scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Waste from PET Bottles Washing as A Component of Solid Fuels

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Paweł Kiełbasa ◽  
Maroš Korenko ◽  
Tomasz Dróżdż
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Waste incineration is one of the paths of implementation of the European Union’s strategy aimed at reducing the amount of waste deposited in landfills. Along with the development of methods for processing and recycling various wastes, new waste is generated. One example is waste from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles washed during their recycling. In this paper, physical and chemical properties of such wastes are analyzed in terms of their use in the power industry. This research is part of the search for new sources and new technologies for energy production. The study has taken into account the energy properties of waste intended for combustion (calorific value, water content, chemical composition, volatile substances, combustible and non-flammable content). Thermogravimetric analysis of the material tested indicated that the waste is a good source of energy. It was found that the elemental composition (C, H, N, S, O) of the waste investigated is similar to that for biomass materials, and the calorific value of 13.2 MJ/kg qualifies the waste for combustion, provided that its initial moisture is reduced, for example, for co-combustion in the cement industry. Another possibility is mixing the waste with other kinds of waste to obtain a new fuel with more satisfactory parameters.

Influence of P2O5 and Al2O3 on Mineral Formation in Converter Slag

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1273-1277
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Converter Slag ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Converter Slag is a by-product during steelmaking. Reusing the slag as Portland cement material can be regarded as a way to reduce environmental pollution. However, the poor grindability caused by complex chemical composition of the slag makes it very difficult to be used in cement industry. To better understand its grindability, the mineral characteristic of converter slag was investigated in this paper. Experimetal slags of CaO-MgO-SiO2-Fe2O3, CaO-MgO-SiO2-Fe2O3-P2O5 and CaO-MgO-SiO2- Fe2O3-P2O5-Al2O3 were synthetized according to physical and chemical properties of actual converter slag. The mineral structures of these slags were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that actual and synthetic slags have mainly three mineral, where dicalcium silicate with little phosphorus presented dark gray, periclase presented black and the matrix phase of dicalcium ferrite. Moreover, phosphorus largely dissolves in the 2CaO∙SiO2 in the form of 3CaO∙PO4, and the other minerals don’t contain phosphorus. A Little aluminum has a little influence on the mineral formation of the slag.

Ethanol and Diesel Fuel Mix the Preparation and Physical and Chemical Properties of Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Distillation Range ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

To ethanol fuel engine performance and the physical and chemical properties were introduced, and the mixed fuel ethanol diesel phase solublecharacteristic test, hybrid fuel mixture fuel of cold, mixed fuel filter point of viscosity and lubricity, mixed fuel distillation range and hybrid hexadecane value, hybrid density and calorific value and mixed fuel phase separation and stability analysis of numerical calculation.

A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochars and Bio-Oils Obtained from Pyrolytic Process of Mesocarp Fibre and Empty Fruit Bunch

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Abdullah ◽  
Aminu Aliyu Safana ◽  
Fauziah Sulaiman ◽  
Ibrahim Inuwa Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The fundamental objectives of this study is to analyzed and compare the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis products (biochar and bio-oil) derived from two oil palm wastes. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fibre (MF) were subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 °C for 2 hours holding time at 10 °C/min heating rate and with nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min. The result obtained from raw material showed that MF contains a high quantity of hemicellulose and lignin which led to a high yield of bio-oil and biochar respectively, whereby, EFB contained a high content of cellulose. The high content of cellulose in EFB resulted in a high yield of gas compared to fibre. The higher heating value (HHV) of biochar and bio-oil were found to be 28.76 and 19.45 MJkg-1 for MF and, 24.33 and 19.98 MJkg-1 for EFB, respectively. Comparatively, the biochar obtained from MF material has high HHV than EFB material. However, all the biochars derived can be used for briquettes production as coal replacement in the future due to significantly high calorific value as compared to Malaysian sub-bituminous coal which has 24.6 MJkg-1. Furthermore, pyrolysis of any wastes encourages proper sanitation and lead to a healthy environment. It can also serve as a potential solution to the energy crisis in developing countries, Nigeria in particular if bio-oil can be improved to power electricity generation facilities in replacement to diesel.

Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Amornrat Pigoolthong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.

Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Kimia Biodiesel dari Transesterifikasi Enzimatis dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Emisi Gas Buang

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Ageng Priatni ◽  
Yuni Adiningsih ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The background of this research is to use of fuel with natural resources and renewable plant-based that can reduce air pollution. This research conducted in order to determine the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel from palm oil and the effect on exhaust gas emission in diesel engines. Biodisel producted by enzymatic transesterification between  methanol and crude palm oil by pseudomonas fluorescens lipase as a catalyst. It’s characterized then blended with petroleum diesel with biodiesel volume ratio 10%:90% petroleum diesel (B10), biodiesel 20%:80%, petroleum diesel (B20) and biodiesel 30%:70%, petroleum diesel (B30) with diesel oil as a comparison (B0 ) is then applied and tested on a diesel engine exhaust gas emissions (SO2,NOX,CO,total particulate matter and opacity). The characterization of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel as follows: specific gravity 0.9068, kinematic viscosity 28.26 mm2/s, 50.5°C flash point , cluod point 18°C, the water content of 0.8% vol, residue carbone 0.941% wt and calorific value 9372.8 Cal/lb. Fuel mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to a decrease in exhaust emissions of CO by 96.88 % , 18.35% of the total particles and B20 causes a decrease in SO2 emissions by 100 % of petroleum diesel. While a mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to increase in NO2 emissions by 265.96% and did not give any influence on the opacityABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bahan bakar dengan sumber daya alam nabati yang dapat terbarukan (renewable) dan pengurangan pencemaran udara. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sifat fisik kimia biodiesel dari CPO dan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel. Biodiesel diperoleh dengan transesterifikasi enzimatis antara CPO dan Methanol dengan enzim lipase Pseudomonas Fluorescens sebagai katalis. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi dan kemudian dicampur dengan minyak solar dengan perbandingan volume biodiesel 10%: minyak solar 90% (B10), biodiesel 20%:minyak solar 80% (B20) dan biodiesel 30% : minyak solar 70% (B30) dengan minyak solar sebagai pembanding (B00). Aplikasi dilakukan pada mesin diesel dan diuji emisi gas buangnya (SO2, NOX, CO, Total partikel dan Opasitas). Karakterisasi sifat fisik kimia dari biodiesel sebagai berikut : specific gravity 0,9068, kekentalan kinematik 28,26 mm2/s, titik nyala 50,5°C, cluod point 18°C,  Kadar air 0,8%vol, residu karbone 0,941% wt dan calorific value 9372,8 Cal/gr. Bahan bakar campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan emisi gas buang CO sebesar 96,88%, total partikel sebesar 18,35% dan B20 menyebabkan penurunan emisi gas SO2 sebesar 100% dari minyak solar. Campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan emisi gas NO2 sebesar 265,96% serta tidak memberikan pengaruh apa-apa terhadap opasitas.Kata Kunci : Biodiesel, CPO, Emisi gas Buang, Enzimatis, Mesin Diesel 

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties, Pretreatment, and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Bottom Ash for Highway Engineering: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yong Lu ◽  
Angran Tian ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Tang ◽  
Peixin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Mswi Fly Ash ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been widely used due to its benefits in reducing waste and recovering energy. However, MSWI fly ash and bottom ash are increasing rapidly, causing harm to human health and the environment. This paper discussed the production process, physical and chemical properties, leaching properties, pretreatment methods, and applications of fly ash and bottom ash. By summarizing the previous literature, it is found that MSWI fly ash and bottom ash have mechanical properties similar to natural aggregate. Many beneficial attempts have been made in cement concrete aggregates, ceramic raw materials, and highway engineering materials. Due to concerns about the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash, its application in highway engineering is limited. The application of bottom ash in asphalt pavement is rare because of the side effect on the performance of asphalt mixture. Considering the solidification effect of cement on heavy metals and the low cost of fly ash and bottom ash, the application in cement-stabilized macadam base has broad application prospects. This is beneficial to reduce the construction cost and promote the process of waste incineration, especially in developing countries.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Philippine Coal Blended with Torrefied Biomass from Rice (Oryza sativa) Straw

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Rose Ann P. Lomeda-De Mesa ◽  
Allan N. Soriano ◽  
Ariziel Ruth D. Marquez ◽  
Adonis P. Adornado
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Looking at the feasibility of using rice (Oryza sativa) straw locally known as “dayami”, which the Philippines is quantitatively abundant, for power generation could help farmers reduce production cost and minimize the postharvest waste. Hence, this study’s objective is to provide a detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of Philippine coal blended with torrefied rice (O. sativa) straw to efficiently use biomass for energy production. Proximate, ultimate, and calorific value analyses showed that rice (O. sativa) straw like other biomass resources are appropriate to meet the requirement of thermochemical process. When compared to pure coal, agricultural residues biomass like rice (O. sativa) straw has lower moisture and ash content, likewise nitrogen and sulfur are very low as well. Generally, blending Philippine coal with torrefied rice (O. sativa) straw would improve its quality in terms of its combustion properties thereby making these combinations of coal and biomass advantageous.

scholarly journals Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Font-Palma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Environmental concerns, caused by greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere and overrunning of nutrients and pathogens to water bodies, have led to reducing direct spread onto the land of cattle manure. In addition, this practice can be a source of water and air pollution and toxicity to life by the release of undesirable heavy metals. Looking at the current practices, it is evident that most farms separate solids for recycling purposes, store slurries in large lagoons or use anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The review explores the potential for cattle manure as an energy source due to its relatively large calorific value (HHV of 8.7–18.7 MJ/kg dry basis). This property is beneficial for thermochemical conversion processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis. This study also reviews the potential for upgrading biogas for transportation and heating use. This review discusses current cattle manure management technologies—biological treatment and thermochemical conversion processes—and the diverse physical and chemical properties due to the differences in farm practices.

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