scholarly journals Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kosowski ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Marian Piwowarski ◽  
Robert Stępień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turbine Construction

The efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels are analyzed. The calculations were carried out for: gas from biomass gasification (LHV = 4.4 MJ/kg), biogas (LHV = 17.5 MJ/kg) and methane (LHV = 50 MJ/kg). It is demonstrated that analyzed solution enables construction of several kW power microturbines that might be used on a local scale. Careful design of such devices allows for achieving high efficiency with appropriate choice of the turbine construction for specific fuel locally available. Such individually created generation systems might be applied in distributed generation systems assuring environmental profits.

Addressing the Energy Trilemma With LPG-Fuelled, Water-Free Combined Cycle Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Distributed Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Many parts of the world are facing the triple challenge of providing secure energy to fuel economic growth at an affordable cost while minimizing the impact of energy production on the environment. Island nations especially struggle to address this trilemma, as renewable resources are usually limited and fossil fuels imported. Traditionally such distributed power plants have relied on liquid fuels and multiple open cycle reciprocating engines to provide both redundancy and the ability to load follow across a broad load range to maximize efficiency. This approach has created high electricity prices and significant negative environmental impact, especially that attributed to CO2, NOx, and SOx. With increasing natural gas production, the availability of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has grown, and costs have fallen, allowing the potential to switch from fuel oils to LPG to reduce environmental impacts. Energy costs and environmental impact can be further reduced by using high efficiency Gas Turbine Combined Cycle plants with dry low emissions combustion technology. However, a further hurdle facing many locations is lack of the fresh water required for combined cycle operations. LPG-fuelled Gas Turbine Combined Cycle using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology can address all aspects of this energy trilemma. This paper reviews the conceptual design of a proposed 100MW distributed power plant for an island location, based on multiple LPG-fuelled gas turbines to follow load demand, with an ORC bottoming cycle to maximize efficiency.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Thermodynamic Analysis of the Humphrey Cycle for Gas Turbines with Pressure Gain Combustion

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Conventional gas turbines are approaching their efficiency limits and performance gains are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) has emerged as a very promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine thermodynamic cycles. Up to date, only very simplified models of open cycle gas turbines with pressure gain combustion have been considered. However, the integration of a fundamentally different combustion technology will be inherently connected with additional losses. Entropy generation in the combustion process, combustor inlet pressure loss (a central issue for pressure gain combustors), and the impact of PGC on the secondary air system (especially blade cooling) are all very important parameters that have been neglected. The current work uses the Humphrey cycle in an attempt to address all these issues in order to provide gas turbine component designers with benchmark efficiency values for individual components of gas turbines with PGC. The analysis concludes with some recommendations for the best strategy to integrate turbine expanders with PGC combustors. This is done from a purely thermodynamic point of view, again with the goal to deliver design benchmark values for a more realistic interpretation of the cycle.

FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY OF THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED ON THEIR BASIS POWER PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadii Liubchik ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Aboubakr Regragui ◽  
Julii Sherenkovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technical Facility

The article presents the enthalpy-entropy methodology of thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine and combined power plants on their basis, the results of testing the method on a real technical facility, proving its high efficiency.

Hydrogen Blending Into Ansaldo Energia AE94.3A Gas Turbine: High Pressure Tests, Field Experience and Modelling Considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ciani ◽  
L. Tay-Wo-Chong ◽  
A. Amato ◽  
E. Bertolotto ◽  
G. Spataro
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Fuel Staging ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fuel flexibility in gas turbine development has become increasingly important and modern engines need to cope with a broad variety of fuels. The target to operate power plants with hydrogen-based fuels and low emissions will be of paramount importance in a future focusing on electric power decarbonization. Ansaldo Energia AE94.3A engine acquired broad experience with operation of various natural gas and hydrogen fuel blends, starting in 2006 in the Brindisi (Italy) power plant. Based on the exhaustive experience acquired in the field, this paper describes the latest advancements characterizing the operation of the AE94.3A burner with high pressure combustion tests adding hydrogen blends ranging from 0 to 40% in volume. The interpretation of the test results is supported by reactive and non-reactive simulations describing the effects of varying fuel reactivity on the flame structure as well as the impact of fuel / air momentum flux ratio on the fuel / air interaction and fuel distribution in the combustion chamber. As expected, increasing amounts of hydrogen in the fuel are also associated with higher amounts of NOx production, however this effect could be countered by optimization of the fuel staging strategy, based on the mentioned CFD considerations and feedback from high pressure tests.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Configurations of Combined Cycle Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Munzer S. Y. Ebaid ◽  
Qusai Z. Al-hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

<p class="1Body">Several modifications have been made to the simple gas turbine cycle in order to increase its thermal efficiency but within the thermal and mechanical stress constrain, the efficiency still ranges between 38 and 42%. The concept of using combined cycle power or CPP plant would be more attractive in hot countries than the combined heat and power or CHP plant. The current work deals with the performance of different configurations of the gas turbine engine operating as a part of the combined cycle power plant. The results showed that the maximum CPP cycle efficiency would be at a point for which the gas turbine cycle would have neither its maximum efficiency nor its maximum specific work output. It has been shown that supplementary heating or gas turbine reheating would decrease the CPP cycle efficiency; hence, it could only be justified at low gas turbine inlet temperatures. Also it has been shown that although gas turbine intercooling would enhance the performance of the gas turbine cycle, it would have only a slight effect on the CPP cycle performance.</p>

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plans. Part A: Public Power Plants 60+

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kosowski ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Marian Piwowarski ◽  
Robert Stępień ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Classical Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

An analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. Variants with regeneration and different cogeneration systems were considered. In the paper, we propose a new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied and, in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with a regenerator can provide higher efficiency than a classical gas turbine cycle with a regenerator. The best arrangements of combined air–steam cycles achieved very high values for overall cycle efficiency—that is, higher than 60%. An increase in efficiency to such degree would decrease fuel consumption, contribute to the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen the sustainability of the region served by the power plant. This increase in efficiency might also contribute to the economic resilience of the area.

Enhancing Gas Turbine Operation With Heavy Fuel Oil

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Muralidharan ◽  
Matthieu Vierling
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Hydro Power

Power generation in south Asia has witnessed a steep fall due to the shortage of natural gas supplies for power plants and poor water storage in reservoirs for low hydro power generation. Due to the current economic scenario, there is worldwide pressure to secure and make more gas and oil available to support global power needs. With constrained fuel sources and increasing environmental focus, the quest for higher efficiency would be imminent. Natural gas combined cycle plants operate at a very high efficiency, increasing the demand for gas. At the same time, countries may continue to look for alternate fuels such as coal and liquid fuels, including crude and residual oil, to increase energy stability and security. In over the past few decades, the technology for refining crude oil has gone through a significant transformation. With the advanced refining process, there are additional lighter distillates produced from crude that could significantly change the quality of residual oil used for producing heavy fuel. Using poor quality residual fuel in a gas turbine to generate power could have many challenges with regards to availability and efficiency of a gas turbine. The fuel needs to be treated prior to combustion and needs a frequent turbine cleaning to recover the lost performance due to fouling. This paper will discuss GE’s recently developed gas turbine features, including automatic water wash, smart cooldown and model based control (MBC) firing temperature control. These features could significantly increase availability and improve the average performance of heavy fuel oil (HFO). The duration of the gas turbine offline water wash sequence and the rate of output degradation due to fouling can be considerably reduced.

scholarly journals Increase of Transient Stability Level of Gas Turbine Power Plant Using FACTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Sergey Solodyankin ◽  
Andrey Pazderin
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the development of the mathematical models of modern devices of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) when calculating the modes and stability of power systems and to the analysis of influence of the specified devices on transient stability of the generators. The considered scheme contains the generators with the gas turbine drive that have electromechanical parameters providing lower level of transient stability compared to units of higher power rating, which in some cases requires implementation of measures for transient stability enhancement. As examples of FACTS the following devices have been considered: compensating device based on voltage- sourced converter (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The known examples of mathematical models of FACTS devices vary in complexity. For a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the FACTS devices, it is proposed to use simplified models that adequately reflect their impact on transients. The use of models made it possible to establish a positive impact of the devices on transient stability of generating equipment in case of short circuits in the electric network. The important conclusion here is that the use of the UPFC device based on two converters (with a corresponding increase in cost) compared to one converter device (STATCOM or SSSC) slightly increases the level of transient stability and the limit time of short circuit disconnection. The proposed method of simulating the FACTS devices is suitable for numerical calculations of transient processes in electric power systems, in particular, to estimate the impact on the transient stability level of the parallel operation of power plants in case of disturbances.

Performance Assessment of Steam Injection Gas Turbine With Inlet Air Cooling

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo M. Bartolini ◽  
Danilo Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling

The steam generated through the use of waste heat recovered from a steam injection gas turbine generally exceeds the maximum mass of steam which can be injected into steam injection gas turbine. The ratio between the steam and air flowing into the engine is not more than 10–15%, as an increase in the pressure ratio can cause the compressor to stall. Naturally, the surplus steam can be utilized for a variety of alternative applications. During the warmer months, the ambient temperature increases and results in reduced thermal efficiency and electrical capacity. An inlet air cooling system for the compressor on a steam injection gas turbine would increase the rating and efficiency of power plants which use this type of equipment. In order to improve the performance of steam injection gas turbines, the authors investigated the option of cooling the intake air to the compressor by harnessing the thermal energy not used to produce the maximum quantity of steam that can be injected into the engine. This alternative use of waste energy makes it possible to reach maximum efficiency in terms of waste recovery. This study examined absorption refrigeration technology, which is one of the various systems adopted to increase efficiency and power rating. The system itself consists of a steam injection gas turbine and a heat recovery and absorption unit, while a computer model was utilized to evaluate the off design performance of the system. The input data required for the model were the following: an operating point, the turbine and compressor curves, the heat recovery and chiller specifications. The performance of an Allison 501 KH steam injection gas plant was analyzed by taking into consideration representative ambient temperature and humidity ranges, the optimal location of the chiller in light of all the factors involved, and which of three possible air cooling systems was the most economically suitable. In order to verify the technical feasibility of the hypothetical model, an economic study was performed on the costs for upgrading the existing steam injection gas cogeneration unit. The results indicate that the estimated pay back period for the project would be four years. In light of these findings, there are clear technical advantages to using gas turbine cogeneration with absorption air cooling in terms of investment.

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