scholarly journals Analysis of the Electrical Quantities Measured by Revenue Meters Under Different Voltage Distortions and the Influences on the Electrical Energy Billing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Perillo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Quadros ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaker ◽  
Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Voltage Distortion ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Energy Billing ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluates the impact of voltage distortion on the electrical quantities measured by revenue meters and the influences on the electrical energy billing. This is done through an experimental setup, which combines the following variables for the first time in an experiment: different total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) levels; among these levels, different harmonic profiles; and different loads. A programmable alternating current (AC) power source was used in the laboratory to apply voltage signals in three electronic loads: a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and two light emitting diode (LED) lighting devices for which voltage signals with THDv 4.9%, 18.8% and 24.5% have been applied. All applied signals contain one or more harmonic order more commonly found in the low voltage grid (3rd, 5th and 7th). For these analyses, a power quality analyzer and a revenue meter were used. The results show that significant and diverse effects on the electrical quantities of individual loads will occur with different THDv levels and harmonic profiles. Comparing with a reference case (sinusoidal condition), when a distorted signal was applied, for the same THDv level, some parameters remained numerically the same, some have improved and some have become worse. This study shows that the effects of combination of the variables such as different THDv level with different harmonic profiles on electrical quantities of loads are not as clear as the effects of considering only one variable. The results of this paper shed light on such effects.

scholarly journals Smart Street Lighting Detecting Vehicle and Pedestrian Movement Aiming for Sustainable Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4276-4281
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Infrared Source ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
And Control

An energy crisis is global issue nowadays. Bhutan however, does not realize it being blessed with good geographical and demographical diversity. It is high time that Bhutan realize the need of energy conservation technique. The electrical energy is wasted unnecessarily which starts from keeping the mobile charger plugged in the socket when not in use to lamps keeping ON in streets throughout day and night. People don’t seem to care but monitoring it for better conservation benefit has become crucial in underdeveloped countries like Bhutan whose source of energy is limited to hydropower only. Wind and solar generations are feasible but the energy cost per unit would be very high due to high initial cost. A case study conducted within the college campus revealed tremendous savings a college can make just by replacing conventional compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) with light emitting diode (LED). Therefore, the best option for Bhutan and Bhutanese people is to take better care of the existing energy sources and use it judiciously. This paper proposes a method to monitor and control the street/compound lighting in a smarter way. The two types of sensors are employed. The light dependent resistor (LDR) is used to monitor the intensity or brightness of surrounding and passive infrared (PIR) sensor is employed for detecting infrared source. The sensor output is processed and monitored by the PIC16F877A microcontroller. Moreover, the incandescent lamp and the compact fluorescent lamp will be replaced by LED lamps. The project aims to reduce power consumption in Bhutan through proposer control of street/compound lighting so as to have better economy of the country by exporting more unit of energy to neighboring country.

scholarly journals Impact of Nonlinear Lighting Loads on the Neutral Conductor Current of Low Voltage Residential Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4851
Author(s):  
Jairo Hernández ◽  
Andrés A. Romero ◽  
Jan Meyer ◽  
Ana María Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Lighting Loads ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade, mainly due to political incentives towards energy efficiency, the share of lamps with power electronic interfaces, like Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps, has significantly increased in the residential sector. Their massive use might have a substantial impact on harmonic currents and, consequently, on the current flowing in the neutral conductor. This paper analyzes the impact of modern energy-efficient lighting technologies on the neutral conductor current by using a synthetic Low Voltage residential grid. Different load scenarios reflecting the transition from incandescent lamps, via CFL, to LED lamps are compared concerning the neutral conductor current at different points in the network. The inherent randomness related to the use of lighting devices by each residential customer is considered employing a Monte Carlo simulation. Obtained results show that the use of CFL has a greater impact on the neutral conductor current of Low Voltage (LV) residential grids and that, with increasing use of LED lamps, a decreasing impact can be expected in the future.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfolane Using a LED-Based Photocatalytic Treatment System

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Sripriya Dharwadkar ◽  
Linlong Yu ◽  
Gopal Achari
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
The Impact

Sulfolane is an emerging industrial pollutant detected in the environments near many oil and gas plants in North America. So far, numerous advanced oxidation processes have been investigated to treat sulfolane in aqueous media. However, there is only a few papers that discuss the degradation of sulfolane using photocatalysis. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide TiO2 composite (RGO-TiO2) in a light-emitting diode (LED) photoreactor was investigated. The impact of different waters (ultrapure water, tap water, and groundwater) and type of irradiation (UVA-LED and mercury lamp) on photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane were also studied. In addition, a reusability test was conducted for the photocatalyst to examine the degradation of sulfolane in three consecutive cycles with new batches of sulfolane-contaminated water. The results show that LED-based photocatalysis was effective in degrading sulfolane in waters even after three photocatalytic cycles. UVA-LEDs displayed more efficient use of photon energy when compared with the mercury lamps as they have a narrow emission spectrum coinciding with the absorption of TiO2. The combination of UVA-LED and TiO2 yielded better performance than UVA-LED and RGO-TiO2 for the degradation of sulfolane. Much lower sulfolane degradation rates were observed in tap water and groundwater than ultrapure water.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy and Cost Performance of Retrofitting Fluorescent Tubes with Compact Fluorescent and Light Emitting Diode Lamps

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Adeleke ◽  
A. B. Wahab ◽  
E. A. Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Over the years, visual comfort has been described as a major requirement needed to enhance optimal performance of occupants in any learning environment in tertiary institutions. This is reflected in the poor performance of the commonly used Fluorescent Lamps (FL) occasioned by its constant burn-off, high failure rate and reduced durability. Hence, there is a shift to the adoption of Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED). This study therefore examined the pattern of electricity consumption involving the adoption of FL, CFL and LED in the purposively selected lecture theatres of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study was carried out using energy monitor to obtain the consumption data of the lamps for periodic logging at intervals of 1 hr, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 1 day, 7 days, 1 month and 3 months respectively; and also to determine the payback period of each of the lamps. From the data collected, patterns of electricity used, electricity savings were calculated and compared to establish performance potentials of each of the lamps. The study found that there was a significant difference in the pattern of electricity consumption of FLs compared with that of CFLs and LEDs, but a reduced margin existed between CFLs and LED lamps. It showed that the FLs consumed 681.576 kWh, 1619.466 kWh and 5652.432 kWh, CFLs consumed 387.302 kWh, 692.479 kWh and 1936.600 kWh, while LED consumed 294.188 kWh, 426.608 kWh and 1499.015 kWh. There were significant differences in consumption with 43, 47 and 65% reduction in electricity consumption using CFLs while 57, 73 and 73% using LED fittings were obtained. The CFLs performed better in terms of return on investments by having a lower payback period when compared to LED. The study concluded that replacing FL with CFL and LED would be desirable option in order to enhance optimal performance of lecture theatres, but in terms of payback period, it would be beneficial to retrofit FLs with CFLs.

Changes in Lighting Source Can Produce Inaccurate Assessment of Visual Poultry Doneness and Induce Consumers To Eat Undercooked Ground Turkey Patties

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
CURTIS MAUGHAN ◽  
EDGAR CHAMBERS IV ◽  
SANDRIA GODWIN ◽  
DELORES CHAMBERS
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
End Point ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
End Point Temperature

ABSTRACT Undercooked poultry is a potential source of foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. The best way to avoid eating undercooked poultry is to use a food thermometer during cooking. However, consumers who cook poultry often use visual appearance for determining doneness, which relies on extrinsic factors, including lighting conditions. Because the United States recently mandated changes in lighting to promote energy conservation, this study evaluated the effect of lighting sources on consumer perceptions of doneness and willingness to eat cooked poultry patties. Consumers (n = 104) evaluated validated photographs of turkey patties cooked to different end point temperatures (57 to 79°C) and rated the level of perceived doneness and willingness to eat each sample. Evaluations were conducted under different lighting sources: incandescent (60 W, soft white), halogen (43 W, soft white), compact fluorescent lamp (13 W, soft white), light-emitting diode (LED; 10.5 W, soft white), and daylight LED (14 W). Lighting changed perception of doneness and willingness to eat the patties, with some of the energy-efficient options, such as LED and halogen making samples appear more done than they actually were, increasing the willingness to eat undercooked samples. This poses a risk of consuming meat that could contain bacteria not killed by heat treatment. Recent changes in lighting regulations can affect lighting in homes that affects perceptions of poultry doneness, requiring that educators place extra emphasis on the message that properly using a meat thermometer is the only way to ensure meat is cooked to a safe end point temperature.

The impact of LED illumination on antioxidant properties of sprouted seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Samuolienė ◽  
Akvilė Urbonavičiūtė ◽  
Aušra Brazaitytė ◽  
Gintarė Šabajevienė ◽  
Jurga Sakalauskaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the light emitting diode (LED) spectra on the antioxidant properties of sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lentil (Lens esculenta Moenh.) seeds. Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (PPFD - 100 μmol m−2 s−1; 12 h photoperiod; 27°C). The LED conditions used were: L1 - 638 nm; L2 - 455 nm, 638 nm, 669 nm, 731 nm (basal components); L3 - basal + 385 nm; L4 - basal + 510 nm and L5 - basal + 595 nm. Wheat and lentil sprouts were shown to accumulate less phenolic compounds and were more sensitive to light spectral differences when compared to radish sprouts. The antioxidant properties and contents of antioxidant compounds in seeds germinated in the dark were significantly lower than LED treated seeds. The higher content of total phenols and significant increase in alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C concentration resulted in altered DPPH free-radical scavenging capacity. Therefore we conclude that the LED spectra, based on basal components supplemented with green (510 nm) light can improve the antioxidant properties of sprouted seeds of lentil and wheat. The highest antioxidant properties of radish seeds were caused by radiation with supplemental amber (595 nm) light.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of light emitting diode versus conventional phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a hospital based observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Radheshyam Purkait ◽  
Manik Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Phototherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Background: The most commonly used light sources in the conventional phototherapy units are compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), halogen spotlights and fiberoptic blankets. Recently light emitting diodes (LED) has emerged as better light source for phototherapy and almost replacing all the available conventional light sources. Comparative studies on the efficacy of LED versus conventional phototherapy are limited from India. That is why; this study was undertaken.Methods: 48 neonates of ≥35 weeks gestational age with hyperbilirubinemia were participated in this study. Among them, 24 neonates received conventional phototherapy and rest of them received LED phototherapy. The rate of fall of bilirubin levels at 6 hours and at completion along with total duration of phototherapy in both groups was measured. Results analysed by standard statistical methods.Results: LED phototherapy units showed higher rate of fall in bilirubin at six hrs (LED group: 0.38±0.05 mg/dl/hr versus conventional group: 0.30±0.04 mg/dl/hr, p<0.05) and after completion of therapy (LED group:                      0.32±0.03 mg/dl/hr versus conventional group: 0.26±0.03 mg/dl/hr, p<0.05) compared to conventional group. Significant difference was documented in total duration of phototherapy in LED group (30.8±1.8 hours) when compared to conventional group (34.6±0.7 hours). None of the neonate showed phototherapy failure. Side effects were minimal and comparable in both the groups.Conclusions: The LED phototherapy units are more efficacious in terms of higher rate of fall of bilirubin levels and lesser duration of phototherapy compared to conventional phototherapy units.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document