scholarly journals Eggshell-Membrane-Derived Carbon Coated on Li2FeSiO4 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwakar Karuppiah ◽  
Rajkumar Palanisamy ◽  
Arjunan Ponnaiah ◽  
Wei-Ren Liu ◽  
Chia-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Eggshell Membrane ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Average Surface Area

Lithium iron orthosilicate (LFS) cathode can be prepared via the polyol-assisted ball milling method with the incorporation of carbon derived from eggshell membrane (ESM) for improving inherent poor electronic conduction. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the diffraction peaks without any presence of further impure phase. Overall, 9 wt.% of carbon was loaded on the LFS, which was identified using thermogravimetric analysis. The nature of carbon was described using parameters such as monolayer, and average surface area was 53.5 and 24 m2 g−1 with the aid of Langmuir and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area respectively. The binding energy was observed at 285.66 eV for C–N owing to the nitrogen content in eggshell membrane, which provides more charge carriers for conduction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly show the carbon coating on the LFS, the porous nature of carbon, and the atom arrangements. From the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve, the ratio of the anodic to the cathodic peak current was calculated as 1.03, which reveals that the materials possess good reversibility. Due to the reversibility of the redox mechanism, the material exhibits discharge specific capacity of 194 mAh g−1 for the first cycle, with capacity retention and an average coulombic efficiency of 94.7% and 98.5% up to 50 cycles.

Effect of Rb+ -Doping on the Crystallization, Phase Transition and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized TiO2 Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 954-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Ni ◽  
Xiao Li Kou ◽  
Xin Yu Ding ◽  
Cun Wang Ge ◽  
Xiao Hui Jing
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Kinetics Of

In order to study the ion effect on titania phase structure, crystallite size, and photocatalytic activity, Rb+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via a modified sol-gel method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the elaborated powders was studied following the degradation of methyl orange. The results indicate that doping Rb+ increases the BET surface area of TiO2 crystals, decreases the crystal size, reduces the diminishing rates of surface area with increasing calcinations temperature, raises the temperature at which anatase changes into rutile phase, and so significantly increases the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The kinetics of the methyl orange degradation fits Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model well.

Preparation and Characterization of Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy Nano-Sized Powder

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1130-1132
Author(s):  
Hong Zhi Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yun Xin Gu ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
Mei Fang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cubic Structure

Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy bimetallic metal oxynitride nano powder was synthesized by ammonolysis of the nanosized Cr2O3/TiO2 composite powder with n(Ti):n(Cr)=6:4 at 800oC for 8 h. The precursor and the resulting oxynitride were characterized by Auger electron spectroscope (AES), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area techniques. The result indicated that the precursor was homogenous mixture of Cr2O3 and TiO2 with high BET surface area. The as-synthesized oxynitride powder contains only Ti0.6Cr0.4OxNy with cubic structure. The BET surface area of the oxynitride powder is 37.42 m2/g and the particle size is in the range of 20~30 nm.

Supported Bimetallic AgSn Nanoparticle as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

NANO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipeeka Rout ◽  
Prashanth Rengasamy ◽  
Basanti Ekka ◽  
Aniket Kumar ◽  
Priyabrat Dash
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Image Mapping ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Degradation Reaction

We report the synthesis of TiO 2-supported monometallic Ag , Sn and bimetallic AgSn nanoparticle catalysts prepared using sol–gel method via a rational nanoparticle encapsulation route. The samples were thoroughly characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) with image mapping and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The supported bimetallic AgSn catalyst had the anatase structure, surface area of 50 m2/g and 2.6 ± 0.6 nm particle size. The efficiency of the catalysts was evaluated on photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. The photocatalytic activity of MB was significantly enhanced in the presence of bimetallic AgSn nanoparticles (NPs) as compared to individual metal nanoparticles. Reusability study of the photocatalyst showed that the catalyst can be reused upto 5 runs with minimal loss in activity. Kinetic study revealed that the degradation reaction follows a pseudo first-order pathway.

Novel Organometallic Fullerene Complexes for Vehicular Hydrogen Storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Whitney ◽  
Anne C. Dillon ◽  
Calvin Curtis ◽  
Chaiwat Engtrakul ◽  
Kevin O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Temperature Programmed

AbstractExperimental wet chemical approaches have been demonstrated in the synthesis of a new chainlike (C60-Fe-C60-Fe)n complex. This structure has been proposed based on 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, this structure has been shown to have unique binding sites for dihydrogen molecules with the technique of temperature-programmed desorption. The new adsorption sites have binding energies that are stronger than that observed for hydrogen physisorbed on planar graphite, but significantly weaker than a chemical C-H bond. Volumetric measurements at 77 K and 2 bar show a hydrogen adsorption capacity of 0.5 wt%. Interestingly, the BET surface area is ∼31 m2/g after degassing, which is approximately an order of magnitude less than expected given the measured experimental hydrogen capacity. Nitrogen and hydrogen isotherms performed at 75 K also show a marked selectivity for hydrogen over nitrogen for this complex, indicating hidden surface area for hydrogen adsorption.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Tin-Copper Nanocomposites as a Superior Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 894-900
Author(s):  
Tian Chen ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Ren Cheng Shen ◽  
Jian Qiu Deng ◽  
Qing Rong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem

The Sn–Cu nanocomposites composing of Sn, Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn and SnO2 are synthesized by a facile precipitation method. Their morphologies and structures are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM. The electrochemical properties are investigated by charge–discharge testing, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The sample with a Sn/Cu ratio of 5:3 delivers good cycling stability. The discharge specific capacity is 447.5 mAhg-1 after 70 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg-1 and the coulombic efficiency is beyond 95%. The superior rate and cycling performance of Sn–Cu nanocomposites are also demonstrated, which may be rooted in their nanostructure and phase composition.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Yusmartini ◽  
Dedi Setiabudidaya ◽  
Ridwan ◽  
Marsi ◽  
Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Process Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles, particles of size 10-9have a high potential as water, waste water and air pollution treatment. In this research, nanoscale iron particles were synthesized by reduction of Fe2SO47 H2O by NaBH4at low temperature to avoid oxidation during the process. Characterization of the particles based on particle size, material structure, surface morphology and the composition of forming element was done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectometry (EDS), respectively. Surface area and magnetic character was measured by BET surface area and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), respectively. Morfological observation showed that structured core-shell of size < 44 nm and shell of size ~ 3 nm with saturated magnetization value ~ 132 emu g‾¹ has been formed.

scholarly journals Facile Template In-Situ Fabrication of ZnCo2O4 Nanoparticles with Highly Photocatalytic Activities under Visible-Light Irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu T. Tan ◽  
La The Vinh ◽  
Tran Ngoc Khiem ◽  
Huynh Dang Chinh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Fabrication ◽  
Transmission Electron

High specific surface area ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles were prepared via a sacrificial template accelerated hydrolysis by using nanoparticles of ZnO with highly polar properties as a template. The obtained ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles were characterized by the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained nanoparticles were performed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under visible irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue onto the synthesized ZnCo2O4 was higher than that of commercial ZnO and synthesized ZnO template. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved. 

scholarly journals Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Garven M. Huntley ◽  
Rudy L. Luck ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Nick K. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

scholarly journals Carbon-coated magnetic particles increase tissue temperatures after laser irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shupeng Liu ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Fufei Pang ◽  
Zhengyi Chen ◽  
Tingyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Thermal Therapy ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fbg Sensor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Coated

Purpose: This work focused on the investigation the hyperthermia performance of the carbon-coated magnetic particles (CCMPs) in laser-induced hyperthermia. Materials and methods: We prepared CCMPs using the organic carbonization method, and then characterized them with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to evaluate their performance in hyperthermia, the CCMPs were tested in laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) experiments, in which we employed a fully distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to profile the tissue's dynamic temperature change under laser irradiation in real time. Results: The sizes of prepared CCMPs were about several micrometers, and the LITT results show that the tissue injected with the CCMPs absorbed more laser energy, and its temperature increased faster than the contrast tissue without CCMPs. Conclusions: The CCMPs may be of great help in hyperthermia applications.

scholarly journals Carbon-coated titania nanostructured particles: Continuous, one-step flame-synthesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2670-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik K. Kammler ◽  
Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Size ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Titanium Tetraisopropoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
One Step

Concurrent synthesis of titania-carbon nanoparticles (up to 52 wt.% in C) was studied in a diffusion flame aerosol reactor by combustion of titanium tetraisopropoxide and acetylene. These graphitically layered carbon-coated titania particles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), with elemental mapping of C and Ti, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption [Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)]. The specific surface area of the powder was controlled by the acetylene flow rate from 29 to 62 m2/g as the rutile content decreased from 68 to 17 wt.%. Light blue titania suboxides formed at low acetylene flow rates. The average XRD crystal size of TiO2 decreased steadily with increasing carbon content of the composite powders, while the average BET primary particle size calculated from nitrogen adsorption decreased first and then approached a constant value. The latter is attributed to the formation of individual carbon particles next to carbon-coated titania particles as observed by HRTEM and electron spectroscopic imaging.

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