Modeling the Impact of Modified Inertia Coefficient (H) due to ESS in Power System Frequency Response Analysis

The advantages of increased penetration of distributed generation are also accompanied by several challenges, low inertia being one of them, which threatens the grid stability. An emerging approach to confront this problem is the introduction of so-called virtual inertia (VI) provided by energy storage systems (ESS). In contrast to the already available literature which considers a conventional load frequency control (LFC) model, this work concentrates on a modified LFC model as the integration of a large portion of ESS changes the inertia constant ( H ) of a power system. A sensitivity function is derived that shows the effects of changes in H on the power system’s frequency response. With the help of the developed mathematical model and simulation results, it is shown that a difference in the actual and calculated values of H can deteriorate the system performance and economy. As one of the reasons for this difference is improper modeling of ESS in the LFC model, therefore, the study signifies the accurate calculation of H in the power systems having enlarged penetration of ESS.

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Adaptive Integral Second-Order Sliding Mode Control Design for Load Frequency Control of Large-Scale Power System with Communication Delays

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/5564184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Anh-Tuan Tran ◽

Bui Le Ngoc Minh ◽

Phong Thanh Tran ◽

Van Van Huynh ◽

Van-Duc Phan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sliding Mode Control ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

System Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sliding Mode ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Communication Delays ◽

Second Order Sliding Mode

Nowadays, the power systems are getting more and more complicated because of the delays introduced by the communication networks. The existence of the delays usually leads to the degradation and/or instability of power system performance. On account of this point, the traditional load frequency control (LFC) approach for power system sketches a destabilizing impact and an unacceptable system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a new LFC based on adaptive integral second-order sliding mode control (AISOSMC) approach for the large-scale power system with communication delays (LSPSwCD). First, a new linear matrix inequality is derived to ensure the stability of whole power systems using Lyapunov stability theory. Second, an AISOSMC law is designed to ensure the finite time reachability of the system states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the AISOSMC is designed for LFC of the LSPSwCD. In addition, the report of testing results presents that the suggested LFC based on AISOSMC can not only decrease effectively the frequency variation but also make successfully less in mount of power oscillation/fluctuation in tie-line exchange.

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Designing a GA-Based Robust Controller For Load Frequency Control (LFC)

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.1592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 2633-2639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Soleimani ◽

J. Mazloum

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Power Plants ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

System Stability ◽

Robust Controller ◽

Power Flux ◽

Pi Controllers ◽

Multiple Units

Power systems include multiple units linked together to produce constantly moving electric power flux. Stability is very important in power systems, so controller systems should be implemented in power plants to ensure power system stability either in normal conditions or after the events of unwanted inputs and disorder. Frequency and active power control are more important regarding stability. Our effort focused on designing and implementing robust PID and PI controllers based on genetic algorithm by changing the reference of generating units for faster damping of frequency oscillations. Implementation results are examined on two-area power system in the ideally state and in the case of parameter deviation. According to the results, the proposed controllers are resistant to deviation of power system parameters and governor uncertainties.

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Load Frequency Control of Photovoltaic-Gasifier for Interconnected Two-Area Power Systems

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a9659.109119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2101-2105

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Pid Control ◽

Pid Controller ◽

Power Flow ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Interconnected Power System ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Tie Line

Load frequency control (LFC) in interconnected power system of small distribution generation (DG) for reliability in distribution system. The main objective is to performance evaluation load frequency control of hybrid for interconnected two-area power systems. The simulation consist of solar farm 10 MW and gasifier plant 300 kW two-area in tie line. This impact LFC can be address as a problem on how to effectively utilize the total tie-line power flow at small DG. To performance evaluation and improve that defect of LFC, the power flow of two-areas LFC system have been carefully studied, such that, the power flow and power stability is partially LFC of small DG of hybrid for interconnected two-areas power systems. Namely, the controller and structural properties of the multi-areas LFC system are similar to the properties of hybrid for interconnected two-area LFC system. Inspired by the above properties, the controller that is propose to design some proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control laws for the two-areas LFC system successfully works out the aforementioned problem. The power system of renewable of solar farm and gasifier plant in interconnected distribution power system of area in tie – line have simulation parameter by PID controller. Simulation results showed that 3 types of the controller have deviation frequency about 0.025 Hz when tie-line load changed 1 MW and large disturbance respectively. From interconnected power system the steady state time respond is 5.2 seconds for non-controller system, 4.3 seconds for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and 1.4 seconds for under controlled system at 0.01 per unit (p.u.) with PID controller. Therefore, the PID control has the better efficiency non-controller 28 % and AVR 15 %. The result of simulation in research to be interconnected distribution power system substation of area in tie - line control for little generate storage for grid connected at better efficiency and optimization of renewable for hybrid. It can be conclude that this study can use for applying to the distribution power system to increase efficiency and power system stability of area in tie – line.

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Ant Lion Optimized Fractional Order Fuzzy Pre-Compensated Intelligent Pid Controller for Frequency Stabilization of Interconnected Multi-Area Power Systems

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi2020017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. H. Gomaa Haroun ◽

Yin-Ya Li

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Fractional Order ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Computational Technique ◽

Intelligent Pid ◽

Ant Lion ◽

Simulation Results

Load frequency control (LFC) is considered to be the most important strategy in interconnected multi-area power systems for satisfactory operation and distribution. In order to transfer reliable power with acceptable quality, an LFC mechanism requires highly efficacy and intelligent techniques. In this paper, a novel hybrid fractional order fuzzy pre-compensated intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) (FOFP-iPID) controller is proposed for the LFC of a realistic interconnected two-area power system. The proposed FOFP-iPID controller is incorporated into the power system as a secondary controller. In doing so, the parameters of the suggested FOFP-iPID controller are optimized using a more recent evolutionary computational technique called the Ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithm utilizing an Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) index. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed FOFP-iPID controller achieves better dynamics performance under a wide variation of load perturbations. The supremacy of the proposed FOFP-iPID controller is demonstrated by comparing the results with some existing controllers, such as fractional order PID (FOPID) and fractional order intelligent PID (FOiPID) controllers for the identical system. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the plant is examined and the simulation results showed that the suggested FOFP-iPID controller is robust and performs satisfactorily despite the presence of uncertainties.

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A Novel Technique for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power Systems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13092125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2125

Author(s):

Ali Dokht Shakibjoo ◽

Mohammad Moradzadeh ◽

Seyed Zeinolabedin Moussavi ◽

Lieven Vandevelde

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Internal Model Control ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Model Control

In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy controller is proposed to control the load frequency of a two-area power system based on descending gradient training and error back-propagation. The dynamics of the system are completely uncertain. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network structure is used to extract Jacobian and estimate the system model, and then, the estimated model is applied to the controller, online. A proportional–derivative (PD) controller is added to the type-2 fuzzy controller, which increases the stability and robustness of the system against disturbances. The adaptation, being real-time and independency of the system parameters are new features of the proposed controller. Carrying out simulations on New England 39-bus power system, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with the conventional PI, PID and internal model control based on PID (IMC-PID) controllers. Simulation results indicate that our proposed controller method outperforms the conventional controllers in terms of transient response and stability.

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Power systems (review of "Robust Power System Frequency Control" by Bevrani, H.; 2009) [Book reviews]

IEEE Power and Energy Magazine ◽

10.1109/mpe.2009.933948 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 77, 79-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerald Sheble

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Frequency Control ◽

System Frequency

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Genetic algorithm tuned IP controller for Load Frequency Control of interconnected power systems with HVDC links

Archives of Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2478/aee-2014-0013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 161-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Selvakumaran ◽

V. Rajasekaran ◽

R. Karthigaivel

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Settling Time ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Line System ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Interconnected Power Systems ◽

Tie Line

Abstract A new design of decentralized Load Frequency Controller for interconnected thermal non-reheat power systems with AC-DC parallel tie-lines based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuned Integral and Proportional (IP) controller is proposed in this paper. A HVDC link is connected in parallel with an existing AC tie-line to stabilize the frequency oscillations of the AC tie-line system. Any optimum controller selected for load frequency control of interconnected power systems should not only stabilize the power system but also reduce the system frequency and tie line power oscillations and settling time of the output responses. In practice Load Frequency Control (LFC) systems use simple Proportional Integral (PI) or Integral (I) controller. The controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches. But they are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for various load change scenarios in multi-area power system. For this reason, in this paper GA tuned IP controller is used. A two area interconnected thermal non-reheat power system is considered to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides better dynamic responses with minimal frequency and tie-line power deviations, quick settling time and guarantees closed-loop stability margin.

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A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.4320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 7522-7529

Author(s):

D. V. Doan ◽

K. Nguyen ◽

Q. V. Thai

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Interconnected Power System ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Interconnected Power Systems

This study focuses on designing an effective intelligent control method to stabilize the net frequency against load variations in multi-control-area interconnected power systems. Conventional controllers (e.g. Integral, PI, and PID) achieve only poor control performance with high overshoots and long settling times. They could be replaced with intelligent regulators that can update controller parameters for better control quality. The control strategy is based on fuzzy logic, which is one of the most effective intelligent strategies and can be a perfect substitute for such conventional controllers when dealing with network frequency stability problems. This paper proposes a kind of fuzzy logic controller based on the PID principle with a 49-rule set suitable to completely solve the problem of load frequency control in a two-area thermal power system. Such a novel PID-like fuzzy logic controller with modified scaling factors can be applied in various practical scenarios of an interconnected power system, namely varying load change conditions, changing system parameters in the range of ±50%, and considering Governor Dead-Band (GDB) along with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) nonlinearities and time delay. Through the simulation results implemented in Matlab/Simulink software, this study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fuzzy logic controller over several counterparts in dealing with the load-frequency control of a practical interconnected power system considering the aforesaid conditions.

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Fuzzy System Based Load Frequency Control of Hydro-Thermal -Thermal Interconnected Power System

Holistic Research Perspectives Vol.5 ◽

10.47059/ciir/bp20002/14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146-157

Author(s):

Dr. Anand Gondesi ◽

Dr. Varaha Narasimha Raja. Ch

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Fuzzy System ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Vital Role ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Steam Turbines ◽

Interconnected Power System ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Changes Over Time

Today, in power systems the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem plays a vital role in an interconnected power system, wherein it maintains the system frequency and tie line flow at their scheduled values during normal period. It is due to frequency of power system, which changes over time with respect to continuous load variation. The present chapter proposes a new methodology to study the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem of a three area inter-connected system using R Fuzzy system (FS) approach. Moreover, this technique is applied to control the systems which include three areas considering a non-linearity Generation Rate constraint (GRC) having two steam turbines and one hydro-turbine tied together. The main advantage of this controller is its high insensitivity to large load changes and plant parameter variations even in the presence of non-linearity. Furthermore, it is tested on a three-area power system to illustrate its robust performance. The results obtained by using Rule Based Fuzzy PID controller explicitly show that the performance of this proposed controller is superior to conventional controller in terms of several parameters like overshoot, settling time and robustness.

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