scholarly journals Co-Gasification of Crude Glycerol/Animal Fat Mixtures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Ana Almeida ◽  
Rosa Pilão ◽  
Albina Ribeiro ◽  
Elisa Ramalho ◽  
Carlos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
Gasification Temperature

The aim of this work was to assess the technical viability of glycerol/fat co-gasification. The gasification performance was studied in a downflow fixed bed reactor using activated alumina particles as bed material and steam as oxidizing agent. The effect of gasification temperature, from 800 to 950 °C was studied with a feed mixture with 10% (w/w) of animal fat. The influence of fat incorporation on the feedstock in the overall gasification process was also performed, using 3% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) of fat in feed mixtures. Samples of dry gas from the gasifier were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography in order to determine the CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 content. The best results were obtained using the highest tested temperature, 950 °C, and using 3% (w/w) of animal fat in the feed mixture. The overall results revealed that the co-gasification of glycerol/animal fat mixtures seems to be a feasible technical option.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

Fuel Gases from Gasification Process of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Kaew Saetiaw ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Thermosetting Composite ◽  
Gas Conversion

Currently solid wastes generated from manufacturing process of thermosetting composite have caused environmental problems because they are non biodegradable product and cannot be recycled or remolded due to chemically crosslinked. Thus, the aim of this research is to convert glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite waste to fuel gases by gasification process. The composite waste was first grounded and its thermal decomposition behavior was then investigated using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from an ambient to 900°C at heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. The results showed that major decomposition temperatures of the epoxy matrix were ranging from 300 to 450°C. The composite sample was then mixed with two different catalysts, olivine (LiFePO4) or 10%NiAl2O3in order to study the effect of catalyst on gas conversion efficiency before it was gasified in a fixed bed reactor at final temperature of 500, 600, 700, and 800°C under nitrogen mixed with air at total flow rate of 200 mL/min. Gasification process indicated that solid residues were mainly brittle black containing residual glass fiber. The significant increasing of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide conversion was achieved from sample mixed with olivine catalyst at gasification temperature of 700°C, when compared with result without catalyst at baseline conversion of 500°C as. Therefore, it can be expected that gasification process is a promising method to deal with epoxy composite for producing renewable energy.

An Experimental Study of Steam Gasification of Biomass over Precalcined Copper Slag Catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Hui Deng ◽  
Jian Hang Hu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Juan Qin Li ◽  
Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gasification Efficiency ◽  
Gasification Temperature

Biomass gasification was separated from catalytic pyrolysis in a two-stage fixed bed reactor with precalcined copper slag catalysts placed in a secondary reactor. The effects of gasification temperature (720-950°C), steam to biomass (S/B) mass ratio (0-2g/g), precalcined copper slag to biomass (C/B) mass ratio (0-2g/g) and copper slag precalcined at different temperatures (800-1000°C) on characteristics of biomass gasification were investigated. The experimental results show that the increase of gasification temperature, S/B mass ratio, C/B mass ratio and precalcination temperature are all favorable for raising gasification efficiency and enhancing the H2 production. With copper slag precalcined at 1000°C for 5 hours as catalyst under the experimental conditions examined, the H2 content, the hydrogen yield, the gas yield and the gasification efficiency reach the maximum of 59.16%, 0.72 Nm3/kg, 1.22 Nm3/kg and 77.56%,respectively.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass With Activated Alumina

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates¸
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

In this study, corncob was chosen as a biomass sample and the pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then, experiments were conducted with a heating rate of 700 °C/min, mean particle size and between 300–800 °C pyrolysis temperatures with or without catalyst. The catalytic experiments involved a dry mixing of the catalyst with the biomass using an in bed-mode in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the experimental studies, influence of catalyst and temperature on the corncob products was investigated. According to the experimental results; maximum bio-oil yield was obtained as 36.1% and 34.8% with or without catalyst at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, respectively. The use of catalyst showed its cracking effect at higher temperatures and the gas yield increased above pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis and GC/MS. According to all results; the use of catalyst can be suggested in the pyrolysis to obtain both good quality fuels and valuable chemicals.

Effects of Several Metals Species on Steam Gasification Behavior of Lignite from Inner Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Yan Peng Ban ◽  
Quan Sheng Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Ke Duan Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Gasification Reactivity ◽  
Char Reactivity ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Gasification Temperature

The purpose of this study is to investigate the catalytic effects of different metals in Shengli lignite on the char reactivity. The pyrolysis of Shengli lignite and various metal catalyst loaded coal was investigated in a small fixed-bed reactor, and the gasification activity with steam for different chars was compared as well. The results show that Fe, Ni, Ca and K could effectively lowering the gasification temperature, enhancing the gasification reactivity of SL char. Alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca) could be feasibly used as catalysis for the catalytic steam gasification at relatively low temperatures (550~700°C) to produce gases with high H2 (63.2~63.8 v%) and low CO (below 0.9%), and promoting the carbon-water reaction, the water-gas shift reaction to some extent.

scholarly journals Fractionation of coal through organo-separative refining for enhancing its potential for the CO2-gasification

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Dhawan ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula ◽  
K. K. Pant ◽  
D. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Coal Structure ◽  
Gasification Reactivity ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Residual Coal

Abstract Coal gasification has already been extensively studied earlier under varying conditions of steam, CO2, O2, inert conditions. Belbaid coal and its e, N and NMP-DETA SCC products recovered through organo-refining under milder ambient pressure conditions were subjected to CO2-gasification in a fixed bed reactor under varying conditions. CO2 being an inert gas becomes the most challenging to be utilized during the gasification process. The SCCs showed better CO2-gasification reactivity than the raw Belbaid coal at 900 °C. The use of the catalyst K2CO3 tremendously increased the gasification reactivity for both raw coal and the SCCs. The use of sugarcane bagasse for CO2-gasification along with raw coal as well as with residual coal was also studied. Gasification under CO2 atmosphere conditions was used to structurally understand the coals as the coal structure gets loosened after extraction.

Removal of Tar during Pine Sawdust Fast Pyrolysis with Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Li Xiao ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Guang Qian Luo ◽  
Hong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Conversion Rates

At 600°C, fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust with and without catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor to determine the effects of five catalysts on the removing tar and changing components of tar. Based on difference of the physical properties and chemical catalytic, five catalysts, including sand, porous silica, activated alumina, fused alumina and zeolite were chosen. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze tar compositions. The results showed that the conversion rates of tar: zeolite>activated alumina>fused alumina>porous silica>sand. The physical properties and the chemical catalytic activities of the catalysts were the two main reasons, in which the physical properties of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of aldehydes, hydrocarbons and phenols, while chemical catalytic activities of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of acids, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and phenols.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON GASIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF SAWDUST AND SAWDUST PELLET IN A DOWNDRAFT BIOMASS GASIFIER

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Fatin Zafirah Mansur ◽  
Che Ku Mohammad Faizal ◽  
N. A. Fazli ◽  
S. M. Atnaw ◽  
S. A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Fixed Condition ◽  
Gasification Efficiency ◽  
Gasification Temperature

In this work, a comparative analysis of the gasification process of sawdust (SW) and sawdust pellet (SWP) utilizing a downdraft gasifier was performed. The gasification was conducted in a research-scale fixed-bed gasifier applying air as an oxidizing agent. The comparison between the raw (sawdust, SW) and treated biomass (sawdust pellet, SWP) was investigated for the syngas composition and gasification performance at the fixed condition of gasification temperature at 750 °C and equivalence ratio of 0.25. The gasification performance was tabulated in the form of heating value of the syngas (HHVsyngas), gasification efficiency (ηGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (ηCCE). It was found out that SWP produced the highest H2 and the lowest CO2. Furthermore, SWP also present the better gasification performance than SW. SWP achieved the high HHVsyngas, ηGE, and ηCCE at 4.2152 MJ/Nm3, 24% and 37%, respectively.

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