scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Separate Collected vs. Mechanical Segregated Organic Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste as Feedstock

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Seruga ◽  
Małgorzata Krzywonos ◽  
Anna Seruga ◽  
Łukasz Niedźwiecki ◽  
Halina Pawlak-Kruczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Biogas Yield

The replacement of fossil fuel with renewable energy sources seems as though it will be crucial in the future. On the other hand, waste generation increases year by year. Thus, waste-to-energy technologies fit in with the actual trends, such as the circular economy. The crucial type of generated waste is municipal solid waste, which is in the research area. Regarding the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), anaerobic digestion (AD) allows the recovery of biogas and energy. Furthermore, if it is supported by source segregation, it should allow the recovery of material as fertilizer. The AD process performance (biogas yield and stability) comparison of source-segregated OFMSW (ss-OFMWS) and mechanically sorted OFMSW (ms-OFMSW) as feedstocks was performed in full-scale conditions. The daily biogas volume and methane content were measured to assess AD efficiency. To verify the process stability, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, pH value, acidity, alkalinity, and dry matter were determined. The obtained biogas yield per ton was slightly higher in the case of ss-OFMSW (111.1 m3/ton), compared to ms-OFMSW (105.3 m3/ton), together with a higher methane concentration: 58–60% and 51–53%, respectively, and followed by a higher electricity production capacity of almost 700 MWh for ss-OFMSW digestion. The obtained VFA concentrations, at levels around 1.1 g/kg, pH values (slightly above 8.0), acidity, and alkalinity indicate the possibilities of the digester feeding and no-risk exploitation of either as feedstock.

scholarly journals Waste-to-Wealth: The Economic Reasons for Replacing Waste-to-Energy With the Circular Economy of Municipal Solid Waste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Material Recycling

Sharing the same raw material, recycling and composting are in direct conflict with incineration of municipal solid waste in combined heath and power plants. Indeed, waste-to-energy plants in regions with high recycling rates import urban waste from other countries to use otherwise unused capacity, and raise revenues. Using the case of Italy’s second largest and economically most developed region, I discuss the economic viability of municipal solid waste incineration to produce electricity and heath in the context of the increasing role of electricity production from renewable energy sources as well as of the emerging mass-scale uptake of bioplastics. Four lessons and three guidelines aimed to local authorities and policy makers emerge from the present study.

scholarly journals Waste to Energy: A Focus on the Impact of Substrate Type in Biogas Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Nwokolo ◽  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
KeChrist Obileke ◽  
Matthew Enebe
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Substrate Type

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient technology for a sustainable conversion of various organic wastes such as animal manure, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues and industrial waste into biogas. This technology offers a unique set of benefits, some of which include a good waste management technique, enhancement in the ecology of rural areas, improvement in health through a decrease of pathogens and optimization of the energy consumption of communities. The biogas produced through anaerobic digestion varies in composition, but it consists mainly of carbon dioxide methane together with a low quantity of trace gases. The variation in biogas composition are dependent on some factors namely the substrate type being digested, pH, operating temperature, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time and digester design. However, the type of substrate used is of greater interest due to the direct dependency of microorganism activities on the nutritional composition of the substrate. Therefore, the aim of this review study is to provide a detailed analysis of the various types of organic wastes that have been used as a substrate for the sustainable production of biogas. Biogas formation from various substrates reported in the literature were investigated, an analysis and characterization of these substrates provided the pro and cons associated with each substrate. The findings obtained showed that the methane yield for all animal manure varied from 157 to 500 mL/gVS with goat and pig manure superseding the other animal manure whereas lignocellulose biomass varied from 160 to 212 mL/gVS. In addition, organic municipal solid waste and industrial waste showed methane yield in the ranges of 143–516 mL/gVS and 25–429 mL/gVS respectively. These variations in methane yield are primarily attributed to the nutritional composition of the various substrates.

scholarly journals Management strategies for anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Current status and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanakrishnan Logan ◽  
Chettiyappan Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Anaerobic digestion has emerged as the preferred treatment for organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Digestate management strategies are devised not only for safe disposal but also to increase the value and marketability. Regulations and standards for digestate management are framed to address the pollution concerns, conserve vulnerable zones, prevent communicable diseases, and to educate on digestate storage and applications. Regulations and the desired end uses are the main drivers for the enhancement of digestate through pretreatment, in vessel cleaning, and post-digestion treatment technologies for solid and liquid fractions of digestate. The current management practice involves utilization of digestate for land application either as fertilizer or soil improver. Prospects are bright for alternative usage such as microalgal cultivation, biofuel and bioethanol production. Presently, the focus of optimization of the anaerobic digestion process is directed only towards enhancing biogas yield, ignoring the quality of digestate produced. A paradigm shift is needed in the approach from ‘biogas optimization’ to ‘integrated biogas–digestate optimization’.

Steam pressure disruption of municipal solid waste enhances anaerobic digestion kinetics and biogas yield

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Liu ◽  
H. K. Walter ◽  
G. M. Vogt ◽  
H. S. Vogt ◽  
B. E. Holbein
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste as a valuable recycled asset for small-scale electricity production in rural communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Valter Silva ◽  
João Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Brito ◽  
Luís Tarelho ◽  
José Luz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biomass Supply

Municipal solid waste provides an opportunity for electricity production. This strategy provides the rural communities a potential waste-to-energy opportunity to manage its costly residues problem, turning them into a valuable recycled asset. To address this issue, a techno-economic study of an integrated system comprising gasification of Acacia residues and Portuguese Municipal Solid Waste (PMSW) with an Internal Combustion Engine-Generator (ICEG) for electricity generation at small-scale (100 kW) was developed. Current studies only devote attention to biomass residues and do not explore MSW potential to eschew biomass supply shortage. Conventional systems are generally part of biomass supply chains, limiting flexibility and all year operation for their operators. Experimental data was gathered at a downdraft gasifier to provide a clear assessment of particle and tar concentration in the syngas and levers conditioning a satisfactory ICE operation. Once the potential of using Acacia residues and PMSW has been proven during gasification runs testing, and validation, a set of new conditions was also explored through a high-fidelity CFD model. We find that residues blends have the highest potential to generate high-quality syngas and smallest exposure to supply disruption. Despite both substrates showing potential at specific conditions, they also present individual drawbacks which will be best mitigated by executing a hybrid supply comprising the mix of substrates. An economic model coupling the financial indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period (PBP) considering a project lifetime of 25 years was developed. Cost factors include expenses with electricity generation, initial investment, amortizations and operation and maintenance (containing fuels costs). Revenues were estimated from electricity generated and sales to the national grid. A sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was used to measure the economic model performance and to determine the risk in investing in such venture. The risk appraisal yielded favorable investment projections, with an NPV reaching positive values, an IRR superior to the discount rate and PBP lower than the project life span. This work allowed to confirm the positive effect of the generation of energy from downdraft gasification plants on a small-scale. Regardless of the project’s feasibility, the economic performance depended to a large extent on the electricity prices which present considerable variability and are subject to political decisions.

scholarly journals Treatment of By-Products Generated from Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4933-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Seruga ◽  
Małgorzata Krzywonos ◽  
Marta Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine the possibilities of the treatment of the by-products generated in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW): oxygen stabilization (composting) of the solid digestate and pretreatment with air stripping of the effluents (liquid digestate and leachate from maturation field and reactors from composting). Methods Oxygen stabilization (OS) was performed in full-scale in a mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plant using three different methods, using an open field or enclosed box reactor with aeration. The ammonia stripping was performed in a pilot-scale installation using effluents from AD (liquid digestate) and OS (leachate from maturation field and reactors). Results The lowest self-heating possibility after the OS was recorded at 28.5 °C, which proves that the most stabilized was the sample after processing with structuring material addition. Due to air stripping, the highest efficiency of ammonium ions removal was noted at the level of 50.6%, with an initial pH value of 10.5, after 12 h. Among the examined factors pH value was found to be significant [the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.93]. Conclusions The oxygen stabilization of the digestate requires the structuring material addition before being placed in the reactor with aeration. The inert fraction from the ballistic separation of the OFMSW can be an interesting solution, as required structuring material. Air stripping as the effluents pre-treatment step can meet the MBT plants expectations. Graphic Abstract

Potential Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste of Gwalior City, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530-1534
Author(s):  
Animesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Material Recovery Facility

Abstract: This paper aims at determining the recent composition of municipal solid waste of Gwalior city and provide sa notion to take action and proposed economical & viable waste management technologies and techniques for effective utilization of waste. In this study, MSW samples were collected from the Kedarpur landfill site situated at Shivpuri link road and were analyzed for physical composition. The study reveals that Gwalior city produces a high quantity of biodegradable waste (58.03%) with high moisture content (68.60%) and plastic waste (15.96%). Waste composition and characterization disclosed that vigorous segregation is required before dispatching the waste for different treatment processes or landfilling. Based on this study, we may conclude that the combined mechanism of planning and implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies and treatment such as Anaerobic Digestion/ Bio-methanation, Material recovery facility (MRF), and Bio-remediation/Bio-mining for old existing waste and new generating waste is needed for upgrading the waste management scenario of the city. Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW), Kedarpur Landfill site, Composition & Characteristics, Waste to Energy, Anaerobic Digestion, Bio-Mining, Recycling & Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

The adaptation of waste-to-energy technologies: towards the conversion of municipal solid waste into a renewable energy resource

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-446
Author(s):  
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge ◽  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Hongzhi Ma ◽  
Charity Danyo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Energy Technologies

Currently, there are an estimated 1.3 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated per year globally, and this quantity is predicted to increase to 2.2 billion tonnes annually by 2025. If not well treated, this rapid growth of waste products can lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Waste is potentially a misplaced valuable resource that can be converted and utilized in different ways such as renewable energy resources for the realization of sustainable development. Presently, waste-to-energy technologies (WtETs) are considered to be an encouraging advanced technology that is applied to convert MSW into a renewable energy resource (methane, biogas, biofuels or biodiesel, ethanol, syngas, or alcohol). WtETs can be biochemical (fermentation, anaerobic digestion, landfill with gas capture, and microbial fuel cell), thermochemical (incineration, thermal gasification, and pyrolysis), or chemical (esterification). This review mainly aims to provide an overview of the applications of these technologies by focusing on anaerobic digestion as biological (nonthermal) treatment technologies, and incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification processes as thermal treatment processes. Landfill gas utilization technologies, biological hydrogen production processes, and microbial fuel cells also are assessed. In addition, the contemporary risks and challenges of WtETs are reviewed.

scholarly journals Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Select Waste to Energy Technology for a Mega City: The Case of Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9828
Author(s):  
Anna Kurbatova ◽  
Hani Ahmed Abu-Qdais
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Priority Weights ◽  
Landfill Biogas

In a mega city like Moscow, both municipal solid waste management and energy systems are managed in an unsustainable way. Therefore, utilizing the municipal solid waste to generate energy will help the city in achieving sustainability by decreasing greenhouse gases emissions and the need for land to dispose the solid waste. In this study, various Waste to Energy (WTE) options were evaluated using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select the most appropriate technology for the Moscow region. The developed AHP model consists of 4 levels, which assessed four WTE technologies, namely landfill biogas, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and refuse derived fuel (RDF), using four criteria and nine subcriteria. The pairwise comparison was achieved by soliciting 16 experts’ opinions. The priority weights of various criteria, subcriteria, and alternatives were determined using Expert Choice Software. The developed model indicated that landfill biogas is the preferred option with a global weight of 0.448, followed by the anaerobic digestion with a weight of 0.320 and incineration with a weight of 0.138, while the least preferred technology is the RDF with a weight of 0.094. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the priorities of WTE alternatives are sensitive for the environmental and technical criteria. The developed AHP model can be used by the decision makers in Moscow in the field of WTE.

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