scholarly journals The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Optimal Setting of Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Solar Collectors—A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4612
Author(s):  
Ryszard Myhan ◽  
Karolina Szturo ◽  
Monika Panfil ◽  
Zbigniew Szwejkowski
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Optimal Setting

The potential absorption of solar energy in photovoltaic thermal (PVT) hybrid solar collectors at different tilt angles was compared in the present study. The optimal tilt angles were tested in three variants: during 1 day, 1 year and a period of 30 years. Simulations were performed based on actual weather data for 30 years, including average hourly total radiation, insolation and air temperature. The apparent movement of the Sun across the sky, solar radiation properties, and the electrical and thermal efficiency of a PVT collector were also taken into account in the simulation model. The optimal orientation of the absorber surface was determined by solving an optimization task. The results of the study indicate that in the long-term perspective, the collector’s performance is maximized when the absorber is positioned toward the south at an elevation angle of 34.1°.

scholarly journals Updated Typical Weather Years for the Energy Simulation of Buildings in Mediterranean Climate. A Case Study for Sicily

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Costanzo ◽  
Gianpiero Evola ◽  
Marco Infantone ◽  
Luigi Marletta
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Simulations

Building energy simulations are normally run through Typical Weather Years (TWYs) that reflect the average trend of local long-term weather data. This paper presents a research aimed at generating updated typical weather files for the city of Catania (Italy), based on 18 years of records (2002–2019) from a local weather station. The paper reports on the statistical analysis of the main recorded variables, and discusses the difference with the data included in a weather file currently available for the same location based on measurements taken before the 1970s but still used in dynamic energy simulation tools. The discussion also includes a further weather file, made available by the Italian Thermotechnical Committee (CTI) in 2015 and built upon the data registered by the same weather station but covering a much shorter period. Three new TWYs are then developed starting from the recent data, according to well-established procedures reported by ASHRAE and ISO standards. The paper discusses the influence of the updated TWYs on the results of building energy simulations for a typical residential building, showing that the cooling and heating demand can differ by 50% or even 65% from the simulations based on the outdated weather file.

scholarly journals Spatial Development of the 1507–1510 Plague in Poland and Its Consequences. Kalisz District Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tomasz Związek
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Settlement Changes

AbstractThe article discusses the causes and effects of the plague which is said to have spread over many Polish towns in 1507. The focus is on its possible causes, related to the occurrence of droughts and floods in Central Europe in the late 15th and early 16th century. Available sources from the late mediaeval period have also been analysed for the recorded perceptions of the extreme climatic and weather conditions. Special attention has been paid to the issues of intensity and spatial distribution of the effects of the plague on the example of one district. The analysis covered a variety of issues such as settlement changes, prices of basic goods or even some pollen data. The main results of the study indicate that the climatic extremes at the turn of the 16th century exerted a long-term impact on the society and economy of the region. They also contributed to the abandonment of settlements on rural sites.

scholarly journals Comparison of long-term Moscow and Danish NLC observations: statistical results

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2841-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dalin ◽  
S. Kirkwood ◽  
H. Andersen ◽  
O. Hansen ◽  
N. Pertsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Noctilucent Clouds ◽  
Characteristic Scale ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
First Time ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Statistical Results

Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are the highest clouds in the Earth's atmosphere, observed close to the mesopause at 80–90 km altitudes. Systematic NLC observations conducted in Moscow for the period of 1962–2005 and in Denmark for 1983–2005 are compared and statistical results both for seasonally summarized NLC parameters and for individual NLC appearances are described. Careful attention is paid to the weather conditions during each season of observations. This turns out to be a very important factor both for the NLC case study and for long-term data set analysis. Time series of seasonal values show moderate similarity (taking into account the weather conditions) but, at the same time, the comparison of individual cases of NLC occurrence reveals substantial differences. There are positive trends in the Moscow and Danish normalized NLC brightness as well as nearly zero trend in the Moscow normalized NLC occurrence frequency but these long-term changes are not statistically significant. The quasi-ten-year cycle in NLC parameters is about 1 year shorter than the solar cycle during the same period. The characteristic scale of NLC fields is estimated for the first time and it is found to be less than 800 km.

scholarly journals Streamflow and weather conditions of seven small coastal watersheds, British Columbia, Canada, 2013–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje C. Korver ◽  
Emily Haughton ◽  
William C. Floyd ◽  
Ian J. W. Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Coastal Watersheds ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
Data Gap

Abstract. Hydrometeorological observations of small watersheds of the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (NPCTR) of North America are important to understand land to ocean ecological connections and to provide the scientific basis for regional environmental management decisions. The Hakai Institute operates a densely networked and long-term hydrometeorological monitoring observatory, that fills a spatial data gap in the remote and sparsely gauged outer coast of the NPCTR. Here we present the first five water years (October 2013–October 2019) of hourly streamflow and weather data from seven small (< 13 km2), coastal watersheds. Average yearly rainfall was 3267 mm, resulting in 2317 mm of runoff and 0.1087 km3 of freshwater exports from all seven watersheds per year. However, rainfall and runoff were highly variable depending on location and elevation. The seven watersheds have rainfall-dominated (pluvial) streamflow regimes, streamflow responses are rapid and most water exports are driven by high-intensity fall and winter storm events. Measuring rainfall and streamflow in remote and topographically complex rainforest environments is challenging, hence advanced and novel automated measurement methods were used. These methods, specifically for stream flow measurement allowed us to quantify uncertainty and identify key sources of error, which varied by gauging location. Links to the complete dataset, watershed delineations with metrics, and calculation scripts can be found in Sect. 6 and 7.

scholarly journals Weather risk management in marine survey campaigns for the offshore investment projects in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kubacka ◽  
Maciej Matczak ◽  
Maciej Kałas ◽  
Lucjan Gajewski ◽  
Marcin Burchacz
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Weather Risk Management

AbstractWeather is a crucial factor and the most unpredictable of all the factors determining success or failure of any offshore activity, such as investments in seabottom grid connectors (gas, energy or communication), oil & gas drilling facilities development as well as erection of offshore wind farms. Weather conditions cannot be foreseen accurately over a time horizon longer than a few days, and so arranging a realistic work schedule for such an enterprise poses a great challenge. This paper identifies and analyzes the greatest risks associated with weather conditions at sea. The importance and impact of weather on the project implementation were assessed and mitigating measures were proposed. As part of the work, a review of scientific literature was conducted, while the core conclusions were reached using the information-gathering techniques and a documentation review of the offshore projects implemented in cooperation with the Maritime Institute. The authors based their analysis on experience from survey campaigns conducted in the Baltic Sea in the areas of the investments planned for implementation. The analysis of risks associated with weather conditions is based on the statistical weather data obtained using the WAM4 model.The research reveals that it is impossible to create an accurate survey schedule for long-term offshore projects, however, using statistics for each individual hydrodynamic parameter can, to some extent, facilitate the creation of survey schedules for maritime projects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Leachate Production from a Municipal Solid-Waste Landfill through Water-Balance Modeling

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Beck-Broichsitter ◽  
Horst Gerke ◽  
Rainer Horn
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Lateral Drainage ◽  
D Model

Mineral temporary capping systems of landfills are required to accomplish the long-term coverage prerequisites or to use them as a basis layer prior to later permanent sealing. Such a capping system for a municipal waste landfill in Rastorf (Northern Germany) was developed and tested for its sealing capability on the basis of observed and simulated water balance components for the period between 2008 and 2015, considering observed local weather data and complemented by the Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP 3.95 D) model. The modeling results of this case study could be improved by the correction of previously used global solar radiation data due to the consideration of exposure and inclination angle of landfill surface areas. The model could positively be validated by comparing observed and simulated outflow (surface runoff and lateral drainage) data with R2 values ranging between 0.95 and 0.99, as well as for the leachate rates with R2 values of 0.78–0.87. The statistical-empirical HELP model was found useful in predicting the leachate generation of a temporary landfill capping system for specific soil and site conditions, even if only a restricted set of observed data was available.

Accuracy of Weather Data in Long-Term Pavement Performance Program Database

2000 ◽  
Vol 1699 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Lung Wu ◽  
Gonzalo R. Rada ◽  
Aramis Lopez ◽  
Yingwu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weighting Scheme ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
National Climatic Data Center ◽  
Weather Stations

To provide accurate climatic data for pavements under the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program, a climatic database was developed in 1992 and subsequently revised and expanded in 1998. In the development of this database, up to five nearby weather stations were selected for each test site. Pertinent weather data for the selected weather stations were obtained from the U.S. National Climatic Data Center and the Canadian Climatic Center. With a 1/ R2 weighting scheme, site-specific climatic data were derived from the nearby weather station data. The derived data were referred to as “virtual”weather data. To evaluate the effect of environmental factors on pavement performance and design, automated weather stations (AWS) were installed at LTPP Specific Pavement Study Projects 1, 2, and 8 to collect on-site weather data. Since the virtual weather data were developed for all LTPP test sites and will be used for future pavement performance studies, it is essential that the derived virtual data be accurate and representative of the actual onsite climatic conditions. The availability of the AWS weather data has provided an opportunity to evaluate whether virtual weather data can be used to represent on-site weather conditions. Daily temperature data and monthly temperature and precipitation data were used in this experiment. On the basis of the comparisons made between the virtual and onsite measured (AWS) data, it appears that climatic data derived from nearby weather stations using the 1/R2 weighting scheme estimate the actual weather data reasonably well and thus can be used to represent on-site weather conditions in pavement research and design.

ПУТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ И РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА АГРОЦЕНОЗОВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
N.N. Dubenok ◽  
A.V. Mayer ◽  
S.V. Borodychev
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Regions Of Russia

На основе анализа многолетних метеоданных в южных регионах России, где преобладает жаркий и сухой климат, предложена универсальная многофункциональная система комбинированного орошения, применение которой позволит управлять физиологическим процессом агроценозов, поддерживать поливной режим и в зависимости от погодных условий регулировать гидротермический режим сельскохозяйственных, плодовых и ягодных культур.Based on the analysis of long-term weather data, in the southern regions of Russia, where the hot and dry climate prevails, a universal multifunctional system of combined irrigation is proposed, the use of which will allow controlling the physiological process of agrocenoses, maintaining the irrigation regime and depending on weather conditions, regulating the hydrothermal regime of agricultural, fruit and berry cultures.

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