scholarly journals Lattice and Tubular Steel Wind Turbine Towers. Comparative Structural Investigation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6325
Author(s):  
Nafsika Stavridou ◽  
Efthymios Koltsakis ◽  
Charalampos C. Baniotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Lattice Towers ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Tower Height ◽  
Wind Power Development

Renewable energy is expected to experience epic growth in the coming decade, which is reflected in the record new installations since 2010. Wind energy, in particular, has proved its leading role among sustainable energy production means, by the accelerating rise in total installed capacity and by its consistently increasing trend. Taking a closer look at the history of wind power development, it is obvious that it has always been a matter of engineering taller turbines with longer blades. An increase in the tower height means an increase in the material used, thereby, impacting the initial construction cost and the total energy consumed. In the present study, a numerical investigation is carried out in order to actively compare conventional cylindrical shell towers with lattice towers in terms of material use, robustness and environmental impact. Lattice structures are proved to be equivalently competitive to conventional cylindrical solutions since they can be designed to be robust enough while being a much lighter tower in terms of material use. With detailed design, lattice wind turbine towers can constitute the new generation of wind turbine towers.

scholarly journals USA Wind Energy-Caused Bat Fatalities Increase with Shorter Fatality Search Intervals

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
K. Shawn Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
National Level ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Tower Height ◽  
Project Level ◽  
Search Interval

Wind turbine collision fatalities of bats have likely increased with the rapid expansion of installed wind energy capacity in the USA since the last national-level fatality estimates were generated in 2012. An assumed linear increase of fatalities with installed capacity would expand my estimate of bat fatalities across the USA from 0.89 million in 2012 to 1.11 million in 2014 and to 1.72 million in 2019. However, this assumed linear relationship could have been invalidated by shifts in turbine size, tower height, fatality search interval during monitoring, and regional variation in bat fatalities. I tested for effects of these factors in fatality monitoring reports through 2014. I found no significant relationship between bat fatality rates and wind turbine size. Bat fatality rates increased with increasing tower height, but this increase mirrored the increase in fatality rates with shortened fatality search intervals that accompanied the increase in tower heights. Regional weighting of mean project-level bat fatalities increased the national-level estimate 17% to 1.3 (95% CI: 0.15–3.0) million. After I restricted the estimate’s basis to project-level fatality rates that were estimated from fatality search intervals <10 days, my estimate increased by another 71% to 2.22 (95% CI: 1.77–2.72) million bat fatalities in the USA’s lower 48 states in 2014. Project-level fatality estimates based on search intervals <10 days were, on average, eight times higher than estimates based on longer search intervals. Shorter search intervals detected more small-bodied species, which contributed to a larger all-bat fatality estimate.

scholarly journals Influence of external loads to wind turbine tower

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Marin Petrovic ◽  
Nejra Isic
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Wind Turbine Tower ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Lattice Towers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
External Loads

One of the most important parts of a wind turbine is a tower. There are various designs of the wind turbine towers, and they are most often made of steel pipes, lattice towers or concrete towers. In order to increase energy density to meet the growing electricity needs, larger wind turbine projects have been developed. Larger wind turbine towers can generate more electricity, but such large sizes also create higher costs in terms of development and maintenance. This research sets up a model of a wind turbine tower, where the load to the tower is calculated by its relation to the wind velocity. Analytical approach coupled with a finite element method (FEM) is used to analyse the distribution of tower stresses under these loads. The fatigue analysis of the column is performed using the load from its own weight, the weight of the housing and the distribution of the wind velocity. The effects of different loads are also compared. The results show that the main loads of the tower are the wind force acting on the area of ??rotation of the wind turbine blades and the moment caused by the uneven wind velocity. Construction is modelled using SolidWorks modelling package, where the analysis was performed using FEM in ANSYS software. As a result of the analysis, the stress distribution in the support was determined and compared with analytical calculations.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEM- AND ACTIVITY-BASED APPROACH IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Ирина Борисовна Адушева ◽  
Наталья Борисовна Смирнова
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Paradigm ◽  
New Generation

В статье раскрыта актуальность применения деятельностного подхода в отечественной педагогике и история его развития в системе образования. Определено понятие «деятельности» и деятельностного подхода, рассмотрены этапы претворения в жизнь «развивающего обучения» в педагогической деятельности с точки зрения теории Л. С. Выготского. Рассмотрен переход от знаниевой к личностной парадигме обучения. Определены ведущие роли учителя и ученика в процессе использования деятельностного подхода. Проанализировано развитие психологической, социологической и методологической теорий деятельностного подхода. Обозначены особенности реализации деятельностного подхода от 80-х гг. XX века до наших дней. Выделены проблемные зоны деятельстного подхода в условиях его реализации в общеобразовательной школе.На сегодняшний день установлена необходимость разработки методики реализации деятельностного подхода в условиях ФГОС нового поколения и созданияучебных пособий, а также актуальность применения проблемного урока в учебной деятельности педагога. Также сделаны выводы о необходимости данного подхода в современной педагогике, проведен анализ научной литературы по данному вопросу, сформированы выводы о необходимости дополнить системно-деятельностный подход в условиях современного мира и необходимости внедрения новых путей решения проблемы. ФГОС начального образования предопределяет развитие творческих способностей и духовно-нравственного развития обучающихся, в том числе и на уроках изобразительного искусства при изучении декоративно-прикладного искусства. Сложность заключается в том, что успешное воплощение в жизнь системно-деятельностного подхода в последующем встречает трудности на своем пути. Формирование универсальных учебных действий требует реализации нескольких взаимодополняющих подходов. The article reveals the relevance of using the activity approach in Russian pedagogy and the history of its development in the education system. The authors define the concept of activity and an activity-based approach, consider the stages of implementation of “developmental teaching” in the activity of pedagogical society according to L. S. Vygotsky's theoretical research. They also consider the transition from knowledge to personal paradigm of education; determine the leading role of teacher and student in the process of using the activity-based approach; analyze the development of psychological, sociological and methodological theories of the activity-based approach; determine the features of the implementation of the activity-based approach from the 80s of the 20th century to the present day; reveals the problem areas of the activity-based approach in the conditions of its implementation in a general education school.Today, there has been established the need for the development of methods for the implementation of the activity-based approach in the context of the new generation FSES and the creation of teaching aids, as well as the relevance of using a problem lesson in the educational activities of a teacher. The authors concluded that the need for this approach in modern pedagogy, carried out the analysis of scientific literature on this issue, drew the conclusions about the need to supplement the system- and activity-based approach in the modern world and the need to introduce new ways to solve the problem. The FSES of primary education predetermines the development of creative abilities and spiritual and moral development of pupils, including the lessons of Fine Arts when studying decorative and applied arts. The difficulty is in the fact that successful implementation of the system- and activity-based approach in primary school subsequently encounters some difficulties. The formation of universal educational actions requires the implementation of several complementary approaches.

From Propaganda to Scholarship: Dr Joseph Schechtman and the Origins of Israeli Polemics on the Palestinian Refugees

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masalha
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
Population Transfer ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arab States ◽  
Refugee Problem ◽  
Secret History

In 1948 an official ‘Transfer Committee’ was appointed by the Israeli Cabinet to plan the Palestinian refugees' resettlement in the Arab states. Apart from doing everything possible to reduce the Arab population in Israel, the Transfer Committee sought to amplify and consolidate the demographic transformation of Palestine by: preventing the Palestinian refugees from returning to their homes; the destruction of Arab villages; settlement of Jews in Arab villages and towns; and launching a propaganda campaign to discourage Arab return. One of the Transfer Committee's initiatives was to invite Dr Joseph Schechtman, a right-wing Zionist Revisionist leader and expert on ‘population transfer’, to join its efforts. In 1952 Schechtman published a propagandists work entitled The Arab Refugee Problem. Since then Schechtman would become the single most influential propagator of the Zionist myth of ‘voluntary’ exodus in 1948. This article examines the leading role played by Schechtman in promoting Israeli propaganda and politics of denial. Relying on newly-discovered Israeli archival documents, the article deals with little known and new aspects of the secret history of the post-1948 period.

Wind load response of offshore wind turbine towers with fixed monopile platform

2016 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Feyzollahzadeh ◽  
M.J. Mahmoodi ◽  
S.M. Yadavar-Nikravesh ◽  
J. Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers

Epidemics and History: Multiple Approaches to the Subject

2021 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Mikhel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.

The Humboldt-University and Its Rivals Under the Market Science Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Ilya T. Kasavin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Trading Zones ◽  
First Case ◽  
Humboldt University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
The University

In the modern rankings of higher education institutions almost monopolistic American universities (Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, etc.) play the leading role promoting the idea of the “entrepreneurial university”. The classic European university fails in the competition, and the idea of the Humboldt University is losing credibility. Our assumption is that this situation is in the large part due to the historical identity of civilizational missions, elites and forms of communica­tion (“trading zones”) that initiated these types of universities. The comparative history of European and American universities demonstrates that in the first case philosophers played a leading role in achieving the goals of cultural policy, and in the second, there were managers who won in the economic competition. European and American universities were, in different proportions, culture-forming centers and factors of economic development. University reforms were usually initiated from outside: these are its competitors and sponsors, politi­cians, and entrepreneurs. Who exactly takes on the functions of the moderator in the trading zones is a key question for the university’s fate. If a business model-oriented manager builds cooperation, then the university becomes the embodiment of academic capitalism. If a cultural policy is implemented in the interdisciplinary interaction of scientists themselves, then there is a chance to measure the university's development with humanistic values and the ethos of science.

Comparison Of Drugs in Patients Using New Generation Anticoagulants

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Arslan Say ◽  
Abdülkadir ÇAKMAK ◽  
Gökhan KESKİN ◽  
Erdinç PELİT ◽  
Yılmaz ÖZBAY
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
N 93 ◽  
New Generation

Aim: New generation anticoagulants rapidly find a wider area of use in the clinic due to the use problems of other oral anticoagulants. Anticoagulants such as Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban with safer treatment intervals have been accepted in clinical practice guidelines and have taken their place as preferred drugs. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively examine the effects of three new-generation anticoagulant drugs on a group of patients. Material and Methods: In this retrospectively planned study, patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (n = 522) were divided into three groups according to the drugs used for treatment (Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban). Routine blood values of the patients in each group were retrospectively scanned according to age, gender, time of drug initiation and presence of chronic disease. Results: According to the results obtained, it was found that the mean HCT, BUN, AST, ALT, MPV, Iron, and Ferritin were higher in patients using Apixaban than those using Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban drugs, but the age, average values of Hgb1 Hgb2, Hgb1, PLT, CrCl, Gfr and INR of the patients using Apixaban lower than those using Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban. The highest rate (22.5%) was found in the group of patients taking apixaban (n=93) when people taking the drugs were examined in terms of mortality. Conclusion: It has been observed that Rivaroxaban can be used more safely in patients with a history of acute cancer and thrombosis, patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism, and patients with high frailty, three drugs should be preferred instead of oral anticoagulants.

United Kingdom Policy Towards Universal Jurisdiction Since the Post-War Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Amina Adanan
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Atrocity Crimes

Abstract From the 17th century onwards, Britain played a leading role in asserting the application of the universality principle to international piracy, the first crime to which the principle applied. Thereafter, during the quest for abolition, it exercised universality over slave traders at sea. With the exercise of universal jurisdiction over atrocity crimes in the post-War period there was a notable shift in the UK position to the principle. This article traces the history of UK policy towards the application of the universality principle to atrocity crimes since wwii. Using archival research from the UK National Archives and the travaux préparatoires to international treaties, it analyses UK policy towards the inclusion of universal jurisdiction in international treaties concerning atrocity crimes. It argues that historically, the UK supported the application of the principle to atrocity crimes committed during an international armed conflict, as this position supported its interests. The nexus between universal jurisdiction and international armed conflict shielded colonial abuses from prosecution in foreign courts. Once the colonial period had come to an end, there was a shift in UK support for the inclusion of universal jurisdiction in international treaties, which is evident since the negotiation of uncat and the Rome Statute.

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