scholarly journals A Financial Evaluation of a Multiple Inclination, Rooftop-Mounted, Photovoltaic System Where Structured Tariffs Apply: A Case Study of a South African Shopping Centre

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Dirk van Vuuren ◽  
Annlizé Marnewick ◽  
Jan Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Northerly Direction ◽  
Pv Modules

Fundamental mathematical principles were applied to calculate the return on investment (ROI) of a multiple inclination, rooftop-mounted, photovoltaic (PV) system that is connected to a structured tariff network. Recent history has seen a disproportionate increase in electricity tariffs within South Africa, enabling an increase in the deployment rates of PV technologies. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with simulating the electricity yield of a PV system, it can become difficult to estimate the ROI in advance. This study contributes to existing knowledge by presenting a process for calculating the ROI of a case study rooftop-mounted PV system using mathematical first principles where structured tariffs apply. The PV modules were mounted to a curved roof structure, ranging from 9° towards a southerly direction to 10° towards a northerly direction. The research results indicate that since the PV system is located within the southern hemisphere, the ROI will increase when PV modules are orientated towards the northerly direction to attain a maximum of R0.0059/Wp/Day at 10°, and a minimum of R0.0025/Wp/Day at 9° towards the southerly direction in the winter season. Summer maximum ROI yielded an average of between R0.0050/Wp/Day and R0.0052/Wp/Day, irrespective of the angle of inclination of the PV modules. It was concluded that PV systems must be designed to favour winter electricity production for increased ROI where structured tariffs apply within a South African context.

scholarly journals Validation of a Simulation-Based Pre-Assessment Process for Solar Photovoltaic Technology Implemented on Rooftops of South African Shopping Centres

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Johan van Vuuren ◽  
Annlizé L. Marnewick ◽  
Jan Harm C. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Return ◽  
Private Investors

The existing processes that determines the yield of a photovoltaic (PV) system before construction commences are fairly unstructured. Research that defines a structured process for simulation purposes is limited. This article builds on prior research where a proposed structured pre-assessment process, which may be applied before construction commences, was generated so that electricity yield from a PV system can be predicted with a higher degree of accuracy, and then subsequently optimized. By implementing the proposed pre-assessment process, calculating the future return on investment (ROI) by private investors is simplified, given that the existing process is restrictive. The research used the results from a South African case study over 24 months to ascertain the validity of the proposed pre-assessment process. The validation process includes analyzing the load demand of the shopping centre before and after the PV system was constructed, comparing the electricity yield from the PV system to the simulation results obtained in the preceding research, and amending the proposed pre-assessment process accordingly for improved electricity estimation. The case study shopping centre operates in Johannesburg, Gauteng, and consumes approximately 5000 kVA under maximum load.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Installation of Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Complied with Thailand Energy Building Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Pathomthat Chiradeja ◽  
Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Pv System

Renewable energy especially solar energy has become a significant part in electrical power generation with its advantage in the environmentally friendly and current trend of decrease in installation cost. The photovoltaic (PV) system on a rooftop is one of the power generating system based on renewable energy that can fit building to utilize space efficiently. This paper is analyzing the feasibility of installing a solar PV rooftop on the building using a case study building located in Bangkok, Thailand. The performance will be evaluated in term of both energy and economic perspective. The comparison with Thailand building energy code also been done to show that overall energy consumption with PV system complies with the law. The result has shown that with rooftop photovoltaic system installation, annual energy consumption in the building can be reduced significantly and it can achieve feasibility in term of economic perspective.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Hypothetical 1-Hectare PV Plant in the Benguela Region. The First Year of Operation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinho ◽  
Luís Ramos ◽  
Zenaida Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Average Energy ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Pv Modules

The presents study evaluates the performance of a hypothetical 1-hectare solar photovoltaic (PV) plant located in the Baía Azul Beach, in Benguela, Angola. The first year performance of the plant composed by 2,784 DuoMax 365 PV modules from Trina Solar Company was evaluated by means of the VelaSolaris Polysum software package. The total surface area of the PV modules was of 5,456.64 m2. The annual alternate current electricity production was of 1,511.70 MWh allowing a total of 710.47 tCO2 of CO2 emissions reduction and a performance ratio of 72.8 %. The annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of the PV system were respectively of of 14.3 % and 14.7 %.

scholarly journals Thermographic and electrical characterization of a photovoltaic panel under partial shading conditions: a case study

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bucci ◽  
Fabrizio Ciancetta ◽  
Edoardo Fiorucci ◽  
Antonio Delle Femine
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Consequent Reduction

<p class="Abstract">Shading is one of the most critical factors that produces a reduction in power in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The main causes of shading are related to cloud cover; local specificity; natural characteristics; building and other civil works; and the presence of the PV system itself. A reduction in overall radiation produces a consequent reduction in electric power. Another more problematic effect is associated with the partial shading of the PV modules. The shaded cell behaves as a load, dissipating energy and increasing its temperature. This effect can involve irreversible changes to the PV module, with a decrease in performance that can even cause the destruction of the shaded cell.</p><p>The main aim of this work is the development of a testing procedure for the performance evaluation of commercial PV modules in the presence of partial shading on one cell. Tests were carried out using thermographic and electric measurements and by varying the shading levels according to IEC standards. Shading up to total darkening is achieved by means of a number of filters that reduce the direct solar irradiance.</p><p>As a case study, a complete characterisation of a 180 Wp polycrystalline PV module was performed according to the proposed testing procedure, showing that high temperatures can be measured on the shaded PV module surface even if only 50 % of the surface of one cell of the PV module is darkened.</p>

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a hypothetical 1-hectare PV plant in the Benguela region. The first year of operation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinho ◽  
Luís Ramos ◽  
Zenaida Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Average Energy ◽  
Alternate Current ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Pv Modules

The presents study evaluates the performance of a hypothetical 1-hectare solar photovoltaic (PV) plant located in the Baía Azul Beach, in Benguela, Angola. The first year performance of the plant composed by 2,784 DuoMax 365 PV modules from Trina Solar Company was evaluated by means of the VelaSolaris Polysum software package. The total surface area of the PV modules was of 5,456.64 m2. The annual alternate current electricity production was of 1,511.70 MWh allowing a total of 710.47 tCO2 of CO2 emissions reduction and a performance ratio of 72.8 %. The annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of the PV system were respectively of of 14.3 % and 14.7 %.

scholarly journals A Quadratically Constrained Optimization Problem for Determining the Optimal Nominal Power of a PV System in Net-Metering Model: A Case Study for Croatia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Luka Budin ◽  
Goran Grdenić ◽  
Marko Delimar
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Discrete Optimization Problem ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Quadratically Constrained ◽  
The Impact

The world’s demand for electrical energy is increasing rapidly while the use of fossil fuels is getting limited more and more by energy policies and the need for reducing the impact of climate change. New sources of energy are required to fulfill the world’s demand for electricity and they are currently found in renewable sources of energy, especially in solar and wind power. Choosing the optimal PV nominal power minimizes the unnecessary surplus of electrical energy that is exported to the grid and thus is not making any impact on the grid more than necessary. Oversizing the PV system according to the Croatian net-metering model results in switching the calculation of the costs to the prosumer model which results in a decrease of the project’s net present value (NPV) and an increase in the payback period (PP). This paper focuses on formulating and solving the optimization problem for determining the optimal nominal power of a grid-connected PV system with a case study for Croatia using multiple scenarios in the variability of electricity production and consumption. In this paper, PV systems are simulated in the power range that corresponds to a typical annual high-tariff consumption in Croatian households. Choosing the optimal power of the PV system maximizes the investor’s NPV of the project as well as savings on the electricity costs. The PP is also minimized and is determined by the PV production, household consumption, discount rate, and geographic location. The optimization problem is classified as a quadratically constrained discrete optimization problem, where the value of the optimal PV power is not a continuous variable because the PV power changes with a step of one PV panel power. Modeling and simulations are implemented in Python using the Gurobi optimization solver.

scholarly journals Leakage Current Mitigation of Photovoltaic System Using Optimized Predictive Control for Improved Efficiency

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Routray ◽  
Sung-Ho Hur
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

This paper proposes an optimized predictive control strategy to mitigate the potential leakage current of grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems to improve the lifespans of PV modules. In this work, the PV system is controlled with an optimized predictive control algorithm that selects the switching voltage vectors intelligently to reduce the number of computational burdens. Thus, it improves the dynamic performance of the overall system. This is achieved through a specific cost function that minimizes the change in common-mode voltage generated by the parasitic capacitance of PV modules. The proposed controller does not require any additional modulation schemes. Normalization techniques and weighting factors are incorporated to obtain improved results. The steady state and dynamic performance of the proposed control scheme is validated in this work through simulations and a 600 W experimental laboratory prototype.

The Time-Variant Degradation of a Photovoltaic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charki ◽  
R. Laronde ◽  
D. Bigaud
Keyword(s):  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules

This article presents a method developed for carrying out the energy production estimation considering the energy losses in different components of a photovoltaic (PV) system and its downtime effect. The studied system is a grid-connected photovoltaic system including PV modules, wires, and inverter. PV systems are sensitive to environmental conditions (UV radiation, temperature, humidity) and all components are subjected to electrical losses. The proposed method allows obtaining the production of photovoltaic system and its availability during a specified period using meteorological data. The calculation of the production takes into account the downtime periods when no energy is delivered in the grid during this period. The time-to-failure and the time-to-repair of photovoltaic system are considered following a Weibull distribution. This method permits to have a best estimation of the production throughout the lifetime of the photovoltaic system.

scholarly journals The impact of using batteries in micro PV system on profitability of the investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Chwieduk ◽  
Michał Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family House

The paper presents the results of calculations of energy consumption and economic analysis of the operation of micro photovoltaic installations. Calculations have been made for a single-family house with an energy demand based on real electricity consumption. Two cases have been considered. In the first one, the photovoltaic system contains only PV modules and an inverter. Energy produced is sent to the power grid. In the second case, the PV system also contains batteries. Because of existing regulation conditions, it is better to accumulate produced energy than to sell it to the grid. Costs of construction of the PV systems and money savings during operation of the PV systems have been compared. Conclusions of profitability of analyzed systems have been presented.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Photovoltaic Systems: A case study URERMS Adrar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bouraiou ◽  
Ammar Neçaibia ◽  
Rachid Dabou ◽  
Abderrezzaq Ziane ◽  
Nordine Sahouane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Generator

The electrical energy generation via the Photovoltaic system is widely utilized in the world especially in the countries where it is characterized by considerable potential of solar energy. PV systems are affected by several factors that can reduce its efficiency such as PV generator aging, failures. Photovoltaic systems monitoring is a important task for guaranteeing the reliability and stability of PV system operation. This paper addresses the monitoring of PV systems in renewable energy research unit in the Saharan region (URERMS) Adrar, through to give an insigth about the methods of measuring, acquisition, data storage of monitored parameters. In addition, the existing problems for insuring the suitable solution.

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