scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review of Effervescent-Swirl Atomizers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2876
Author(s):  
Krystian Czernek ◽  
Michał Hyrycz ◽  
Andżelika Krupińska ◽  
Magdalena Matuszak ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Basic Features

This paper presents issues in the field of theory, construction, calculations, as well as the design of effervescent-swirl atomizers. The results of experimental studies of spraying liquids with different physico-chemical properties for this type of atomizers are discussed. Effervescent-swirl atomization is a complex process and its mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of the manuscript is the complexity of the atomization process and its mechanism as well as the influence of individual parameters on its efficiency were thoroughly analyzed. The analyzed parameters include: atomizer design, outlet shape, gas and liquid flow rate, injection pressure, physicochemical properties of the atomized liquid, pressure drop, outflow coefficient, spray angle, quantitative droplet distributions, and average droplet diameter. Moreover, in the work, on the basis of the literature review, the results of the research related to, inter alia, the phenomenon of air core formation and the influence of a number of parameters on the efficiency of the atomization process are analyzed. The literature review included in the work makes it possible to better understand the atomization process carried out in effervescent-swirl atomizers, and also provides better design criteria and analysis of the efficiency of the tested devices. The article presents correlation equations covering the basic features of the atomization process, which relate a large number of parameters influencing the efficiency of this process and the character of the sprayed liquid, which may be useful in design practice.

scholarly journals LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENSET STARCH: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrham Wondimu ◽  
Fantahun Molla ◽  
Subas Chandra Dinda ◽  
Naod Gebre-Samuel ◽  
Ebisa Tadese Tadese
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Physico Chemical

The Development Problems of Two-Fuel Burner for the Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu Vasilyev ◽  
O. G. Chelebyan ◽  
A. I. Maiorova ◽  
A. N. Tarasenko ◽  
D. S. Tarasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Preliminary Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure ◽  
Air Channels

Abstract The work is devoted to the design of a spraying device for the combustion chamber GTE-65.1 on liquid fuel. The paper presents the following results: 1) The 3D calculations of the air channels characteristics for two burners types — pilot and main — were carried out. Data were obtained on the flow and pressure fields inside and at the burners outlet, and also the volumes of the reverse flow zones. 2) The main and pilot nozzles have been designed for the two spraying devices types. The values of droplet dispersity and spray angle were obtained, depending on the fuel injection pressure. 3) Based on the calculations carried out, the models of two spraying liquid fuel devices were designed and manufactured, the design of which is based on the design of the single-fuel combustion chamber (CC) on natural gas burners for GTE-65.1. At the next stage of the work, it is planned to carry out experimental studies of the two devices models aimed at obtaining an aerosol mixture with the desired properties to ensure uninterrupted operation of the GTE-65.1 on liquid fuel. Some preliminary experimental data are presented in this paper.

The Effects of Surfactant on Simplex Nozzle Spray Behavior and its Comparison to Liquid Fuels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Davanlou ◽  
Joshua Lee ◽  
Saptarshi Basu ◽  
Ranganathan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Breakup Length

Pressure-swirl nozzles (simplex nozzles) are used in various field applications such as aero-engines, power generation, spray painting and agricultural irrigation. For this particular nozzle, research in the past decade has dealt with the development of numerical models for predicting droplet distribution profiles. Although these results have been valuable, the experimental results have been contradictory, therefore fundamental understanding of the influence of properties in nozzle is important. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of surfactants on breakup and coalescence. Since most of the fuels and biofuels have low surface tension compared to water, a comparative analysis between a surfactant solution and a liquid fuel is imperative. For this experimental study, a simplex nozzle characterized as flow number 0.4 will be utilized. The injection pressures will range from 0.3–4Mpa while altering the surface tension from 72 to 28mN/m. By applying Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry (PDPA) which is a non-intrusive laser diagnostic technique, the differences in spray characteristics due to spray surface tension can be highlighted. The average droplet diameter decreases for a low surface tension fluid in the axial direction in comparison to pure water. The average velocity of droplets is surprisingly lower in the same spray zone. Measurements made in the radial direction show no significant changes, but at the locations close to the nozzle, water droplets have larger diameter and velocity. The results indicate the breakup and coalescence regimes have been altered when surface tension is lowered. A decrease in surface tension alters the breakup length while increasing the spray angle. Moreover, higher injection pressure shortens the breakup length and decrease in overall diameter of the droplets. By performing this experimental study the fundamentals of spray dynamics, such as spray formation, liquid breakup length, and droplet breakup regimes can be observed as a function of surface tension and how a surrogate fuel compares with a real fuel for experimental purposes. This knowledge potentially will lead to designing a better atomizer or new biofuels.

scholarly journals Effects of fluoride salt addition to the physico-chemical properties of the MgCl2-NaCl-KCl heat transfer fluid : a molecular dynamics study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguang Zhou ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Mathieu Salanne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Concentrated solar plants are promising solutions for electricity production. In these plants, the heat transfer fluid plays an important role, and finding systems with good thermal properties is very important. In this regard, molten salts, and more particularly molten chlorides, are currently investigated. Experimental studies of these melts are difficult and expensive, so complementing them with simulations would allow to test a wider range of compositions. In this work, we show that classical molecular dynamics simulations are suitable for predicting the properties of a ternary salt composed of MgCl2, KCl and NaCl by extensive comparisons with experimental data (and previous simulations) on the density, heat capacity, viscosity and thermal conductivity. We then study the effect of adding fluoride ions in the melt on these properties in order to investigate the suitability of mixed chlorides-fluorides for future heat transfer fluids studies.

scholarly journals Effects of Injection Pressure on Diesel Engine Particle Physico-Chemical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xu ◽  
Xinling Li ◽  
Chun Guan ◽  
Zhen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Residual fuel atomization process simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Oleh KLYUS ◽  
Nadezhda ZAMIATINA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

The process of atomization of fuel in engines with compression ignition is determining in organization of the combustion process, the result of which are the economic and environmental performance of the engine. One of the main parameters of the spray jet fuel is the mean droplet diameter. The article presents the results of analytical and experimental studies by the definition of mean diameter of Sauter droplet of atomized residual fuel IFO380.

scholarly journals Azo-hydrazone tautomerism of aryl azo pyridone dyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Mirkovic ◽  
Gordana Uscumlic ◽  
Aleksandar Marinkovic ◽  
Dusan Mijin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Disperse Dyes ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Azo Group ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Hydrazone Form

In the last three or four decades disperse dyes derived from pyridones (in particular azo pyridone dyes) have gained in importance, and are widely used in various fields. These compounds have excellent coloration properties, and are suitable for the dyeing of polyester fabrics. Basic features of these dyes are simplicity of their synthesis by diazotation and azo coupling. They generally have high molar extinction coefficient with medium to high light and wet fastness. The absorption maxima of these dyes show their visible absorption wavelength ranging from yellow to orange, which can be attributed to poorly delocalized electrons in the pyridone ring. However, there are several dyes with deep colors such as red or violet. Pyridone dyes with alkyl and aryl groups in ortho position to azo group show 2-pyridone/2-hydroxypyridine tautomerism, while those containing OH and NHR groups conjugated with the azo group show azo-hydrazone tautomerism. Determining azo-hydrazone tautomerism could be therefore interesting, since the tautomers have different physico-chemical properties and most importantly different coloration. The literature on azo-hydrazone tautomerism, determination of equilibrium position, and investigation of substituent and solvent influence on tautomerism has been summarized in the presented review. The general conclusion is that the equilibrium between two tautomers is influenced by the structure of the compounds and by the solvents used. The tautomeric behavior patterns of the arylazo pyridone dyes in the reviewed literature has been studied using various instrumental techniques, including FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations related to the azo-hydrazon tautomerism have also been included. A large number of pyridone dyes exist in hydrazone form in solid state, while in solvents there is a mixture of tautomers. In addition, the X-ray single-crystal diffraction data analysis of some commercial pyridone dyes has been discussed concluding that they all crystallize in the hydrazone form.

Controls of Li incorporation in aragonite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Mavromatis ◽  
Jean-Michel Brazier ◽  
Katja Goetschl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Mineral Growth ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Temperature Proxy ◽  
Li Content

<p>The cation-to-Ca ratio in natural carbonate minerals is routinely used by the geoscientific community in order to reveal information about the conditions occurred during mineral formation in the geological past. Environmental reconstruction, however, relies on our understanding on the mechanisms controlling mineral growth but also on the physico-chemical properties of cations. In this respect experimental studies and laboratory calibrations of elemental ratios in synthetic carbonates provide important insights on the interpretation of the chemical signatures in natural samples. This holds especially truth for the chemical and isotopic signals of carbonates forming in continental environments that are characterized by the absence of bio-induced precipitation, low concentration of solutes in the forming fluid and slow growth rates (e.g. speleothems). In this study, we examine the incorporation of Li in aragonite, owing to its use as a temperature proxy and its importance in paleo-weathering reconstruction. Our preliminary results suggest that aragonite growth rate is likely the most important parameter controlling Li content in the forming phase. This finding comes in excellent agreement with the recent study by Füger et al. (2019). In addition, the experimental work suggest that temperature is also affecting the distribution of Li in aragonite but to a lesser extent than growth rate. It is anticipated that once completed this work will provide the fundamental knowledge needed for adequate interpretation of Li partitioning in aragonite and significantly improve our ability to interpret Li signatures in natural carbonates.</p><p> </p><p>References: Füger et al. 2019. Effect of growth rate and pH on lithium incorporation in calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 248, 14-24.</p>

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