scholarly journals Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Jānis Krūmiņš ◽  
Māris Kļaviņš ◽  
Aija Dēliņa ◽  
Raivo Damkevics ◽  
Valdis Segliņš
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
The Baltic

The importance of CO2 removal from the atmosphere has long been an essential topic due to climate change. In this paper, the authors aim to demonstrate the suitability of the underground reservoirs for CO2 storage based on their geological characteristics. The research addressed the potential of geological formations for fossil CO2 storage in the Baltic States to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the region. The geological, technical, and economic feasibility for CO2 storage has been assessed in terms of carbon sequestration in geological structures and the legal framework for safe geological storage of fossil CO2. Results indicate that prospective structural traps in the Baltic States, with reasonable capacity for CO2 storage, occur only in Southwestern Latvia (onshore) and in the Baltic Sea (offshore), whilst other regions in the Baltics either do not meet basic geological requirements, or have no economically feasible capacity for CO2 storage. Based on the examination of geological characteristics, the most fitting is the middle Cambrian reservoir in the Baltic sedimentary basin, and one of the most prospective structural traps is the geological structure of Dobele, with an estimated storage capacity of 150 Mt CO2. This study revealed that the storage capacity of the middle Cambrian reservoir (up to 1000 Mt CO2) within the borders of Southwestern Latvia is sufficient for carbon capture and safe storage for the whole Baltic region, and that geological structures in Latvia have the capacity to store all fossil CO2 emissions produced by stationary sources in the Baltic States for several decades.

scholarly journals Political and Economic Feasibility of Contracted American Liquefied Natural Gas for Energy Security in Poland and the Baltic States – Can the American Government Help?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Christopher Kulander ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
American Government ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

At the heart of the European Union (“EU”) energy policy is energy security. Energy security is maintained, in part, by a diversification of supply. Despite the fact that the EU has prioritized diversification, its dependency on Russian natural gas has increased in recent years. Contemporaneously, the politicalrelationship between the EU and Russia has worsened. Construction of NordStream 2(“NS2”) will further establish Russia as the dominant supplier of natural gas to the EU while lessening the diversification of its energy supply. To further the EU’s stated goals of energy diversification and security, another steady source of natural gas imports for the countries along the Baltic Sea is needed. LNG importation assets in Poland and the Baltic states exist for this purpose. Unlike other EU members, these countries have demonstrated the economic and political will to curb the coercive influence of Russian natural gas imports. America is awash in natural gas, with plenty for export and can sendincreasing volumes of LNG worldwide. In contrast to other sources, America is well located to supply Europe with secure LNG, and its importation should be a shared goal of the EU and America. Despite the desire of some American statesmen to use the “shale gas revolution” to further U.S. geopolitical goals; however, the U.S. hydrocarbon industry (unlike in Russia) is overwhelmingly controlled by private landowners and industry. The goal oft he American, Polish, and the Balticstates should therefore be narrowly focusedon establishing free trade agreements and the encouragement of longer-term contractual relationships between America and Poland and the Baltic states.

scholarly journals Formation Evaluation and Contingent Storage Capacity Estimation for Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization: A Case Study from East Natuna

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Jeres Rorym Cherdasa ◽  
Ken Prabowo ◽  
Tutuka Ariadji ◽  
Benyamin Sapiie ◽  
Zuher Syihab
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Reservoir Temperature

East Natuna is well known for its humongous natural gas reserves with a high CO2 content. The high quantity of carbon dioxide requires implementation cutting-edge capture and storage process in its development plan which comes at a high cost. In order to increase the economic feasibility of the area, the impurities are proposed to be utilized CO2 as working fluid further to generate electricity through Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Carbon dioxide has been proven to be a better fluid for EGS as it could reach super critical state in much lower pressure and temperature compared to brine water. Sokang Trough Area in East Natuna Basin was selected as a candidate for pilot project due to its favorable geological condition.Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization (CCSU) especially EGS in sedimentary basin requires a suitable reservoir that fulfills several geological and engineering parameters. Firstly, it should porous enough to store fluid and permeable to flow it. The storage should also be deep enough to retain temperature above 87.98°F and pressure above 1071 psi in order to keep the CO2 in supercritical phase. Even further, EGS requires a minimum reservoir temperature of ±300°F to be technologically viable. In order to avoid vertical unintended migration, the reservoir should have high water saturation instead of gas saturation. Lastly, the seal should be able to confine the injected CO2 column within the storage.Formation evaluation workflow adapted for CCSU was employed in this study. Porosity, water saturation and permeability was estimated through deterministic approach. Formation pressure was calculated using Eaton’s equation. Reservoir temperature was estimated from available well testing data. Storage capacity was estimated for the whole structure with several cases. Considering all those parameters, several suitable reservoirs were able to be delineated in the CCS-1 well that is located within the East Natuna area.

ASCAPE: A Flexible and Efficient Analytical Tool to Evaluate Aquifer Storage Capacity for CO2 Sequestration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Freni ◽  
Vincenzo Napolitano ◽  
Silvia Mancini ◽  
Roberto Buscaglia
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Pressure Increment

Abstract In recent years, carbon neutrality has emerged as an important social and political focus globally, where carbon sequestration plays a key role. The present work is aimed at introducing ASCAPE (Aquifer Storage CAPacity Evaluation tool), a fast and flexible tool useful in case of CO2 aquifer sequestration to preliminarily evaluate the required storage capacity as a function of the maximum allowable pressure increment. ASCAPE is based on the volumetric method included in SPE "Guidelines for Applications of the CO2 Storage Resources Management System" (SPE, 2020) for aquifer sequestration. The analytical formula was integrated to include additional physical phenomena as CO2 solubility in water, pressure control through water production, effect of gas pools connected to aquifer. The tool, implemented in Excel/VBA environment, allows to easily obtain a theoretical Pressure increment vs. Aquifer Volume curve useful to estimate the required aquifer volume to store a given quantity of CO2. ASCAPE results were validated comparing to a simplified 3D model simulated by a compositional commercial dynamic simulator. The validation showed a very good alignment with the 3D dynamic simulation results under several conditions. Many tests were performed with and without the CO2 solubility model, demonstrating that this phenomenon acts as pressure increment reducer. The original volumetric model can be therefore considered slightly conservative, since it neglects this physical contribution, which allowed to improve the reliability of the proposed analytical model. The proposed methodology is a general-purpose application being not related to a specified candidate and, therefore, it can be tailored on the specific scenario to be evaluated. ASCAPE was developed for preliminary screening of CO2 sequestration concepts in greenfield development areas, where the absence of brown or exhausted fields makes the storage in aquifer the only viable solution. Different aquifers were compared under certain assumptions of carbon to be stored with and without water production, allowing a preliminary evaluation that will be used to rank the concepts in terms of technical/economic feasibility.

scholarly journals Quantifying Uncertainty through 3D Geological Modeling for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage in the Unayzah Formation in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Mantilla Salas ◽  
Miguel Corrales ◽  
Hussein Hoteit ◽  
Abdulkader Alafifi ◽  
Alexandros Tasianas
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sequential Gaussian Simulation ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

<p>The development of Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology paired with existing energy systems will facilitate a successful transition to a carbon-neutral economy that offers efficient and sustainable energy. It will also enable the survival of multiple and vital economic sectors of high-energy industries that possess few other options to decarbonize. Nowadays, just about one-ten-thousandth of the global annual emissions are being captured and geologically-stored, and therefore with today’s emission panorama, CCS large-scale deployment is more pressing than ever. In this study, a 3D model that represents the key reservoir uncertainties for a CCUS pilot was constructed to investigate the feasibility of CO2 storage in the Unayzah Formation in Saudi Arabia. The study site covers the area of the city of Riyadh and the Hawtah and Nuayyim Trends, which contain one of the most prolific petroleum-producing systems in the country. The Unayzah reservoir is highly stratified and it is subdivided into three compartments: the Unayzah C (Ghazal Member), the Unayzah B (Jawb Member), and the Unayzah A (Wudayhi and Tinat Members). This formation was deposited under a variety of environments, such as glaciofluvial, fluvial, eolian, and coastal plain. Facies probability trend maps and well log data were used to generate a facies model that accounted for the architecture, facies distribution, and lateral and vertical heterogeneity of this high complexity reservoir. Porosity and predicted permeability logs were used with Sequential Gaussian Simulation and co-kriging methods to construct the porosity and permeability models. The static model was then used for CO2 injection simulation purposes to understand the impact of the flow conduits, barriers, and baffles in CO2 flow in all dimensions. Similarly, the CO2 simulations allowed us to better understand the CO2 entrapment process and to estimate a more realistic and reliable CO2 storage capacity of the Unayzah reservoir in the area. To test the robustness of the model predictions, geological uncertainty quantification and a sensitivity analysis were run. Parameters such as porosity, permeability, pay thickness, anisotropy, and connectivity were analyzed as well as how various combinations between them affected the CO2 storage capacity, injectivity, and containment. This approach could improve the storage efficiency of CO2 exceeding 60%. The analyzed reservoir was found to be a promising storage site. The proposed workflow and findings of the static and dynamic modeling described in this publication could serve as a guideline methodology to test the feasibility of the imminent upcoming pilots and facilitate the large-scale deployment of this very promising technology.</p>

Baltic States in the European Union

2006 ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
R. Simonyan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyzes social and economic changes, which have occurred in the Baltic states after their EU accession. It reveals new tendencies in the development of this new region of the united Europe that plays a significant geostrategic role for Russia.

PARTICIPATION OF UZBEK SOLDIERS IN THE LIBERATION OF THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Ilkhomjon M. Saidov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article is devoted to the participation of natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in the Baltic operation of 1944. The author states that Soviet historiography did not sufficiently address the problem of participation of individual peoples of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, and therefore their feat remained undervalued for a long time. More specifically, according to the author, 40–42% of the working age population of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Such figure was typical only for a limited number of countries participating in the anti-fascist coalition. Analyzing the participation of Soviet Uzbekistan citizens in the battles for the Baltic States, the author shows that the 51st and 71st guards rifle divisions, which included many natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, were particularly distinguished. Their heroic deeds were noted by the soviet leadership – a number of Uzbek guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, Uzbekistanis fought as part of partisan detachments – both in the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the Western regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and Moldova. Many Uzbek partisans were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of I and II degrees.

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