scholarly journals Formation Evaluation and Contingent Storage Capacity Estimation for Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization: A Case Study from East Natuna

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Jeres Rorym Cherdasa ◽  
Ken Prabowo ◽  
Tutuka Ariadji ◽  
Benyamin Sapiie ◽  
Zuher Syihab
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Reservoir Temperature

East Natuna is well known for its humongous natural gas reserves with a high CO2 content. The high quantity of carbon dioxide requires implementation cutting-edge capture and storage process in its development plan which comes at a high cost. In order to increase the economic feasibility of the area, the impurities are proposed to be utilized CO2 as working fluid further to generate electricity through Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Carbon dioxide has been proven to be a better fluid for EGS as it could reach super critical state in much lower pressure and temperature compared to brine water. Sokang Trough Area in East Natuna Basin was selected as a candidate for pilot project due to its favorable geological condition.Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization (CCSU) especially EGS in sedimentary basin requires a suitable reservoir that fulfills several geological and engineering parameters. Firstly, it should porous enough to store fluid and permeable to flow it. The storage should also be deep enough to retain temperature above 87.98°F and pressure above 1071 psi in order to keep the CO2 in supercritical phase. Even further, EGS requires a minimum reservoir temperature of ±300°F to be technologically viable. In order to avoid vertical unintended migration, the reservoir should have high water saturation instead of gas saturation. Lastly, the seal should be able to confine the injected CO2 column within the storage.Formation evaluation workflow adapted for CCSU was employed in this study. Porosity, water saturation and permeability was estimated through deterministic approach. Formation pressure was calculated using Eaton’s equation. Reservoir temperature was estimated from available well testing data. Storage capacity was estimated for the whole structure with several cases. Considering all those parameters, several suitable reservoirs were able to be delineated in the CCS-1 well that is located within the East Natuna area.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Carbon Dioxide Plume Geothermal Systems in Germany−Utilising Carbon Dioxide for Energy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McDonnell ◽  
Levente Molnár ◽  
Mary Harty ◽  
Fionnuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity

To manage greenhouse gas emissions, directives on renewable energy usage have been developed by the European Commission with the objective to reduce overall emissions by 40% by 2030 which presents a significant potential for renewable energy sources. At the same time, it is a challenge for these energy technologies which can only be solved by integrated solutions. Carbon capture and storage combined with geothermal energy could serve as a novel approach to reduce CO2 emissions and at the same time facilitate some of the negative impacts associated with fossil fuel-based power plants. This study focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of combining these technologies based on a published model, data and market research. In the European Union, Germany is the most energy intensive country, and it also has an untapped potential for geothermal energy in the northern as well as the western regions. The CO2 plume geothermal system using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid can be utilized in natural high porosity (10–20%) and permeability (2.5 × 10−14–8.4 × 10−16 m2) reservoirs with temperatures as low as 65.8 °C. The feasibility of the project was assessed based on market conditions and policy support in Germany as well as the geologic background of sandstone reservoirs near industrialized areas (Dortmund, Frankfurt) and the possibility of carbon capture integration and CO2 injection. The levelized cost of electricity for a base case results in € 0.060/kWh. Optimal system type was assessed in a system optimization model. The project has a potential to supply 6600/12000 households with clean energy (electricity/heat) and sequester carbon dioxide at the same time. A trading scheme for carbon dioxide further expands potential opportunities.

scholarly journals Mineral carbonation process of carbon dioxide using animal bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110196
Author(s):  
Brendon Mpofu ◽  
Hembe E Mukaya ◽  
Diakanua B Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cow Bone

Carbon dioxide has been identified as one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Several carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed to mitigate the large quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, but these are quite expensive and not easy to implement. Thus, this research analyses the technical and economic feasibility of using calcium leached from cow bone to capture and store carbon dioxide through the mineral carbonation process. The capturing process of carbon dioxide was successful using the proposed technique of leaching calcium from cow shinbone (the tibia) in the presence of HCl by reacting the calcium solution with gaseous carbon dioxide. AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the concentration of calcium in leached solutions and the composition of calcium in cow bone respectively. The best leaching conditions were found to be 4 mole/L HCl and leaching time of 6 h. Under these conditions, a leaching efficiency of 91% and a calcium conversion of 83% in the carbonation reaction were obtained. Other factors such as carbonation time, agitation rate, and carbonation reaction temperature had little effect on the yield. A preliminary cost analysis showed that the cost to capture 1 ton of CO2 with the proposed technique is about US$ 268.32, which is in the acceptable range of the capturing process. However, the cost of material used and electricity should be reviewed to reduce the preliminary production cost.

scholarly journals Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Jānis Krūmiņš ◽  
Māris Kļaviņš ◽  
Aija Dēliņa ◽  
Raivo Damkevics ◽  
Valdis Segliņš
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
The Baltic

The importance of CO2 removal from the atmosphere has long been an essential topic due to climate change. In this paper, the authors aim to demonstrate the suitability of the underground reservoirs for CO2 storage based on their geological characteristics. The research addressed the potential of geological formations for fossil CO2 storage in the Baltic States to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the region. The geological, technical, and economic feasibility for CO2 storage has been assessed in terms of carbon sequestration in geological structures and the legal framework for safe geological storage of fossil CO2. Results indicate that prospective structural traps in the Baltic States, with reasonable capacity for CO2 storage, occur only in Southwestern Latvia (onshore) and in the Baltic Sea (offshore), whilst other regions in the Baltics either do not meet basic geological requirements, or have no economically feasible capacity for CO2 storage. Based on the examination of geological characteristics, the most fitting is the middle Cambrian reservoir in the Baltic sedimentary basin, and one of the most prospective structural traps is the geological structure of Dobele, with an estimated storage capacity of 150 Mt CO2. This study revealed that the storage capacity of the middle Cambrian reservoir (up to 1000 Mt CO2) within the borders of Southwestern Latvia is sufficient for carbon capture and safe storage for the whole Baltic region, and that geological structures in Latvia have the capacity to store all fossil CO2 emissions produced by stationary sources in the Baltic States for several decades.

scholarly journals Potential advantages of using compressorless combined cycles in power engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sinkevich ◽  
Yuriy Borisov ◽  
Anatoliy Kosoy ◽  
Eldar Ramazanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pumping Equipment

Attention of humanity is being increasingly focused on prevention of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, including CO2 [1]. One of the main contributions to CO2 emissions is associated with the production of electric and thermal energy. Despite great efforts, aimed at developing renewable energy technologies, fossil fuels will dominate in this area of human activity for a very long time. Therefore, the capture of CO2, formed during the combustion of fossil fuels, is of particular importance. If air is used as a fuel oxidizer, the combustion products consist of more than 70% nitrogen. It is very difficult and expensive to separate carbon dioxide from this nitrogen. Promising solutions for carbon capture are associated with air separation and fuel combustion in pure oxygen. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to such cycles [2-4]. The gases temperature of a combustor chamber exit is regulated by the supply of CO2 and H2O to a combustion zone. In this case, a spent working fluid is almost entirely composed of a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, which is easily divided into water and pure carbon dioxide. One of the options for such solutions involves a pressure increase for all components of the working fluid before injection them into a combustion chamber in a liquid phase by pumping equipment [5]. Thermodynamic cycles, in which a pressure of the working fluid is increased in the liquid phase by pumping equipment (without a compressor), can be called compressorless.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Argon Power Cycle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Sierra Aznar ◽  
Farouk Chorou ◽  
Jyh-Yuan Chen ◽  
Andreas Dreizler ◽  
Robert W. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Power Cycle

Carbon capture has been deemed crucial by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change if the world is to achieve the ambitious goals stated in the Paris agreement. A deeper integration of renewable energy sources is also needed if we are to mitigate the large amount of greenhouse gas emitted as a result of increasing world fossil fuel energy consumption. These new power technologies bring an increased need for distributed fast dispatch power and energy storage that counteract their intermittent nature. A novel technological approach to provide fast dispatch emission free power is the use of the Argon Power Cycle, a technology that makes carbon capture an integral part of its functioning principle. The core concept behind this technology is a closed loop internal combustion engine cycle working with a monoatomic gas in concert with a membrane gas separation unit. By replacing the working fluid of internal combustion engines with a synthetic mixture of monoatomic gases and oxygen, the theoretical thermal efficiency can be increased up to 80%, more than 20% over conventional air cycles. Furthermore, the absence of nitrogen in the system prevents formation of nitrogen oxides, eliminating the need for expensive exhaust gas after-treatment and allowing for efficient use of renewable generated hydrogen fuel. In the case of hydrocarbon fuels, the closed loop nature of the cycle affords to boost the pressure and concentration of gases in the exhaust stream at no penalty to the cycle, providing the driving force to cost effective gas membrane separation of carbon dioxide. In this work we investigated the potential benefits of the Argon Power Cycle to improve upon current stationary power generation systems regarding efficiency, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. A cooperative fuel research engine was used to carry out experiments and evaluate engine performance in relation to its air breathing counterpart. A 30% efficiency improvement was achieved and results showed a reduction on engine heat losses and an overall increase on the indicated mean effective pressure, despite the lesser oxygen content present in the working fluid. Greenhouse gas emissions were reduced as expected due to a substantial increase in efficiency and nitric oxides were eliminated as it was expected. Numerical simulation were carried out to predict the performance and energy penalty of a membrane separation unit. Energy penalties as low as 2% were obtained capturing 100% of the carbon dioxide generated.

Comparison of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles for Oxy-Combustion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron McClung ◽  
Klaus Brun ◽  
Jacob Delimont
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Southwest Research Institute ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Supercritical Carbon ◽  
Research Institute

Advanced oxy-combustion coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles offers a path to achieve efficient power generation with integrated carbon capture for base load power generation. One commonality among high efficiency sCO2 cycles is the extensive use of recuperation within the cycle. This high degree of recuperation results in high temperatures at the thermal input device and a smaller temperature rise to the turbine inlet. When combined with typical high side pressures ranging from 150 to 300 bar, these conditions pose a non-trivial challenge for fossil fired sCO2 cycles with respect to cycle layout and thermal integration. A narrow thermal input window can be tolerated for indirect cycles such as those used for nuclear power generation and concentrating solar power plants, however, it is at odds with traditional coal or natural gas fired Rankine cycles where the working fluid has been condensed and cooled to near ambient temperatures. Coal fired sCO2 cycles using oxy-combustion have been examined by Southwest Research Institute and Thar Energy L.L.C. under DOE award DE-FE0009593. Under this project, an indirect supercritical oxy-combustion cycle was developed that provides 99% carbon capture with a 37.9% HHV plant efficiency. This cycle achieves a predicted COE of $121/MWe with no credits taken for the additional 9% of carbon capture, and represents a 21% reduction in cost as compared to supercritical steam with 90% carbon capture ($137/MWe). Direct fired sCO2 cycles for natural gas or syngas are currently being evaluated by Southwest Research Institute and Thar Energy L.L.C. under DOE award DE-FE0024041. Initial evaluations of direct fired supercritical oxy-combustion cycles indicate that plant efficiencies on the order of 51% to 54% can be achieved with direct fired natural gas oxy-combustion when paired with the recompression cycle with 1,200 °C firing temperatures at 200 bar. Direct fired natural gas or syngas sCO2 cycles still face significant technology development needs, with the pressurized oxy-combustor a significant component with a low Technology Readiness Level, (TRL) as defined by the DOE. In addition to the combustion system, significant work will be required to prepare the sCO2 turbomachinery for the turbine inlet temperatures required to achieve plant efficiencies greater than 50%.

Effect of Mixtures on Compressor and Cooler in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Vesely ◽  
K. R. V. Manikantachari ◽  
Subith Vasu ◽  
Jayanta Kapat ◽  
Vaclav Dostal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

With the increasing demand for electric power, the development of new power generation technologies is gaining increased attention. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is one such technology, which has relatively high efficiency, compactness, and potentially could provide complete carbon capture. The S-CO2 cycle technology is adaptable for almost all of the existing heat sources such as solar, geothermal, fossil, nuclear power plants, and waste heat recovery systems. However, it is known that, optimal combinations of: operating conditions, equipment, working fluid, and cycle layout determine the maximum achievable efficiency of a cycle. Within an S-CO2 cycle the compression device is of critical importance as it is operating near the critical point of CO2. However, near the critical point, the thermo-physical properties of CO2 are highly sensitive to changes of pressure and temperature. Therefore, the conditions of CO2 at the compressor inlet are critical in the design of such cycles. Also, the impurity species diluted within the S-CO2 will cause deviation from an ideal S-CO2 cycle as these impurities will change the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Accordingly the current work examines the effects of different impurity compositions, considering binary mixtures of CO2 and: He, CO, O2, N2, H2, CH4, or H2S; on various S-CO2 cycle components. The second part of the study focuses on the calculation of the basic cycles and component efficiencies. The results of this study will provide guidance and defines the optimal composition of mixtures for compressors and coolers.

CO2 Reduction to Propanol by Copper Foams: A Pre- and Post-Catalysis Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Rudd ◽  
Ewa Kazimierska ◽  
Louise B. Hamdy ◽  
Odin Bain ◽  
Sunyhik Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Electrodes

The utilization of carbon dioxide is a major incentive for the growing field of carbon capture. Carbon dioxide could be an abundant building block to generate higher value products. Herein, we describe the use of porous copper electrodes to catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide into higher value products such as ethylene, ethanol and, notably, propanol. For <i>n</i>-propanol production, faradaic efficiencies reach 4.93% at -0.83 V <i>vs</i> RHE, with a geometric partial current density of -1.85 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. We have documented the performance of the catalyst in both pristine and urea-modified foams pre- and post-electrolysis. Before electrolysis, the copper electrode consisted of a mixture of cuboctahedra and dendrites. After 35-minute electrolysis, the cuboctahedra and dendrites have undergone structural rearrangement. Changes in the interaction of urea with the catalyst surface have also been observed. These transformations were characterized <i>ex-situ</i> using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that alterations in the morphology, crystallinity, and surface composition of the catalyst led to the deactivation of the copper foams.

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