scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbon from Industrial Solid Waste Agar with a Different Activator Concentrations

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Khuril Zaqyyah ◽  
Sri Subekti ◽  
Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Randomized Design

Production of seaweed processing generates a huge amount of waste, either waste solid or liquid waste. For solid waste contains a lot of organic carbon derived from cellulose or hemicellulose. Therefore, the solid waste that has the potential as a raw material of activated carbon. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the activated carbon produced from solid waste agar and determine the optimal concentration of activator that produced the best characteristics of the activated carbon. The treatment used is a different activator concentration which is designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The results showed the five treatments are significant differences in the characteristics of the ash and pure active carbon content. This study shows that the manufacture of activated carbon industrial solid waste agar with a different activator concentration influence on the characteristics of the active carbon with ash content parameter and pure active carbon content. The concentration of activator that can provide the highest value of pure activated carbon is in P5 with a concentration of 6 M. Based on this study are advised to do further research on how to lower the ash content of the activated carbon from solid waste agar.

scholarly journals Production of Biologically Activated Carbon from Orange Peel and Landfill Leachate Subsequent Treatment Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Xie ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
Fangying Ji ◽  
Zhongrong Song ◽  
Yanling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

In order to improve adsorption of macromolecular contaminants and promote the growth of microorganisms, active carbon for biological wastewater treatment or follow-up processing requires abundant mesopore and good biophile ability. In this experiment, biophile mesopore active carbon is produced in one-step activation with orange peel as raw material, and zinc chloride as activator, and the adsorption characteristics of orange peel active carbon is studied by static adsorption method. BET specific surface area and pore volume reached 1477 m2/g and 2.090 m3/g, respectively. The surface functional groups were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface of the as-prepared activated carbon contained hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, and methoxy group. The analysis based on X-ray diffraction spectrogram (XRD) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum indicated that the as-prepared activated carbon, with smaller microcrystalline diameter and microcrystalline thickness and enhanced reactivity, exhibited enhanced adsorption performance. This research has a deep influence in effectively controlling water pollution, improving area water quality, easing orange peel waste pollution, and promoting coordinated development among society, economy, and environment.

scholarly journals The Utilization Of Coconut Tombong As A Raw Material For Flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Griennasty Clawdya Siahaya ◽  
Samuel Titaley ◽  
Zasendy Rehena
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L1 And L2

This study is the first step in developing coconut (Cocos nucifera) tombong which has not been utilized by society. The purpose of this study is to obtain a proper drying time in producing a nutrient-grade coconut tombong flour. This study used an experimental design with a complete randomized design where the coconut tombong was dried at 50°C for 6,7 and 8 hours. Furthermore in the analysis of content carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash content, crude fiber and water content. The results of the analysis showed that coconut tombong flour with 8 hours drying produced the best of coconut tombong flour compared with 6 and 7 hours drying, with lower moisture content 11, 7353%, fat 8,1666%, protein 11,7158%, ash content 7,4917% and crude fiber 11,8421%. The results of statistical test show that the drying treatment of 6, 7 and 8 hours gives a very significant difference to the average chemical properties (carbohydrate, moisture content, protein, fat, ash content, crude fiber) coconut tombong flour with Fvalue > Ftable 5% or significance value of all treatments is smaller than alpha value 0.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that coconut tombong  flour which through the drying process at 50°C for 8 hours (L3) is the best treatment among two other treatments (L1 and L2) which has the potential to be further developed as various substitution materials food products.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon Based on Oil Palm Waste for Ammonia Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ivan Daniel ◽  
Rini Selly ◽  
Jasmidi Jasmidi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste

The aim of this study Industri is to reduce ammonia concentration in tannery waswater using Oil Palm waste. Palm oil is one of the strategic industry that is engaged in agriculture (agro-based industry) that many develop in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Palm oil plantations produce solid waste, one of which is an empty bunch. and the palm oil processing industry produces the liquid waste of one of them ammonia. By looking at the opportunity how to cope with the waste of ammonia derived from the processing of palm oil by making biosorbents from solid waste of empty palm plants that utilization of empty waste plants is still not maximal. With some treatment and tested with BET to see the surface area and total volume of pores after and before the treatment of activated carbon.

scholarly journals Analisis Proksimat Karbon Kulit Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dengan Variasi Suhu Karbonisasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Sarifah Mudaim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Volatile Matter Content ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is a plant with various benefits. Currently, candlenut is mostly used as a spice, candlenut shells also has a high calorific value so that it can be used as fuel. Candlenut has shells which is an organic waste. Candlenut shells have a hard texture and high carbon content. Most of the candlenut shell is used as fuel and only a small part is used as raw material for carbon production. Candlenut shell have good physical and chemical properties as carbon raw materials. Activated carbon is one of the carbon phases that can be used for various applications. In this paper, we report on the synthesis and characterization of carbon from candlenut shells to obtain high-quality carbon by controlling the carbonization temperature. In carbon production, we use variations in carbonization temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 C. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content and bound carbon content. Analysis of the effect of carbonization temperature on the quality of carbon from candlenut shells resulted in the highest carbon in the sample with a temperature of 700 C, producing carbon with 5.32% moisture content, 9.40% ash content, 12.76% volatile matter content, and fix carbon content 72,52%

Characteristics of Charcoal Briquwttes from Palm Oil Midrib and Coconut Midrib with Tapioka Glue

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Bayu Nugroho ◽  
Faizah Hamzah ◽  
Raswen Efendi ◽  
Angga Pramana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Randomized Design

The purpose of this study aims to get the best combination of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib in making charcoal briquettes. The study was conducted experimentally using a complete randomized design method consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were the ratio of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib charcoal as follows: KSK1 (100:0), KSK2 (75:25), KSK3 (50:50), KSK4 (25:75) and KSK5 (0:100). The parameters observed were density, water content, ash content, vapour content, bound carbon content and heating value. The result of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib shells had a significant effect on density, water content, ash content, vapour content, bound carbon content and heating value. Based on the results of the analysis, the best treatment in this study were KSK4 of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib (25:75) with a density of 0,58 g/cm3, water content 5,82%, ash content 5,87%, evaporating content 15,01%, bound carbon content 79,12%, and heating value content 6596,65 cal/g.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Potency of Activated Carbon Powder Derived from Cultivated Marine Microalgae as a Promising Filler in Mixed Matrix Membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Sukoyo ◽  
Gunomo Djoyowasito ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Activated carbon-filled mixed matrix membranes were commonly used to enhance the separation performance of liquid or gas separation processes. Activated carbon is traditionally derived from agricultural crops such as coconut shells or wood biomass. Marine microalgae however have a great potential to produce powdered activated carbon. In this study, marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris have been evaluated for their carbon content, and the 16.09% carbon content has potential to be employed as a raw material in manufacturing activated carbon powder. Dry microalgae were carbonized at a temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, at a constant increment rate of temperature of 10 °C per minute to produce microalgae charcoal. Chemically-based activation treatments using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 with concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively, assisted by microwave irradiation, have been used to prepare activated carbon. The properties of activated carbon powder were analyzed including yields, ash content, volatile substances, pure activated carbon content, absorption of iodine solution, surface area, and imaging of activated carbon using SEM-EDX. The best treatment characteristics were obtained using H3PO4 at a concentration of 50% with characteristics of 19.47% yield, 11.19% ash content, 31.92% volatile content, 56.89% pure activated carbon, 325.17 mg g−1 iodine absorption, and 109.273 m2 g−1 surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, as well as a 5.5-nm average pore diameter. The SEM-EDX imaging results showed the formation of micropores on the surface of activated carbon, with carbon content reaching 72.31%; however, impurities could decrease the surface area and reduce the absorption performance of microalgae activated carbon.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from Helhelok Stones by Chemical Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Alarqam Z. Tareq ◽  
Mohammed S. Hussein ◽  
Pyman A. Abdujabar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

In his study activated carbon was prepared from Helhelok stones as a raw material by using chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical agent with the concentration 40% for 25h at (25⁰C±2). The optimum conditions were approved in having carbonization temperature 400ᵒC for 1h to get a maximum percentage of yield 56%. Other properties of the prepared activated carbon were also studied such as pH, ash content, density, moisture content, conductivity, iodine number and methylene blue dye absorbance. Eventually the prepared activated carbon in this work has obtained good characteristics that make it play an essential role in industrial uses and compared it with commercial standard sample from B. D. H Company.

scholarly journals Anatomical and energy characteristics of charcoal made from five species

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Washington Luis Esteves Magalhães ◽  
Francielli Rodrigues Ribeiro Batista ◽  
Ramiro Faria França ◽  
Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
Carbonized Wood ◽  
Volatile Materials

Charcoal is an important energy raw material and its properties are influenced by the wood's anatomical and chemical composition and the production process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics, calorific power and volatiles and ash content of carbonized wood from Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense and Schefflera morototoni. The calorific power varied from 26,878 to 31,117 kJ kg-1; the content of volatile materials ranged from 20.9 to 31.7%; ash content ranged from 0.1 to 3.8%; and carbon content varied from 68.2 to 75.3%. Anatomical structures of charcoal can be used for species identification. The studied species are not indicated for charcoal production because the levels of ash and volatile compounds are higher than those recommended for charcoal produced for household use. In addition, the calorific power and level of carbon content are insufficient for use in the steel industry.

The Characteristics of Nugget Fortified Calcium From Chicken Eggshell Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Made Gde Wisnu Merta ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
I Made Sugitha
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Chicken Eggshell

Nugget is favorite fast food, which contain a high cholesterol and low in minerals such as calcium. Chicken eggshell is an idle resource, which contain high calcium. Fortification of calcium sources from chicken eggshell powder is a good innovation to increase the nutritional value of nuggets, and utilizing of idle resources that are currently not properly managed. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of additional chicken eggshells powder as calcium fortification to the characteristics of nuggets, and percentage of additional chicken eggshell powder to produce the best nuggets. This research was an experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of additional chicken eggshell powder for nuggets. The treatment carried out with five levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, by weight of the nugget raw material. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results of physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics analysis showed that the additional of chicken eggshell powder has a significant effected to the water content, ash content, protein content, calcium content, taste, and texture, but did not significant affected the fat content, pH value, hardness level, color, and flavor of the nuggets. Based on the results of the effectiveness test, the best treatment in this research was the addition of 5% chicken eggshell powder. The addition of chicken eggshell powder can significantly increase calcium and ash content of the nuggets, but  significantly decrease taste and texture of the nuggets. The addition of 5% chicken eggshell powder produced the best nuggets.

Study on Ultrasonic Degradation of Methyl Orange Wastewater by Modified Steel Slag

2014 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Fei Lei ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Xiang Xin Xue ◽  
He Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Degradation ◽  
Decoloration Rate ◽  
Doping Ratio ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

In this paper, steel slag as the main raw material, modified steel slag adsorbent was prepared using steel slag and the active carbon as the starting materials. The influences of doping substance, the particle size, calcining temperature and doping ratio on the decoloration rate of methyl orange wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the decoloration rate of methyl orange can reach 93.62% when the doping substance was the activated carbon, the particle size was 120 mesh, the calcining temperature was 700°C, the doping ratio was 1:1.

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