scholarly journals Separation of the Mixture 2-Propanol + Water by Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation with Isooctane as an Entrainer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5471
Author(s):  
Giorgia De Guido ◽  
Chiara Monticelli ◽  
Elvira Spatolisano ◽  
Laura Annamaria Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Azeotropic Distillation ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Alcoholic Mixtures

Advanced processes, which are alternatives to ordinary distillation, are essential to dehydrate azeotropic alcoholic mixtures for biofuel production. In that regard, this work focuses on the analysis of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation for the separation of a 2-propanol + water mixture in order to recover the alcohol with a sufficiently low water content. By comparing the performances of various entrainers on the basis of ternary maps, isooctane was selected for further process analysis. An advantage it poses is related to the fact that traces of it within the recovered dehydrated alcohol are highly welcome with a view to its subsequent use as a fuel. Aspen Plus® V11 software was employed for the simulation of the process, thus filling the gap existing in the literature due to the lack of studies on the process analysis of the heterogeneous azeotropic distillation of the 2-propanol + water system using isooctane as an entrainer.

The Effect of Anhydrite on the Hydration of CFBC Ash-Clinker-Water System

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
Hui Zhong Xu ◽  
Yuan Ming Song ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Water System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The effect of anhydrite on the hydration of CFBC ash-clinker-water system was investigated by ettringite content, chemically combined water content and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the effect of anhydrite on ettringite content at earlier age is significantly greater than that at later age. This work confirms that anhydrite plays a significant role in promoting the hydration of CFBC ash-clinker-water system.

scholarly journals Soft Measurement of Water Content in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Based on RS-SVM Classifier and GA-NN Predictor

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Zhang ◽  
Bokai Xia
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Soft Measurement ◽  
Oil Water

Abstract Measurement of water content in oil-water mixing flow was restricted by special problems such as narrow measuring range and low accuracy. A simulated multi-sensor measurement system in the laboratory was established, and the influence of multi-factor such as temperature, and salinity content on the measurement was investigated by numerical simulation combined with experimental test. A soft measurement model based on rough set-support vector machine (RS-SVM) classifier and genetic algorithm-neural network (GA-NN) predictors was reported in this paper. Investigation results indicate that RS-SVM classifier effectively realized the pattern identification for water holdup states via fuzzy reasoning and self-learning, and GA-NN predictors are capable of subsection forecasting water content in the different water holdup patterns, as well as adjusting the model parameters adaptively in terms of online measuring range. Compared with the actual laboratory analyzed results, the soft model proposed can be effectively used for estimating the water content in oil-water mixture in all-round measuring range

scholarly journals Performance of Appended Wire Mesh Packing in Sieve Tray Distillation Column of Ethanol-Water System

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Fadlilatul Taufany ◽  
Nonot Soewarno ◽  
Melvina Eliana Sutanto ◽  
Indi Raisa Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Distillation Column ◽  
Water System ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Valve Tray ◽  
Sieve Tray ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Wire

For the separation process in liquid-liquid mixture such as ethanol-water mixture, a sieve tray distillation columnis an alternatif for affordable process and maintenance. However to date, this sieve tray system is still currentlyhaving a lower Murphee efficiency and smaller interfacial area, as compared to other tray system, that is, either abubble cap or valve tray. Therefore it is of important to optimize the performance of sieve tray distillation bymeans of adding the wire mesh packing on that tray, as being the aim of the present study. This study isconducted by using a batch sieve tray distillation system, where the wire mesh packing is added on the third traythat is calculated from the top of the column, to avoid flooding inside the column. Here the resulting fermentedmolasses of containing a 10% volume of ethanol is used as a mixture distillation feed. The height of the wiremesh packing being studied is varied as 5 cm, 3 cm, and 2 cm. Our results showed that the Murphee efficiencyobtained by the variation of the packing height of 5 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm and without packing were 73.5%, 66.27%,56.86%, and 46.7% respectively, and were increased by subsequent level of the packing height. Thecorresponding hydrodynamic properties of this appended packing sieve tray distillation by means of theinterfacial area were 11.88 cm2/cm3, 0.48 cm2/cm3, and 0.32 cm2/cm3, while its pressure drop measured from thewater manometer height were 38.33 cm H2O/m, 30 cm H2O/m, 10 cm H2O/m for the packing height of 5 cm, 3cm, 2 cm height, respectively. The increasing of the performance of appended packing sieve tray distillation bymeans of the Murphee efficiency is explained by the increasing of the interfacial area for vapour-liquid than thetray itself. This preliminary study is expected to be a pioneer study of strategy to increase the performance ofconventional sieve tray distillation that is known as a kind of affordable distillation process.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Stem Diameter and Water Contents To Improve Sorghum Bioenergy Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3991-4000
Author(s):  
Wenqian Kong ◽  
Huizhe Jin ◽  
Valorie H. Goff ◽  
Susan A. Auckland ◽  
Lisa K. Rainville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Regions

Biofuel made from agricultural products has the potential in contribute to a stable supply of fuel for growing energy demands. Some salient plant traits, such as stem diameter and water content, and their relationship to other important biomass-related traits are so far poorly understood. Here, we performed QTL mapping for three stem diameter and two water content traits in a S. bicolor BTx623 x IS3620c recombinant inbred line population of 399 genotypes, and validated the genomic regions identified using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a diversity panel of 354 accessions. The discovery of both co-localized and non-overlapping loci affecting stem diameter traits suggests that stem widths at different heights share some common genetic control, but also have some distinct genetic influences. Co-localizations of stem diameter and water content traits with other biomass traits including plant height, flowering time and the ‘dry’ trait, suggest that their inheritance may be linked functionally (pleiotropy) or physically (linkage disequilibrium). Water content QTL in homeologous regions resulting from an ancient duplication event may have been retained and continue to have related functions for an estimated 96 million years. Integration of QTL and GWAS data advanced knowledge of the genetic basis of stem diameter and water content components in sorghum, which may lead to tools and strategies for either enhancing or suppressing these traits, supporting advances toward improved quality of plant-based biomass for biofuel production.

Magnetic Properties and Morphology of the Cobalt Particles Prepared in Different Liquid Solvent

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Xue Min Huang ◽  
Quan Sheng Wang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xiu Chen Zhao ◽  
Shu Lai Wen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Face Centered

The two kinds of flower-like ultrafine cobalt particles were prepared by reducing cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) with hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) under ultrasonic and microwave radiation, in which ethanol-water or ethylene glycol-water mixture was used as solvent. The morphology, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the as-prepared particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the petals of the flower-like cobalt particles prepared in the ethanol-water system were dendritic, while the petals of the flower-like cobalt particles prepared in the ethylene glycol-water system were sword-like. The crystal structure of cobalt particles prepared in the two kinds of systems both consisted of hexagonal close-packed cubic phase and face-centered cubic phase, but the relative content was different. The saturation magnetization of the cobalt particles with dendritic petals and the cobalt particles with sword-like petals was the same approximately, but their coercivity was greatly different (the difference in value about 7184.14Am-1), which might be attributed to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy.

Geocryological terminology

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. van Everdingen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
System A

Ambiguity and inconsistent use of the word frozen and a number of related terms present problems in terminology describing permafrost and seasonal frost. To overcome some of these problems, the author proposes that use of the word 'frozen' be reserved exclusively for cases where at least some ice is present in the soil/water system. A new term, cryotic, is proposed to indicate that the temperature of the soil/water system is below 0 °C, without implying any phase conditions. Other terms dealt with are liquid water content, ice-rich, frost-sensitive, thaw-sensitive, frost-stable, and thaw-stable. A partially genetic terminology is proposed to describe various types of nonfrozen zones in permafrost areas.

scholarly journals The spectral study of azo dye and cationic surfactant interaction in ethanol-water mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Neelam Shahi ◽  
Kumar Shah ◽  
Prasad Yadav ◽  
Ajaya Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water System ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Binding Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Phenomenon

The interaction of azo dye methyl red (MR) with dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) has been studied spectrophotometrically through azo-hydrazone tautomeric behavior of MR for a series of the ethanol-water system (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 volume fractions of ethanol) at room temperature. Critical micelle concentration was determined using the conductometric technique with increased ethanol volume influenced by solvent polarity and architectural flexibility of methyl red. The azo form of methyl red brings electrostatic interaction with cationic surfactant through the adsorption phenomenon. The binding parameters were calculated with the aid of a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation.

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