scholarly journals Enhancement of the Flickermeter for Grid-Connected Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Chau-Shing Wang ◽  
Wen-Ren Yang ◽  
Yi-Cheng Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Voltage Flicker ◽  
Complex Algorithm

Distributed generators connected to the power system usually produce voltage fluctuations. For wind turbines connected to a grid, large changes in wind speed can cause voltage flicker at the point of common coupling. The measurement of voltage flicker caused only by wind turbines is difficult. The wind turbine under test is usually connected to a medium voltage point, in which other fluctuating loads may produce significant voltage disturbances at the wind turbine terminal where the measurement is made. Although the IEC 61400-21-1 standard specifies a method to evaluate voltage flicker caused by wind turbines, because of the complex algorithm and process of the IEC standard, there is currently a lack of measurement equipment that meets the IEC standard. In addition, some countries that use other voltage flicker standards, such as ΔV10, do not have suitable flicker measurements for wind turbines. Therefore, this study proposes an enhanced version of the IEC 61400-21-1 standard, which integrates the ΔV10 method, so that the proposed measurement system complies with the IEC and ΔV10 standards. In this study, the voltage flicker measurement system is successfully implemented, which can help engineers to predict the voltage flicker by wind turbines and assess whether a region or grid is suitable for installing wind turbines. Therefore, it can provide wind turbine companies with a quick assessment of voltage flicker to comply with the certification process.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Summation of Flicker Caused by Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koldo Redondo ◽  
José Julio Gutiérrez ◽  
Izaskun Azcarate ◽  
Purificación Saiz ◽  
Luis Alberto Leturiondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Better Than

Integration of wind energy into the grid faces a great challenge regarding power quality. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-21 standard defines the electrical characteristics that need to be assessed in a Wind Turbine (WT), as well as the procedure to measure the disturbances produced by the WT. One of the parameters to be assessed are voltage fluctuations or flicker. To estimate the flicker emission of a Wind Power Plant (WPP), the standard establishes that a quadratic exponent should be used in the summation of the flicker emission of each WT. This exponent was selected based on studies carried out in WPPs with type I and II WTs. Advances in wind turbine technology have reduced their flicker emission, mainly thanks to the implementation of power electronics for the partial or total management of the power injected into the grid. This work is based on measurements from a WPP with 16 type III WTs. The flicker emission of a single WT and of the WPP were calculated. Low flicker emission values at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the WPP were obtained. The flicker estimation at the PCC, based on the measurement from a single WT, was analyzed using different exponents. The results show that a cubic summation performs better than the quadratic one in the estimation of the flicker emission of a WPP with type III WTs.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of The Summation of Flicker Caused by Wind Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koldo Redondo ◽  
José Julio Gutiérrez ◽  
Izaskun Azcarate ◽  
Purificación Saiz ◽  
Luis Alberto Leturiondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Better Than

Integration of wind energy into the grid faces a great challenge regarding power quality. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)~61400-21 standard defines the electrical characteristics that need to be assessed in a Wind Turbine (WT), as well as the procedure to measure the disturbances produced by the WT. One of the parameters to be assessed are voltage fluctuations or flicker. To estimate the flicker emission of a Wind Power Plant (WPP), the standard establishes that a quadratic exponent should be used in the summation of the flicker emission of each WT. This exponent was selected based on studies carried out in WPPs with type I and II WTs. Advances in wind turbines technology have reduced their flicker emission, mainly thaks to the implementation of power electronics for the partial or total management of the power injected into the grid. This work is based on measurements from a WPP with 16 type III WTs. The flicker emission of a single WT and of the WPP were calculated. Low flicker emission values at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the WPP were obtained. The flicker estimation at the PCC, based on the measurement from a single WT, was analyzed using different exponents. The results show that a cubic summation performs better than the quadratic one in the estimation of the flicker emission of a WPP with type III WTs.

A novel controller for a voltage controlled voltage source inverter to mitigation voltage fluctuations measured at the point of common coupling

Measurement ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Shokri ◽  
Hussain Shareef ◽  
Azah Mohamed ◽  
Masoud Farhoodnea ◽  
Hadi Zayandehroodi
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Inverter ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling

A New Compensation Control Strategy for Grid-connected Wind Turbine and Fuel Cell Inverters in a Microgrid

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naderipour ◽  
A. A. Mohd Zin ◽  
M. H. Habibuddin ◽  
M. Moradi ◽  
M. Miveh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Synchronous Reference Frame ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Frame Method ◽  
Common Coupling

The use of a new control method for grid-connected inverters for reducing the output current harmonic distortion in a wide range of grid-connected distributed generation (DG) applications, including wind turbine (WT) and fuel cell (FC) inverters is proposed in this paper. The control method designed to eliminate main harmonics in a microgrid (MG) and between MG and point of common coupling (PCC) and responsible for the correction of the system unbalance. Another advantage of the proposed control method is that it can be easily adopted into the DG control system without the installation of extra hardware. The proposed control method is comprised of the synchronous reference frame method (SRF). Results from the proposed control method are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Improving Voltage Profile of Islanded Microgrid using PI Controller

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Hussain Qazi ◽  
Mohd Wazir Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Voltage Controller ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Common Coupling

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.</p>

scholarly journals HESS in a Wind Turbine Generator: Assessment of Electric Performances at Point of Common Coupling with the Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Linda Barelli ◽  
Dario Pelosi ◽  
Dana Alexandra Ciupageanu ◽  
Panfilo Andrea Ottaviano ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Wind Turbine Generator ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling

Among Renewable Energy Sources (RES), wind energy is emerging as one of the largest installed renewable-power-generating capacities. The technological maturity of wind turbines, together with the large marine wind resource, is currently boosting the development of offshore wind turbines, which can reduce the visual and noise impacts and produce more power due to higher wind speeds. Nevertheless, the increasing penetration of wind energy, as well as other renewable sources, is still a great concern due to their fluctuating and intermittent behavior. Therefore, in order to cover the mismatch between power generation and load demand, the stochastic nature of renewables has to be mitigated. Among proposed solutions, the integration of energy storage systems in wind power plants is one of the most effective. In this paper, a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is integrated into an offshore wind turbine generator with the aim of demonstrating the benefits in terms of fluctuation reduction of the active power and voltage waveform frequency, specifically at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A MATLAB®/SimPowerSystems model composed of an offshore wind turbine interfaced with the grid through a full-scale back-to-back converter and a flywheel-battery-based HESS connected to the converter DC-link has been developed and compared with the case of storage absence. Simulations were carried out in reference to the wind turbine’s stress conditions and were selected—according to our previous work—in terms of the wind power step. Specifically, the main outcomes of this paper show that HESS integration allows for a reduction in the active power variation, when the wind power step is applied, to about 3% and 4.8%, respectively, for the simulated scenarios, in relation to more than 30% and 42% obtained for the no-storage case. Furthermore, HESS is able to reduce the transient time of the frequency of the three-phase voltage waveform at the PCC by more than 89% for both the investigated cases. Hence, this research demonstrates how HESS, coupled with renewable power plants, can strongly enhance grid safety and stability issues in order to meet the stringent requirements relating to the massive RES penetration expected in the coming years.

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Logic Controller to Increase Fault Ride-Through Capability of Variable Speed Wind Turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geev Mokryani ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
Antonio Piccolo ◽  
Vito Calderaro
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Doubly Fed

A fuzzy controller for improving Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability of Variable Speed Wind Turbines (WTs) equipped with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented. The controller is designed in order to compensate the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) by regulating the reactive and active power generated by WTs. The performances of the controller are evaluated in some case studies considering a different number of wind farms in different locations. Simulations, carried out on a real 37-bus Italian weak distribution system, confirmed that the proposed controller can enhance the FRT capability in many cases.

scholarly journals Active Filter Reference Calculations Based on Customers’ Current Harmonic Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Aljaž Špelko ◽  
Boštjan Blažič ◽  
Igor Papič ◽  
Leopold Herman
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Filter ◽  
Current Harmonic ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Current Calculation

This paper deals with harmonics compensation in industrial and distribution networks using an active filter (AcF). When defining the AcF’s reference current, it is important to properly consider the network background harmonic distortion. Within this paper, we propose an AcF reference current calculation method, based on customers’ current harmonic emissions. The main novelty of the paper is the AcF reference current calculation method that considers only the customer’s contributions to the harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC). By separating the harmonic current at the PCC into components that can be attributed to the customer and to the network, it is possible to limit the required AcF power. To determine the customer’s emission, the customer’s harmonic impedance must be known. As the actual harmonic impedance cannot be determined in a real environment, a reference harmonic impedance can be used instead. To test the proposed AcF reference current calculation method, we developed a control algorithm of an AcF in the PSCAD software and tested this on a medium-voltage benchmark simulation model.

scholarly journals On active anti-islanding techniques: survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Yasser Ahmed Elshrief ◽  
Sameh Abd-Elhaleem ◽  
Belal Abo Zalam ◽  
Amin D. Asham
Keyword(s):  
Power Grid ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Islanding Detection ◽  
Detection Zone ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Detection Speed ◽  
Critical Aspects

The phenomenon of feeding loads from any distributed generators (DGs) with a total disconnection of utility grid at the point of common coupling is called Islanding. The DGs are usually independently controlled. Hence, when the islanding problem occurs, the electric utility loses the control and supervision over that section of the power grid. Furthermore, prolonged islanding can prevent reconnection to the power grid and may cause damage due to voltage and frequency excursions. Therefore, the islanding detection, which is also called anti-islanding (AI), is one of the most critical aspects of the integration of DG sources into the power grid. In this paper, a<strong> </strong>comprehensive survey on the local AI techniques is illustrated, especially active type which is used for improving the performance regarding the size of the non-detection zone and detection speed. Extensive comparisons are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of each technique.

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. P. Khozyainov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

The article carries out the experimental and analytical studies of three-blade wind power installation and gives the technique for measurements of angular rate of wind turbine rotation depending on the wind speeds, the rotating moment and its power. We have made the comparison of the calculation results according to the formulas offered with the indicators of the wind turbine tests executed in natural conditions. The tests were carried out at wind speeds from 0.709 m/s to 6.427 m/s. The wind power efficiency (WPE) for ideal traditional installation is known to be 0.45. According to the analytical calculations, wind power efficiency of the wind turbine with 3-bladed and 6 wind guide screens at wind speedsfrom 0.709 to 6.427 is equal to 0.317, and in the range of speed from 0.709 to 4.5 m/s – 0.351, but the experimental coefficient is much higher. The analysis of WPE variations shows that the work with the wind guide screens at insignificant average air flow velocity during the set period of time appears to be more effective, than the work without them. If the air flow velocity increases, the wind power efficiency gradually decreases. Such a good fit between experimental data and analytical calculations is confirmed by comparison of F-test design criterion with its tabular values. In the design of wind turbines, it allows determining the wind turbine power, setting the geometrical parameters and mass of all details for their efficient performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document