scholarly journals Assessment of Social Acceptance for Autonomous Vehicles in Southeastern Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5778
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dudziak ◽  
Monika Stoma ◽  
Andrzej Kuranc ◽  
Jacek Caban
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The Impact

New technologies reaching out for meeting the needs of an aging population in developed countries have given rise to the development and gradual implementation of the concept of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and have even made it a necessity and an important business paradigm. However, in parallel, there is a discussion about consumer preferences and the willingness to pay for new car technologies and intelligent vehicle options. The main aim of the study was to analyze the impact of selected factors on the perception of the future of autonomous cars by respondents from the area of Southeastern Poland in terms of a comparison with traditional cars, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of this concept. The research presented in this study was conducted in 2019 among a group of 579 respondents. Data analysis made it possible to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of the concept of introducing autonomous cars. A positive result of the survey is that 68% of respondents stated that AV will be gradually introduced to our market, which confirms the high acceptance of this technology by Poles. The obtained research results may be valuable information for governmental and local authorities, but also for car manufacturers and their future users. It is an important issue in the area of shaping the strategy of actions concerning further directions of development on the automotive market.

scholarly journals An Efficiency Enhancing Methodology for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles in an Urban Network Adopting Deep Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang-Duy Tran ◽  
Sang-Hoon Bae
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Learning Agents ◽  
Policy Optimization ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of congestion, it is necessary to improve our overall understanding of the influence of the autonomous vehicle. Recently, deep reinforcement learning has become an effective means of solving complex control tasks. Accordingly, we show an advanced deep reinforcement learning that investigates how the leading autonomous vehicles affect the urban network under a mixed-traffic environment. We also suggest a set of hyperparameters for achieving better performance. Firstly, we feed a set of hyperparameters into our deep reinforcement learning agents. Secondly, we investigate the leading autonomous vehicle experiment in the urban network with different autonomous vehicle penetration rates. Thirdly, the advantage of leading autonomous vehicles is evaluated using entire manual vehicle and leading manual vehicle experiments. Finally, the proximal policy optimization with a clipped objective is compared to the proximal policy optimization with an adaptive Kullback–Leibler penalty to verify the superiority of the proposed hyperparameter. We demonstrate that full automation traffic increased the average speed 1.27 times greater compared with the entire manual vehicle experiment. Our proposed method becomes significantly more effective at a higher autonomous vehicle penetration rate. Furthermore, the leading autonomous vehicles could help to mitigate traffic congestion.

Current Developments in Autonomous Vehicle Policy in the United States: Federalism’s Influence in State and National Regulatory Law and Policy

Global Jurist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Salatiello ◽  
Troy B. Felver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Law ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Abstract With the advent of autonomous vehicles, especially self-driving cars, there is great promise for society. However, cars are not islands; they operate in a community of vehicles. Laws and regulations are crafted to allow the maximum benefit for the community while imposing the fewest costs. Unfortunately, a full accounting of these benefits and costs is not entirely clear at promulgation. Because the technologies and how they will be used are so uncertain, regulatory bodies have to try to build on what they have done in the past, sometimes successfully and sometimes unevenly. This paper will examine several regulatory attempts involving these new technologies in the United States, both on the federal and state levels. Also considered will be the interaction of these regulations under a federal system with defined and specific responsibilities for both sovereigns. A view on future developments is provided to gauge the directions additional regulation could take. Finally, generalizable lessons from this approached will be summarized.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Influence, Technophobia, and Perceived Safety on Autonomous Vehicle Technology Adoption

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Sahil Koul ◽  
Ali Eydgahi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between social influence, technophobia, perceived safety of autonomous vehicle technology, number of automobile-related accidents and the intention to use autonomous vehicles. The methodology was a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. Theory of Planned Behavior provided the underlying theoretical framework. An online survey was the primary method of data collection. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. This study found that both social influence and perceived safety of autonomous vehicle technology had significant, positive relationships with the intention to use autonomous vehicles. Additionally, a significant negative relationship was found among technophobia and intention to use autonomous vehicles. However, no relationship was found between the number of automobile-related accidents and intention to use autonomous vehicles. This study presents several original and significant findings as a contribution to the literature on autonomous vehicle technology adoption and proposes new dimensions of future research within this emerging field.

China will make rapid progress in autonomous vehicles

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Smart Cars ◽  
The Military

Subject China's policies to develop the autonomous vehicle sector. Significance Chinese policymakers believe the size of their domestic market will give China’s vehicle makers the scale to lead the world in autonomous cars. The National Development and Reform Commission expects that 50% of new vehicles sold in China by 2020 will be ‘smart cars’, that is, with partial or fully autonomous functions. Impacts Policies do not explicitly favour fleet vehicles over private cars, but fleet vehicles are likely to lead adoption. Self-driving fleet services are a future way to provide mobility for a growing elderly population. Regardless of international concerns about protectionism, all levels of government will use preferential procurement to support the sector. China's civilian autonomous vehicle sector will benefit from dual-use technology developed by the military.

scholarly journals The Gender Issue in Entrepreneurship Activity: the Current Perception of Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Kharlamova ◽  
A. Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gem Data

Today, the issue of gender and equal opportunities for women and men is raised more and more often. That is despite the fact that in developed countries there are very massive feminization trends. Нowever, the development of new technologies, the transition to online life brings gender issues to the fore in the context of new geoeconomic challenges, such as the development of creative industries, digitalization, rising unemployment, growing social and economic inequality. Looking to the future is impossible without understanding the impact of the past. This paper examines three countries, principle economic partners of Ukraine, which had a socialist past, although formed in different socio-cultural vectors, and those that show different rates of development and use different economic models. The working hypothesisis as follows: whether gender entrepreneurship differs in these countries. The database is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM) and investigated using statistical and econometric methods. The results showed that with the maximum similarity of perceptions of entrepreneurs in analyzed countries, the gender difference still exists in the direction of greater entrepreneurial activity of women in the country, which shows higher economic performance today. It should be noted that the main problem and limitation of this study is the source of data, which is based on monitoring, which does not cover all countries of the world, so in particular it does not contain data on Ukraine. In addition, from the point of view of the input data collected by GEM, we have almost equal proportions of surveyed men and women, both in general and those engaged in entrepreneurial activities. But this is not fully representative. Because demographic composition in these countries differs. It is also worth noting that the GEM data is a survey conducted by a trusted institution in the country, which is not fully representative for cross-country comparison.

Witness of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Ayvaz ◽  
Salih Cemil Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for autonomous cars to establish trusted parties by combining distributed ledgers and self-driving cars in the traffic to provide single version of the truth and thus build public trust. Design/methodology/approach The model, which the authors call Witness of Things, is based on keeping decision logs of autonomous vehicles in distributed ledgers through the use of vehicular networks and vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure (or vice versa) communications. The model provides a single version of the truth and thus helps enable the autonomous vehicle industry, related organizations and governmental institutions to discover the true causes of road accidents and their consequences in investigations. Findings In this paper, the authors explored one of the potential effects of blockchain protocol on autonomous vehicles. The framework provides a solution for operating autonomous cars in an untrusted environment without needing a central authority. The model can also be generalized and applied to other intelligent unmanned systems. Originality/value This study proposes a blockchain protocol-based record-keeping model for autonomous cars to establish trusted parties in the traffic and protect single version of the truth.

scholarly journals Switching LPS to LED Streetlight May Dramatically Reduce Activity and Foraging of Bats

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kerbiriou ◽  
Kévin Barré ◽  
Léa Mariton ◽  
Julie Pauwels ◽  
Georges Zissis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Reduce Activity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Artificial light at night is considered a major threat to biodiversity, especially for nocturnal species, as it reduces habitat availability, quality, and functionality. Since the recent evolution in light technologies in improving luminous efficacy, developed countries are experiencing a renewal of their lighting equipment that reaches its end-of-life, from conventional lighting technologies to light emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite potential cascading impacts of such a shift on nocturnal fauna, few studies have so far dealt with the impact of the renewal of street lighting by new technologies. Specifically, only one study, by Rowse et al.2016, examined the effects of switching from widely used low pressure sodium (LPS) lamps to LEDs, using bats as biological models. This study was based on a before-after-control-impact paired design (BACIP) at 12 pairs in the UK, each including one control and one experimental streetlight. If Rowse et al. 2016 showed no effect of switching to LEDs streetlights on bat activity, the effects of respective changes in light intensity and spectrum were not disentangled when testing switch effects. Here, we conduct a retrospective analysis of their data to include these covariates in statistical models with the aim of disentangling the relative effects of these light characteristics. Our re-analysis clearly indicates that the switches in spectrum and in intensity with replacement of LPS with LED lamps have significant additive and interactive effects, on bat activity. We also show that bat activity and buzz ratio decrease with increasing LED intensity while an opposite effect is observed with LPS lamps. Hence, the loss or the gain in bat activity when lamp types, i.e., spectrum, are switched strongly depends on the initial and new lamp intensities. Our results stress the need to consider simultaneously the effects of changes in the different lights characteristics when street lighting changes. Because switches from LPS to LED lamps can lead to an increase in light intensity, such technological changes may involve a reduction of bat activity in numerous cases, especially at high LED intensities. Since we are currently at an important crossroad in lighting management, we recommend to limit LED intensity and improve its spectral composition toward warmer colors to limit potential deleterious impacts on bat activity.

Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2606 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M. Clements ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Pain And Suffering

Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, traffic police, medical, insurance, and legal services. CAVs will also lead to new methods for managing travel demand and the repurposing of curbside and off-street parking and will generate major savings from productivity gains during hands-free travel and reduction of pain and suffering costs from crashes. If CAVs eventually capture a large share of the automotive market, they are estimated to have economic impacts of $1.2 trillion or $3,800 per American per year. This paper presents important considerations for CAVs’ overall effects and quantifies those impacts.

scholarly journals Vehicle Electrification Impacts on Energy Consumption for Different Connected-Autonomous Vehicle Scenario Runs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ehsan Sabri Islam ◽  
Ayman Moawad ◽  
Namdoo Kim ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Transportation system simulation is a widely accepted approach to evaluate the impact of transport policy deployment. In developing a transportation system deployment model, the energy impact of the model is extremely valuable for sustainability and validation. It is expected that different penetration levels of Connected-Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) will impact travel behavior due to changes in potential factors such as congestion, miles traveled, etc. Along with such impact analyses, it is also important to further quantify the regional energy impact of CAV deployment under different factors of interest. The objective of this paper is to study the energy consumption of electrified vehicles in the future for different penetration levels of CAVs deployment in the City of Chicago. The paper will further provide a statistical analysis of the results to evaluate the impact of the different penetration levels on the different electrified powertrains used in the study.

scholarly journals The iconography of vehicle automation—a focus group study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Richardson ◽  
Kirsten M. A. Revell ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Neville A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level 2

AbstractSAE level 2 and 3 semi-autonomous vehicles are widely available but, due to the nature of automation, their in-vehicle displays are required to communicate more complex information to the driver. Examination of interfaces from a variety of manufacturers revealed a clear lack of consistency in the way key information is displayed. Different manufacturers have adopted icons varying in shape and colour to convey the same message. When driving a semi-autonomous vehicle, mode awareness is critical for trust, performance and safety. Standardisation of icons has been shown to have many benefits including opening products up to wider international markets by helping overcome language and cultural barriers, by providing a method of communication which can surpass them. However, the current lack of standardisation in icon design could cause mode confusion and has little cross-vehicle compatibility. To understand the impact of mode confusion on users, a focus group was held in which participants were asked to interpret the meaning of icons from a variety of different driver interfaces. Ambiguity in user interpretations makes the case for the introduction of new ISO standard icons to better support drivers in SAE level 2 and 3 automated vehicles.

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