Witness of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Ayvaz ◽  
Salih Cemil Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for autonomous cars to establish trusted parties by combining distributed ledgers and self-driving cars in the traffic to provide single version of the truth and thus build public trust. Design/methodology/approach The model, which the authors call Witness of Things, is based on keeping decision logs of autonomous vehicles in distributed ledgers through the use of vehicular networks and vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure (or vice versa) communications. The model provides a single version of the truth and thus helps enable the autonomous vehicle industry, related organizations and governmental institutions to discover the true causes of road accidents and their consequences in investigations. Findings In this paper, the authors explored one of the potential effects of blockchain protocol on autonomous vehicles. The framework provides a solution for operating autonomous cars in an untrusted environment without needing a central authority. The model can also be generalized and applied to other intelligent unmanned systems. Originality/value This study proposes a blockchain protocol-based record-keeping model for autonomous cars to establish trusted parties in the traffic and protect single version of the truth.

China will make rapid progress in autonomous vehicles

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Smart Cars ◽  
The Military

Subject China's policies to develop the autonomous vehicle sector. Significance Chinese policymakers believe the size of their domestic market will give China’s vehicle makers the scale to lead the world in autonomous cars. The National Development and Reform Commission expects that 50% of new vehicles sold in China by 2020 will be ‘smart cars’, that is, with partial or fully autonomous functions. Impacts Policies do not explicitly favour fleet vehicles over private cars, but fleet vehicles are likely to lead adoption. Self-driving fleet services are a future way to provide mobility for a growing elderly population. Regardless of international concerns about protectionism, all levels of government will use preferential procurement to support the sector. China's civilian autonomous vehicle sector will benefit from dual-use technology developed by the military.

Transportation Planning for Connected Autonomous Vehicles: How It All Fits Together

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (51) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby J. Cottam
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Pilot Programs ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure

As connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology continues to evolve and rapidly develop new capabilities, it is becoming increasingly important for transportation planners to consider the effects that these vehicles will have on the transportation network. It is evident that this trend has already started; over 60% of long-range transportation plans in the largest urban areas now include some discussion of CAVs, up from just 6% in 2015. There are also numerous CAV pilot programs currently underway that entail testing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) interaction in both isolated and real-world environments. In this review of the current assessments for CAV impacts, two primary trends are identified. First, there is a great deal of uncertainty that is not being explicitly considered and properly accounted for in the transportation-network planning process. Second, the predictions that are being made are not considering potential policy or planning actions that could shape or affect the impacts of CAVs. This paper provides a picture of how ongoing CAV research interacts with current transportation planning practices by examining how the methods, the ranges of predictions, and the different sources of uncertainty in each method impact the planning process and potential system outcomes. Finally, it will identify best practices from decision analysis to help plan the best possible future transportation networks.

Developing the guidelines for managing autonomous vehicle flows on congested highways: A case study of MD-100

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972098687
Author(s):  
Ranteg S Rao ◽  
Sung Yoon Park ◽  
Gang-Len Chang
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Recognizing the need for responsible highway agencies to effectively manage emerging autonomous vehicles (AV) flows in contending with daily recurrent congestion, this study presents a systematic procedure for understanding the impacts of AV flows on traffic conditions under different AV behavioral mechanisms (i.e., car-following and lane-changing), and different penetration rates. Research results show that the presence of AV flows, depending on their adopted behavioral mechanisms, may have significant (either positive or negative) impacts on the overall traffic conditions. Hence, it is essential for responsible highway agencies to have proper operational guidelines to manage and coordinate AV flows. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, this study has carried out extensive simulation experiments using a congested segment of the MD-100 network (a multilane highway segment located in Maryland) under various AV penetration rates and observable behavioral patterns. The collected Measures of Effectiveness highlight that at each AV penetration level there exists a set of optimal behavioral patterns for the AV flows to coordinate with non-AV flows via the Vehicle to Infrastructure or Vehicle to Vehicle infrastructure so as to maximize the roadway capacity and minimize the resulting highway congestion.

scholarly journals Collaborative Autonomous Driving—A Survey of Solution Approaches and Future Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Sumbal Malik ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed Khan ◽  
Hesham El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intersection Management

Sooner than expected, roads will be populated with a plethora of connected and autonomous vehicles serving diverse mobility needs. Rather than being stand-alone, vehicles will be required to cooperate and coordinate with each other, referred to as cooperative driving executing the mobility tasks properly. Cooperative driving leverages Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication technologies aiming to carry out cooperative functionalities: (i) cooperative sensing and (ii) cooperative maneuvering. To better equip the readers with background knowledge on the topic, we firstly provide the detailed taxonomy section describing the underlying concepts and various aspects of cooperation in cooperative driving. In this survey, we review the current solution approaches in cooperation for autonomous vehicles, based on various cooperative driving applications, i.e., smart car parking, lane change and merge, intersection management, and platooning. The role and functionality of such cooperation become more crucial in platooning use-cases, which is why we also focus on providing more details of platooning use-cases and focus on one of the challenges, electing a leader in high-level platooning. Following, we highlight a crucial range of research gaps and open challenges that need to be addressed before cooperative autonomous vehicles hit the roads. We believe that this survey will assist the researchers in better understanding vehicular cooperation, its various scenarios, solution approaches, and challenges.

scholarly journals Traffic Flow Management of Autonomous Vehicles Using Platooning and Collision Avoidance Strategies

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Anum Mushtaq ◽  
Irfan ul Haq ◽  
Wajih un Nabi ◽  
Asifullah Khan ◽  
Omair Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Formation And Evolution

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) promise innovative solutions for traffic flow management, especially for congestion mitigation. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication depends on wireless technology where vehicles can communicate with each other about obstacles and make cooperative strategies to avoid these obstacles. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) also helps vehicles to make use of infrastructural components to navigate through different paths. This paper proposes an approach based on swarm intelligence for the formation and evolution of platoons to maintain traffic flow during congestion and collision avoidance practices using V2V and V2I communications. In this paper, we present a two level approach to improve traffic flow of AVs. At the first level, we reduce the congestion by forming platoons and study how platooning helps vehicles deal with congestion or obstacles in uncertain situations. We performed experiments based on different challenging scenarios during the platoon’s formation and evolution. At the second level, we incorporate a collision avoidance mechanism using V2V and V2I infrastructures. We used SUMO, Omnet++ with veins for simulations. The results show significant improvement in performance in maintaining traffic flow.

Autonomous vehicles: a review of the ethical, social and economic implications of the AI revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThere are ethical, legal, social and economic arguments surrounding the subject of autonomous vehicles. This paper aims to discuss some of the arguments to communicate one of the current issues in the rising field of artificial intelligence.Design/methodology/approachMaking use of widely available literature that the author has read and summarised showcasing her viewpoints, the author shows that technology is progressing every day. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are at the forefront of technological advancement today. The manufacture and innovation of new machines have revolutionised our lives and resulted in a world where we are becoming increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence.FindingsTechnology might appear to be getting out of hand, but it can be effectively used to transform lives and convenience.Research limitations/implicationsFrom robotics to autonomous vehicles, countless technologies have and will continue to make the lives of individuals much easier. But, with these advancements also comes something called “future shock”.Practical implicationsFuture shock is the state of being unable to keep up with rapid social or technological change. As a result, the topic of artificial intelligence, and thus autonomous cars, is highly debated.Social implicationsThe study will be of interest to researchers, academics and the public in general. It will encourage further thinking.Originality/valueThis is an original piece of writing informed by reading several current pieces. The study has not been submitted elsewhere.

Pedestrians, Autonomous Vehicles, and Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Millard-Ball
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Strategic Interactions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Time Autonomous

Autonomous vehicles, popularly known as self-driving cars, have the potential to transform travel behavior. However, existing analyses have ignored strategic interactions with other road users. In this article, I use game theory to analyze the interactions between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks. Because autonomous vehicles will be risk-averse, the model suggests that pedestrians will be able to behave with impunity, and autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift toward pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. At the same time, autonomous vehicle adoption may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.

scholarly journals Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Csitei
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Driving Cars

After clarifying the concepts of automated and autonomous vehicles, the purpose of the study is to investigate how reasonable the criminal sanction is arising from accidents caused by autonomous vehicles. The next question to be answered is that the definition of the crime according to the Hungarian law may be applied in case of traffic related criminal offences caused by automated and autonomous vehicles. During my research I paid special attention to two essential elements of criminal offence, namely the human act and guilt. Furthermore, I strived for finding solution for the next problem, as well: if the traffic related criminal offence is committed by driving an autonomous vehicle, how to define the subject of criminal liability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Social Acceptance for Autonomous Vehicles in Southeastern Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5778
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dudziak ◽  
Monika Stoma ◽  
Andrzej Kuranc ◽  
Jacek Caban
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The Impact

New technologies reaching out for meeting the needs of an aging population in developed countries have given rise to the development and gradual implementation of the concept of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and have even made it a necessity and an important business paradigm. However, in parallel, there is a discussion about consumer preferences and the willingness to pay for new car technologies and intelligent vehicle options. The main aim of the study was to analyze the impact of selected factors on the perception of the future of autonomous cars by respondents from the area of Southeastern Poland in terms of a comparison with traditional cars, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of this concept. The research presented in this study was conducted in 2019 among a group of 579 respondents. Data analysis made it possible to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of the concept of introducing autonomous cars. A positive result of the survey is that 68% of respondents stated that AV will be gradually introduced to our market, which confirms the high acceptance of this technology by Poles. The obtained research results may be valuable information for governmental and local authorities, but also for car manufacturers and their future users. It is an important issue in the area of shaping the strategy of actions concerning further directions of development on the automotive market.

Future Blockchain Technology for Autonomous Applications/Autonomous Vehicle

2022 ◽  
pp. 1027-1038
Author(s):  
Arnab Kumar Show ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Achintya Singhal ◽  
Gayathri N. ◽  
K. Vengatesan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The autonomous industry has rapidly grown for self-driving cars. The main purpose of autonomous industry is trying to give all types of security, privacy, secured traffic information to the self-driving cars. Blockchain is another newly established secured technology. The main aim of this technology is to provide more secured, convenient online transactions. By using this new technology, the autonomous industry can easily provide more suitable, safe, efficient transportation to the passengers and secured traffic information to the vehicles. This information can easily gather by the roadside units or by the passing vehicles. Also, the economical transactions can be possible more efficiently since blockchain technology allows peer-to-peer communications between nodes, and it also eliminates the need of the third party. This chapter proposes a concept of how the autonomous industry can provide more adequate, proper, and safe transportation with the help of blockchain. It also examines for the possibility that autonomous vehicles can become the future of transportation.

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