scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment for Supporting Dimensioning Battery Storage Systems in Micro-Grids for Residential Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6189
Author(s):  
Maria M. Symeonidou ◽  
Effrosyni Giama ◽  
Agis M. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
Lead Acid

The current EU energy and climate policy targets a significant reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the forthcoming years. Carbon pricing, embedded in the EU emissions trading system, aims at achieving emission reductions in a more evenly spread way and at the lowest overall cost for society, compared with other environmental policy tools, such as coal or electricity taxes, or incentives such as subsidies on renewables. Still, the implementation of the decarbonization policy depends on several technical parameters such as the type, size and connectivity of the energy system as well as economic restrictions that occur. Within this paper, an optimization tool will be presented, focusing on cleaner energy production and on the control and reduction of environmental impact regarding energy storage solutions. Various types of batteries are examined and evaluated towards this direction. Emphasis is given to setting new criteria for the decision-making process, considering the size of battery storage and the selection of the battery type based on the environmental impact assessment parameter. The objective function of the system is formulated so as to evaluate, monitor and finally minimize environmental emissions, focusing mainly on carbon emissions. Optimization is carried out based on mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Two of the main battery types compared are lead–acid and lithium-ion; both of them result in results worth mentioning regarding the replacement impact (seven times during system lifetime for lead–acid) and the total environmental impact comparison (lithium-ion may reach a 60% reduction compared to lead–acid). Case studies are presented based on representative scenarios solved, which underline the importance of choosing the appropriate scope for each case and demonstrate the potential of the tool developed, as well as the possibilities for its further improvement.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahyun Kang ◽  
Tae Yong Jung
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Lead Acid

The national electrification rate of North Korea is extremely low and the situation in rural areas is even worse. Thus, this study designs a virtual electrification project for a rural village in North Pyongan and compares an off-grid energy system and on-grid system in terms of net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to define the most cost-effective energy system. Using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER), this study designs two off-grid systems that apply different types of batteries—lead–acid and lithium-ion energy storage systems (ESS)—and determines the NPC and LCOE of the most cost-effective system. Then, it calculates the NPC and LCOE of grid extension by adding necessary costs required for generation, transmission, and distribution. The result shows that the hybrid energy system (HES) of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, lead–acid batteries, and diesel generators is the most cost-effective option for the selected location. The range of breakeven grid-extension distance is from 9.69 km to 20.57 km. The sensitivity analysis based on different discount rates shows that a higher discount rate means a shorter breakeven distance. This analysis suggests that deploying an HES is one way to improve the electrification rate for remote and rural areas in North Korea.

scholarly journals Optimal Battery Storage Participation in European Energy and Reserves Markets

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6629
Author(s):  
Kristina Pandžić ◽  
Ivan Pavić ◽  
Ivan Andročec ◽  
Hrvoje Pandžić
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Program ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Battery Energy

Battery energy storage is becoming an important asset in modern power systems. Considering the market prices and battery storage characteristics, reserve provision is a tempting play fields for such assets. This paper aims at filling the gap by developing a mathematically rigorous model and applying it to the existing and future electricity market design in Europe. The paper presents a bilevel model for optimal battery storage participation in day-ahead energy market as a price taker, and reserve capacity and activation market as a price maker. It uses an accurate battery charging model to reliably represent the behavior of real-life lithium-ion battery storage. The proposed bilevel model is converted into a mixed-integer linear program by using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. The case study uses real-life data on reserve capacity and activation costs and quantities in German markets. The reserves activation quantities and activation prices are modeled by a set of credible scenarios in the lower-level problem. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to comprehend to what extent do battery storage bidding prices affect its overall profit.

scholarly journals Electricity Storage in Local Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Seward ◽  
Weiqi Hua ◽  
Meysam Qadrdan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Electricity Storage

Traditionally, power system operation has relied on supply side flexibility from large fossil-based generation plants to managed swings in supply and/or demand. An increase in variable renewable generation has increased curtailment of renewable electricity and variations in electricity prices. Consumers can take advantage of volatile electricity prices and reduce their bills using electricity storage. With reduced fossil-based power generation, traditional methods for balancing supply and demand must change. Electricity storage offers an alternative to fossil-based flexibility, with an increase expected to support high levels of renewable generation. Electrochemical storage is a promising technology for local energy systems. In particular, lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and high efficiency. However, despite their 89% decrease in capital cost over the last 10 years, lithium-ion batteries are still relatively expensive. Local energy systems with battery storage can use their battery for different purposes such as maximising their self-consumption, minimising their operating cost through energy arbitrage which is storing energy when the electricity price is low and releasing the energy when the price increases, and increasing their revenue by providing flexibility services to the utility grid. Power rating and energy capacity are vitally important in the design of an electricity storage system. A case study is given for the purpose of providing a repeatable methodology for optimally sizing of a battery storage system for a local energy system. The methodology can be adapted to include any local energy system generation or demand profile.

Multi-Criteria Optimal Design of Hybrid Clean Energy System with Battery Storage Considering Off- and On-Grid Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 125808
Author(s):  
Saber Arabi-Nowdeh ◽  
Shohreh Nasri ◽  
Parvin Barat Saftjani ◽  
Amirreza Naderipour ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Grid Application

scholarly journals Biohydrogen from Microalgae: Production and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Antonina Rita Limongi ◽  
Emanuele Viviano ◽  
Maria De Luca ◽  
Rosa Paola Radice ◽  
Giuliana Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Natural Way

The need to safeguard our planet by reducing carbon dioxide emissions has led to a significant development of research in the field of alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has proved to be the most promising molecule, as a fuel, due to its low environmental impact. Even if various methods already exist for producing hydrogen, most of them are not sustainable. Thus, research focuses on the biological sector, studying microalgae, and other microorganisms’ ability to produce this precious molecule in a natural way. In this review, we provide a description of the biochemical and molecular processes for the production of biohydrogen and give a general overview of one of the most interesting technologies in which hydrogen finds application for electricity production: fuel cells.

The requirements and constraints of storage technology in isolated microgrids: a comparative analysis of lithium-ion vs. lead-acid batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Santos-Pereira ◽  
Jefferson D. F. Pereira ◽  
Leonilson S. Veras ◽  
Diego L. S. Cosme ◽  
Denisson Q. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Lead Acid

scholarly journals Interdependencies of Infrastructure Investment Decisions in Multi-Energy Systems—A Sensitivity Analysis for Urban Residential Areas

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-145
Author(s):  
Daniel Then ◽  
Johannes Bauer ◽  
Tanja Kneiske ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Optimization

Considering the European Union (EU) climate targets, the heating sector should be decarbonized by 80 to 95% up to 2050. Thus, the macro-trends forecast increasing energy efficiency and focus on the use of renewable gas or the electrification of heat generation. This has implications for the business models of urban electricity and in particular natural gas distribution network operators (DNOs): When the energy demand decreases, a disproportionately long grid is operated, which can cause a rise of grid charges and thus the gas price. This creates a situation in which a self-reinforcing feedback loop starts, which increases the risk of gas grid defection. We present a mixed integer linear optimization model to analyze the interdependencies between the electricity and gas DNOs’ and the building owners’ investment decisions during the transformation path. The results of the investigation in a real grid area are used to validate the simulation setup of a sensitivity analysis of 27 types of building collectives and five grid topologies, which provides a systematic insight into the interrelated system. Therefore, it is possible to identify building and grid configurations that increase the risk of a complete gas grid shutdown and those that should be operated as a flexibility option in a future renewable energy system.

scholarly journals Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6304
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Ioan Așchilean ◽  
Nicoleta Cobîrzan ◽  
Andrei Mircea Bolboacă ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document