scholarly journals Social Enterprise in Small Hydropower (SHP) Owned by a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) between a Food Cooperative and a Social Venture Company; a Case Study of the 20 kW Shiraito (Step3) SHP in Itoshima City, Fukuoka (Japan)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6727
Author(s):  
Zafar Alam ◽  
Yoshinobu Watanabe ◽  
Shazia Hanif ◽  
Tatsuro Sato ◽  
Tokihiko Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
The Government

There was an unprecedented growth of SHP (small hydropower) in Japan during recent years because the government has provided a high FIT (USD 0.32/kWh) for SHP development projects of less than 200 kW. The public and private sectors are committed to harnessing this natural energy to achieve the renewable energy goal as well as to improve local communities social and economic conditions. This paper will discuss about renewable energy initiatives by a food corporation enterprise (FCOOP) based in Fukuoka prefecture of Japan to reduce their net carbon emissions. A detailed approach for social enterprises-based SHP development has been discussed which will be a role model concept for other social enterprises in Japan and in the world that are willing to reduce CO2 emissions. Also, this kind of project connects urban stake holders with local community where resources are available and it leads to development of the local community living standards. As a demonstrated example, a case study of a 20 kW SHP installed in Japan by a FCOOP has been discussed.

scholarly journals Community-Based Business on Small Hydropower (SHP) in Rural Japan: A Case Study on a Community Owned SHP Model of Ohito Agricultural Cooperative

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349
Author(s):  
Zafar Alam ◽  
Yoshinobu Watanabe ◽  
Shazia Hanif ◽  
Tatsuro Sato ◽  
Tokihiko Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
National Government ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Problem Solving Skills

Energy is the prerequisite for social and economic development of a community and country. In Japan, national government is promoting small hydropower (SHP) through a renewable energy policy by providing a high FIT price of 34 yen (=0.32 US$/kWh) on energy generated from an SHP of less than 200 kW. Until now, the energy generation was controlled by national government agencies, but now independent power generation businesses are growing at the local community level in rural Japan. For the future growth of SHP, it is necessary to make electricity generation at the local community level. Therefore, these local communities will install and manage their renewable electricity by themselves. It will help to make the community self-sustainable and independent from the national government, and at the same time, it will also lead them to achieve the Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) target from community-based action. This paper aimed to discuss an SHP development business model in which local community will become the business owner of the SHP. It means “of the community, by the community and for the community”. The community identifies their renewable energy potential and needs, they borrow money from the financial organization or banks, install the power plant and do necessary maintenance and management by themselves. The revenue earned by selling electricity is used to repay the loan, and the rest is used for community development directly (such as local roads construction, agriculture land improvements, community hall maintenance, waterways maintenance, welfare, etc.). This paper also discussed a community-based 50 kW SHP installed in Miyazaki prefecture of Japan as a case study. This SHP is one of the best examples of a community ownership model (Community-based business model). A detailed explanation from planning to investment has been discussed. The local community is getting approximately 112,000 USD per year by selling the electricity, and 162-ton CO2 is estimated to decrease yearly, which will support the achievement of SDGs. Finally, installing this kind of SHP in remote areas will provide managerial skills to the local community directly, plant operation knowledge, and education to local students. Local communities learn the problem-solving skills, which lead them to solve the local problem on a community level by themselves.

scholarly journals An Examination of Rural Homestay Operations through the Lens of the Sustainable Livelihood Framework: A Case Study of Phou Khao Khouay National Park Community-Based Tourism (PKK NP CBT), Lao PDR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Khamsavay Pasanchay
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Framework ◽  
The Government

<p>In many developing countries, Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is regarded as a sustainable tourism development tool as well as a catalyst for rural community development through the involvement of local people and the improvement of the standard of living. To extend the involvement of the local community in CBT, homestay tourism is a form of operation unit and its concept aims to facilitate individual household social-cultural and economic benefit from CBT directly. Although homestays are widely regarded as providing better livelihoods directly to the homestay operators, it is not clear to what extent homestay operations actually contribute to the sustainable livelihood of homestay operators when considering the wider livelihood implications. This research seeks to explore this gap by analysing homestay operators through the lens of Sustainable Livelihood theory (Scoones, 1998). This research adopts a post-positivist paradigm with qualitative methodology. Taking a case study approach, semi-structured interviews and observations were employed to collect primary data from community leaders, heads and deputy heads of the tourist guides, and homestay operators themselves.  Results of the study found that although homestay tourism was initially established by the government. The study also found the main characteristics of the homestay operation are in a small size with a limitation of bedrooms, and a few family members involved in hosting tourists, which are husband, wife, and an adult child. All of these people are unpaid labour but receive benefits from the sharing of food and shelter. The study also uncovered that cash-based income, gender empowerment enhancement, and environmental enhancement were the positive impacts of homestay tourism on the livelihoods of the homestay operators, and these positive livelihood outcomes were in line with the original sustainable livelihood framework. In addition, cultural revitalisation was found as an emerged indicator of the sustainable livelihood outcomes, which was used to extend the revised framework. However, the study discovered that opportunity costs, culture shock, and conflict with villagers were negative implications affecting sustainable livelihood outcomes of the homestay operators. The revised Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) suggests that if these negative implications are mitigated, the overall livelihood outcomes will be even greater. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of how the impacts of homestay tourism on the sustainable livelihood of the homestay operators.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding competing and conflicting interests for peri-urban land in Ethiopia’s era of urbanization

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamyeleh Gashu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Business Sector ◽  
Desk Review

Understanding the competing and conflicting interests in peri-urban land is crucial for informed decisions and well-managed urbanization. These interests in peri-urban land in Ethiopia are explored from a political economy perspective, using desk review and case study research. The findings show that the state, the private business sector and the local community are the three main sets of players with competing interests in peri-urban land, which has resulted in the rapid conversion of farmland into built-up urban property. The more land is expropriated by government agents, and the more land is developed by developers, the more revenues are collected by the government and the more profit is realized by developers and dealers, but with less opportunity and security for local communities in the peri-urban areas. Therefore, urban spatial expansion and development programmes in urban fringe areas require purposeful intervention of the government in a way that can accommodate the interests of all parties without conflict.

How social enterprises called benefit organisations fulfil the triple bottom line

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Hem Raj Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Holistic Thinking ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Paradoxical Thinking

The purpose of this qualitative multi-case study was to explore how the leaders of benefit organisations fulfil the triple bottom line (social, economic, and environmental missions) of social enterprises that were formed as benefit corporations, benefit LLCs (limited liability companies), and certified benefit corporations between 2010 and 2015 in Maryland and Virginia. The theoretical foundation used for this study was the triple bottom line (TBL) model. This research contributed to the existing body of knowledge by investigating the interdependence between the three components of the TBL. Thirteen top leaders of benefit organisations participated in this study. The data were collected from documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The key findings of this study indicated that leaders of social enterprises used holistic thinking instead of paradoxical thinking to fulfil the TBL. These leaders developed internal and external collaboration and coordination to accomplish the triple missions. Finally, the data of this study revealed the synergistic interrelationships between these missions.

scholarly journals Resolusi Konflik Terhadap Pesta Demokrasi (Analisis Sosio-Politik Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Bulukumba)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
St. Haniah ◽  
Sam’un Mukramin
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conflict Resolutions ◽  
Latent Function ◽  
Implementation Stage

Elections for Regional Heads always experience the complexity of problems that lead to prolonged social conflicts without massive evaluation to minimize them. Not a few also happened, which involved various society and government institutions that participated in the contest. The research objective was to analyze and find the resolution of conflicts in Bulukumba Regency due to the democratic party of the Regional Head General Election. The research method is presented in a descriptive qualitative form with a case study approach. Primary and secondary data sources with data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was data carried out through reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusions based on the data's validity. Among the conflict resolutions formulated, namely: a) local wisdom is the locomotive of peace to minimize social conflicts that lead to social disintegration. The implementation stage is a collective awareness built by the local community itself as an essential building for existing values and norms, b) The adaptation roles and of institutional functions in breaking down and applying rules is a potential superior as a latent function and a real function in preventing social conflicts that will occur, both micro and macro aspects that lead to movements preventive, persuasive and repressive role, and c) To suppress behavior deviant during the democratic party process, money politics must be stopped and avoided by the existence of associative relationships between the community and local wisdom values and the government through adaptive roles and functions. Institution authorized social.

scholarly journals Community-Led Micro-Hydropower Development and Landcare: A Case Study of Networking Activities of Local Residents and Farmers in the Gokase Township (Japan)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Tokihiko Fujimoto ◽  
Kazuki Kagohashi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Local Residents

This paper aims at clarifying the determinants that promote the community-based renewable energy development in Japan, with a special focus on micro and small hydropower. This paper analyzes a case study of the social enterprise that was established by the local residents and farmers in the Gokase Township, the purpose of which is to install and develop community-based renewable energy. To analyze the case study, we adopt the framework of the Landcare approach. The Landcare approach can be characterized by the following guiding principles: (1) a strong community initiative guided by local residents and primary producers; (2) a focus on local problems; (3) a holistic and integrated approach to tackling problems; (4) stress on community well-being; and (5) partnership and networking. There are similarities between the Gokase Research Institute of Renewable Energy (GRIRE) and Landcare in that they both focus on local issues that can be tackled by local citizens and take a holistic approach that includes not only hydropower development but also improvement in community well-being. This paper examines the fitness of each principle and reveals that all of them fit fairly well with the case of micro-hydropower development in Gokase. This implies that micro-hydropower development in Gokase can be qualitatively evaluated as sustainable from the perspective of Sustainable Development theory.

scholarly journals An Examination of Rural Homestay Operations through the Lens of the Sustainable Livelihood Framework: A Case Study of Phou Khao Khouay National Park Community-Based Tourism (PKK NP CBT), Lao PDR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Khamsavay Pasanchay
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Framework ◽  
The Government

<p>In many developing countries, Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is regarded as a sustainable tourism development tool as well as a catalyst for rural community development through the involvement of local people and the improvement of the standard of living. To extend the involvement of the local community in CBT, homestay tourism is a form of operation unit and its concept aims to facilitate individual household social-cultural and economic benefit from CBT directly. Although homestays are widely regarded as providing better livelihoods directly to the homestay operators, it is not clear to what extent homestay operations actually contribute to the sustainable livelihood of homestay operators when considering the wider livelihood implications. This research seeks to explore this gap by analysing homestay operators through the lens of Sustainable Livelihood theory (Scoones, 1998). This research adopts a post-positivist paradigm with qualitative methodology. Taking a case study approach, semi-structured interviews and observations were employed to collect primary data from community leaders, heads and deputy heads of the tourist guides, and homestay operators themselves.  Results of the study found that although homestay tourism was initially established by the government. The study also found the main characteristics of the homestay operation are in a small size with a limitation of bedrooms, and a few family members involved in hosting tourists, which are husband, wife, and an adult child. All of these people are unpaid labour but receive benefits from the sharing of food and shelter. The study also uncovered that cash-based income, gender empowerment enhancement, and environmental enhancement were the positive impacts of homestay tourism on the livelihoods of the homestay operators, and these positive livelihood outcomes were in line with the original sustainable livelihood framework. In addition, cultural revitalisation was found as an emerged indicator of the sustainable livelihood outcomes, which was used to extend the revised framework. However, the study discovered that opportunity costs, culture shock, and conflict with villagers were negative implications affecting sustainable livelihood outcomes of the homestay operators. The revised Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) suggests that if these negative implications are mitigated, the overall livelihood outcomes will be even greater. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of how the impacts of homestay tourism on the sustainable livelihood of the homestay operators.</p>

scholarly journals PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI TEMPATAN DALAM KEUSAHAWANAN PELANCONGAN: KAJIAN KES PULAU PERHENTIAN, MALAYSIA[ENGAGEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITY IN TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF PERHENTIAN ISLAND, MALAYSIA]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Md Sharif ◽  
Ku 'Azam Tuan Lonik
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

This study aims to examine the empowerment of local communities as tourism operators, as well as to analyze their perceptions of the economic impacts on Pulau Perhentian. The study used quantitative method involving 150 respondents comprising local communities working as tour operators. The respondents were recruited using purposive sampling and snowball technique. The findings reveal that the majority of tourism operators are male, aged between 25 to 44, with secondary level of education and married. Most of the operators have been managing their business for 16 to 20 years and have earned an estimated monthly income of RM1001.00 to RM2000.00. The study concludes that the tourism sector has contributed to: a) reducing unemployment rate, b) providing employment opportunities for women and single mothers, c) encouraging the involvement of local communities in the field of tourism entrepreneurial, e) generating income to communities, f) attracting foreign investors to invest, and g) reducing poverty rate. However, local communities are also affected by the negative impacts of the tourism sector such as: a) rising prices for goods and services, b) rising cost of living, and c) increasing the value of real estate and rental rates. This study is hoped to provide useful insights into the tourism entrepreneurship at Pulau Perhentian so that the government can take necessary actions in improving the sector.Keywords: Community empowerment, community involvement, island tourism entrepreneurial, entrepreneurial characteristics, economic impactCite as: Md Sharif, N. & Tuan Lonik, K.A. (2018). Penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam keusahawanan pelancongan: Kajian kes Pulau Perhentian, Malaysia [Engagement of local community in tourism entrepreneurship: A case study of Perhentian Island, Malaysia]. Journalof Nusantara Studies, 3(1),103-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp103-119  AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pemerkasaan komuniti tempatan sebagai pengusaha pelancongan, serta menganalisa persepsi mereka terhadap impak ekonomi di Pulau Perhentian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan 150 orang responden yang terdiri daripada komuniti tempatan yang terlibat sebagai pengusaha pelancongan dengan menggunakan prosedur persampelan jenis bertujuan dan bola salji. Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti pengusaha pelancongan tempatan adalah terdiri daripada lelaki, berumur 25 hingga 44 tahun, menerima pendidikan sehingga sekolah menengah dan berstatus berkahwin. Kebanyakan pengusaha menjalankan perniagaan selama 16 hingga 20 tahun dan memperoleh anggaran pendapatan bulanan RM1001 hingga RM2000. Kajian ini mendapati pembangunan sektor pelancongan di Pulau Perhentian berupaya: a) mengurangkan kadar pengangguran, b) memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada kaum wanita serta ibu tunggal, c) menyumbang kepada penglibatan komuniti tempatan dalam bidang keusahawanan pelancongan, d) menawarkan peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk, e) menyumbang kepada pendapatan penduduk, f) menarik minat pelabur asing untuk melabur, dan g) mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan. Namun, komuniti turut terkesan oleh impak negatif daripada sektor pelancongan seperti: a) peningkatan harga barangan dan perkhidmatan, b) peningkatan kos sara hidup, dan c) peningkatan nilai hartanah dan kadar sewa tanah. Dalam masa yang sama, pengusaha terlibat mengharapkan kerjasama daripada pihak kerajaan dalam memainkan peranan dalam memajukan industri pelancongan pulau tersebut.Kata kunci: Pemerkasaan komuniti, penglibatan komuniti, keusahawanan pelancongan pulau, ciri keusahawanan, impak ekonomi

scholarly journals Factors Influenced the Instilling of Islamic Values at Islamic Boarding School

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Firman Firman ◽  
Sholih Khudin Anam
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Values

Islamic boarding schools as educational institutions play a role to build  Islamic values. Islamic values are patterns or concepts that are upheld by Muslims with various main problems related to Islam. This type of research was qualitative descriptive research that was the process of research by conducting an assessment of phenomena, and events, in the life of students, by directly or indirectly involved in the settings studied. The main problem in this research is how factors influence the cultivation of Islamic values in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of the research was to examine the factors that influence the cultivation of Islamic values on students at the Islamic Boarding School of Hidayatullah Balikpapan. The methods of collecting data were conducted by observations, interviews, and documentation through researchers collecting data step by step and then concluded. The process of processing and analyzing data through three analysis activities simultaneously, namely: (1) data reduction (2) data display, (3) and concluding. The results of the research showed that the factors of cultivating Islamic values to students at the Islamic boarding school of Hidayatullah Balikpapan were (1) the integration of curriculum, (2) integrated between mosques, dormitories, and madrasah in the educational process, (3) the existence of qudwah (role model) from elders, community leaders, alumni, and seniors, (4) the support of the government and the local community. Meanwhile, Islamic values were instilled from the aspect of religion, worship, and morality.

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