HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES

The HRM development takes on particular importance as it is considered to be an organizational function that promotes and creates space for creativity, innovation, speed, efficiency and effectiveness, thus transforming the workforce into a precious asset to the organization. In this research we investigate to what extent parts of modern HRM policies are mostly implemented in Micro and Small enterprises in Kosovo and how do they impact efficiency of the businesses and their workers, we have developed and implemented some questionnaires related to the important variables of this issue. Businesses should be able to provide competitive advantages in the market, successfully cope with the rapid advancement of technology, the effects of globalization, and the need to have an effective and efficient workforce to better fulfil their economic objectives. The HRM has its role in lifelong learning and development of employees, employee relations with co-workers and management, human relations, as well as motivation of employees. The development of HR practices has an impact not only on the economic development of an organization but also on the creation of positive effects on a country’s economic and social development. This paper has basically descriptive and analytical research. The overall conclusion of the paper is that the efficient management of human resources has an impact on the development of the private business sector, and is positively related with increases in the efficiency of the employees and the firm, therefore the need for human resources management in private businesses is necessary and essential.

THE EFFECT OF TAXPAYERS’ AWARENESS ON TAX COMPLIANCE CASE OF PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR IN BANADIR REGION, MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

Tax is very important in any country around the world. Since revenue collected from taxes enables a country to provide services to its citizens and for developmental progress as well. This study is about the effect of taxpayers’ awareness on tax compliance of PBSs in the Banadir region and carried out with the scope of May 2018 to March 2019. The variables used in the study was the level of taxpayers’ knowledge and tax law. While the study was explanatory research design the target population of 250 from the private business sector within the Banadir region. Data collected by administered questionnaire and were analyzed in descriptive statistics using statistical package for social science (SPSS20.0) and is presented in form of the frequency distribution of tables. It was also found a Correlation coefficient of a positive moderate degree of 0.637 and independent variables have enough explanations for the dependent variable with R2 of 87% Thus, the study recommends there was a need for effective taxpayers’ awareness programs to improve tax compliance. Also, to reduce corruption, improve accountability, and establish effective independent revenue authority.

Sweat Equity in U.S. Private Business*

We develop a theory of sweat equity—the value of business owners’ time and expenses to build customer bases, client lists, and other intangible assets. We discipline the theory using data from U.S. national accounts, business censuses, and brokered sales to estimate a value for sweat equity in the private-business sector equal to 1.2 times U.S. GDP, which is about the same magnitude as the value of fixed assets in use in these businesses. For a typical owner, 26 percent of the sweat equity is transferable through inheritance or sale. The equity values are positively correlated with business incomes and standard measures of markups based on accounting data, but not with owners’ financial assets or standard measures of business total factor productivity. We use our theory to show that abstracting from sweat activity leads to a significant understatement of the impacts of lowering business income tax rates on private-business activity for both the extensive and intensive margins. Despite finding larger responses, our model’s implied tax elasticities of establishments and owner hours are in line with empirical estimates in the public finance literature. Allowing for financial constraints and superstar firms does not overturn our main findings.

A prospective review of renewable energy developments in Ethiopia

Ethiopia has a vast renewable energy potential in the context of hydro, wind, solar, and geothermal energies. The unsustainable use of biomass coupled with drought has caused a paradigm shift towards wind, geothermal, and solar energies. There have been significant strides by the Government of Ethiopia to actualize these potentials in the context of developing massive projects in these aforementioned areas with the private business sector in the goal of jettisoning the industrial base of Ethiopia in conjunction with increasing the installed power capacity from 4,300 MW to 17,346 MW by 2020. The major challenge still lies in assessing the comprehensive renewable energy resource potential of Ethiopia including the lack of local content development in the context of establishing an industrial base. There have been notable initiatives by the Government of Ethiopia to adhere to the Paris Climate Accord in conjunction with the Green Growth framework and Sustainability Development Goals. However, the top down approach of grand targets to the various regions is not the pragmatic approach to solving the Achilles heel of energy poverty. A more plausible approach is from the bottom up, whereby energy frameworks and policies are generated by conducting a needs assessment of a specified region. The appropriate technology concept needs to be reflected in the innovation aspects of renewable energy technologies. There has to be a framework of translating invention to innovation by actualizing the tripartite structure of Government, Academia, and Industry.

Coaching and mentoring: an overview for trainers in psychiatry

SUMMARY Although mentoring has been widely accepted as a support mechanism for newly appointed consultants, there are many other applications of coaching and mentoring that are less widely appreciated, such as in the development of leadership skills or in having coaching conversations with trainees to facilitate learning. This article summarises some of the basic principles and practices of coaching and mentoring, with a focus on useful knowledge for psychiatric trainers. It describes some of the qualities and skills needed in a coach or mentor; the use of questioning techniques and models; and how the coach or mentor needs an awareness of the importance of the contract in the coaching and mentoring relationship, of the role of coaching or mentoring supervision, and of the ability to evaluate coaching or mentoring. It also discusses some of the organisational context, challenges and opportunities of embedding coaching and mentoring more deeply into the work culture. It is argued that coaching and mentoring as supportive interventions have not been prioritised in the National Health Service in the same way that they have been in the private business sector, where performance and financial success are measurably increased by these techniques.

Understanding competing and conflicting interests for peri-urban land in Ethiopia’s era of urbanization

Understanding the competing and conflicting interests in peri-urban land is crucial for informed decisions and well-managed urbanization. These interests in peri-urban land in Ethiopia are explored from a political economy perspective, using desk review and case study research. The findings show that the state, the private business sector and the local community are the three main sets of players with competing interests in peri-urban land, which has resulted in the rapid conversion of farmland into built-up urban property. The more land is expropriated by government agents, and the more land is developed by developers, the more revenues are collected by the government and the more profit is realized by developers and dealers, but with less opportunity and security for local communities in the peri-urban areas. Therefore, urban spatial expansion and development programmes in urban fringe areas require purposeful intervention of the government in a way that can accommodate the interests of all parties without conflict.

Digitalization in the system of anti-corruption measures

The article is devoted to the current state of digitalization aimed at solving urgent problems of combating corruption in the field of public administration and private business sector. The work considers the experience of foreign countries and the influence of digital technologies on the fight against corruption. It is noted that the digitalization of public administration is becoming one of the decisive factors for increasing the efficiency of the anti-corruption system and improving management mechanisms. Big Data, if integrated and structured according to the given parameters, allows the implementation of legislative, law enforcement, control and supervisory and law enforcement activities reliably and transparently. Big Data tools allow us to analyze processes, identify dependencies and predict corruption risks. The author describes the most significant problems that complicate the transfer of offline technologies into the online environment. The paper analyzes promising directions for the development of digital technologies that would lead to solving the arising problems, as well as to implement tasks that previously seemed unreachable. The article also describes current developments in the field of collecting and managing large amounts of data, the “Internet of Things”, modern network architecture, and other advances in the field of IT; the work provides applied examples of their potential use in the field of combating corruption. The study gives reasons that, in the context of combating corruption, digitalization should be allocated in a separate area of activity that is controlled and regulated by the state.

An Overview of the Role of Non-State Actors in Preventing and Combatting Corruption in Botswana: Challenges and Opportunities

<p>Botswana has been lauded, regionally and internationally, for its commitment towards building a capable, democratic and developmental state. However, the country’s national anti-corruption agency, the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) has reported an increase in the number and complexity of cases of corruption. The objective of this paper is to assess the role of the non-state actors (NSAs) in fighting corruption in Botswana. This assessment is made by way of providing a description and analysis of the underlying challenges and opportunities confronting NSAs, specifically the private (business) sector, the private media and nongovernmental organisations in preventing and addressing corruption in Botswana. NSAs play a pivotal role in the development of any country by providing goods and services, creating awareness and sensitizing communities on political and socio-economic issues affecting them. Whereas NSAs have a key role to play in fighting corruption by monitoring the use of public resources, educating the public, condemning perpetrators, and contributing towards the implementation of anti-corruption instruments, they are confronted by political, legislative and institutional challenges that hinder their effectiveness in this regard. </p>

Cultural Intelligence and Employee Well-Being at Intercultural Environment; Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO & IGO) context.

The aim of this study is to explore relationship between Cultural intelligence CQ and Employee well-being, using cultural intelligence and employee well-being questionnarie.The research survey sampling to target is Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental organizations’ (NGO & IGO) employees and expatries that operating in Gaziantep,Turkey.These kind of organizations has providing social,economic,logistics development for both public and private business sector even in developed country,also emergency natural disaster and humanatarian aid around the globe.That is obvious we can not ignore that contributions of their international and national staff experience from different nationalities.Main outcome of our researche, there is a significant positive correlation between motivational CQ and employee well-beign. You can find details on the results of research.Keywords; Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations ( IGO&NGO ), Cultural Intelligence ( CQ ),Employee Well-Being.