scholarly journals A Study and Proposal for Applying Cooling Effect of Hybrid Ventilation to the Monthly Energy Demand Calculation Method in Korea

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7420
Author(s):  
Sangtae No
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Hybrid Ventilation ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

Countries around the world develop and use software based on the monthly calculation method of DIN V 18599:2007 and EN ISO13790 for building energy performance evaluations. The purpose of this study is to propose a method that can consider the effect of reducing cooling energy demand by hybrid ventilation outdoor air cooling in monthly calculation method-based software. For ventilation simulation, some representative floor plans and area types of Korean residential buildings were established through literature research. A number of dynamic energy simulations were performed for various building orientations, heights, and opening factors. Based on the simulation results, a nomograph that can calculate the cooling energy demand reduction factor according to hybrid ventilation that can be applied to the ventilation heat transfer coefficient is proposed.

scholarly journals TESTING THE NEW 3D BAG DATASET FOR ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
C. León-Sánchez ◽  
D. Giannelli ◽  
G. Agugiaro ◽  
J. Stoter
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Energy Simulations

Abstract. The 3D BAG v. 2.0 dataset has been recently released: it is a country-wide dataset containing all buildings in the Netherlands, modelled in multiple LoDs (LoD1.2, LoD1.3 and LoD2.2). In particular, the LoD2.2 allows differentiating between different thematic surfaces composing the building envelope. This paper describes the first steps to test and use the 3D BAG 2.0 to perform energy simulations and characterise the energy performance of the building stock. Two well-known energy simulation software packages have been tested: SimStadt and CitySim Pro. Particular care has been paid to generate a suitable, valid CityGML test dataset, located in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the central-eastern part of the Netherlands, that has been then used to test the energy simulation tools. Results from the simulation tools have been then stored into the 3D City Database, additionally extended to deal with the CityGML Energy ADE. The whole workflow has been checked in order to guarantee a lossless dataflow.The paper reports on the proposed workflow, the issues encountered, some solutions implemented, and what the next steps will be.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change for Thermal Comfort and Energy Performance of Residential Buildings in a Sub-Saharan African Climate

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dodoo ◽  
Ayarkwa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

This study presents an analysis of the impacts of climate change on thermal comfort and energy performance of residential buildings in Ghana, in sub-Saharan Africa, and explores mitigation as well as adaptation strategies to improve buildings’ performance under climate change conditions. The performances of the buildings are analyzed for both recent and projected future climates for the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana, using the IDA-ICE dynamic simulation software, with climate data from the Meteonorm global climate database. The results suggest that climate change will significantly influence energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings in Ghana. However, effective building design strategies could significantly improve buildings’ energy and indoor climate performances under both current and future climate conditions. The simulations show that the cooling energy demand of the analyzed building in the Greater Accra region is 113.9 kWh/m2 for the recent climate, and this increases by 31% and 50% for the projected climates for 2030 and 2050, respectively. For the analyzed building in the Ashanti region, the cooling energy demand is 104.4 kWh/m2 for the recent climate, and this increases by 6% and 15% for the 2030 and 2050 climates, respectively. Furthermore, indoor climate and comfort deteriorate under the climate change conditions, in contrast to the recent conditions.

scholarly journals Air Distribution and Air Handling Unit Configuration Effects on Energy Performance in an Air-Heated Ice Rink Arena

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Taebnia ◽  
Sander Toomla ◽  
Lauri Leppä ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Air Handling Unit ◽  
Cooling Coil ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

Indoor ice rink arenas are among the foremost consumers of energy within building sector due to their exclusive indoor conditions. A single ice rink arena may consume energy of up to 3500 MWh annually, indicating the potential for energy saving. The cooling effect of the ice pad, which is the main source for heat loss, causes a vertical indoor air temperature gradient. The objective of the present study is twofold: (i) to study vertical temperature stratification of indoor air, and how it impacts on heat load toward the ice pad; (ii) to investigate the energy performance of air handling units (AHU), as well as the effects of various AHU layouts on ice rinks’ energy consumption. To this end, six AHU configurations with different air-distribution solutions are presented, based on existing arenas in Finland. The results of the study verify that cooling energy demand can significantly be reduced by 38 percent if indoor temperature gradient approaches 1 °C/m. This is implemented through air distribution solutions. Moreover, the cooling energy demand for dehumidification is decreased to 59.5 percent through precisely planning the AHU layout, particularly at the cooling coil and heat recovery sections. The study reveals that a more customized air distribution results in less stratified indoor air temperature.

scholarly journals Application of Rough Set Theory (RST) to Forecast Energy Consumption in Buildings Undergoing Thermal Modernization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szul ◽  
Stanisław Kokoszka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

In many regions, the heat used for space heating is a basic item in the energy balance of a building and significantly affects its operating costs. The accuracy of the assessment of heat consumption in an existing building and the determination of the main components of heat loss depends to a large extent on whether the energy efficiency improvement targets set in the thermal upgrading project are achieved. A frequent problem in the case of energy calculations is the lack of complete architectural and construction documentation of the analyzed objects. Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for a quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. These methods should have satisfactory results in predicting energy consumption where the input is limited, inaccurate, or uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the usefulness of a model based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for estimating the thermal energy consumption of buildings undergoing an energy renovation. The research was carried out on a group of 109 thermally improved residential buildings, for which energy performance was based on actual energy consumption before and after thermal modernization. Specific sets of important variables characterizing the examined buildings were distinguished. The groups of variables were used to estimate energy consumption in such a way as to obtain a compromise between the effort of obtaining them and the quality of the forecast. This has allowed the construction of a prediction model that allows the use of a fast, relatively simple procedure to estimate the final energy demand rate for heating buildings.

scholarly journals Shortcomings and Suggestions to the EPC Recommendation List of Measures: In-Depth Interviews in Six Countries

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Gonzalez Caceres
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Great Portion ◽  
The Eu

Dwellings built between 1945 and 1980 have the largest energy demand in the EU, which by 2009 represented 70% of the final energy use in buildings. A great portion of these dwellings have not been retrofitted and most of them were not built with any energy efficiency measures, since most of the energy regulations were implemented after the oil crisis in the 70s. To face this issue several actions were taken in the EU, among these, the implementation of Energy Performance Certification, which includes a Recommendation List of Measures (RLMs) to retrofit the property. The main objective of this study is to identify the weaknesses of the RLMs and to suggest changes to improve the quality and impact of this feature. The results indicate that to retrofit an existing building, the RLMs lack information for decision-making. The study suggests important barriers to overcome for achieving potential energy reductions in existing residential buildings, highlighting improvements to the recommendation content and its implementation.

scholarly journals Framework for Developing a Low-Carbon Energy Demand in Residential Buildings Using Community-Government Partnership: An Application in Saudi Arabia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Mohammad AlHashmi ◽  
Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha ◽  
Kh Md. Nahiduzzaman ◽  
Kasun Hewage ◽  
Rehan Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Geographical Regions

Rapid population growth has led to significant demand for residential buildings around the world. Consequently, there is a growing energy demand associated with increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The residential building energy demand in arid countries such as Saudi Arabia is supplied with fossil fuel. The existing consumption pattern of fossil fuels in Saudi Arabia is less sustainable due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources and resulting environmental impacts. Buildings built in hot and arid climatic conditions demand high energy for creating habitable indoor environments. Enormous energy is required to maintain a cool temperature in hot regions. Moreover, climate change may have different impacts on hot climatic regions and affect building energy use differently. This means that different building interventions may be required to improve the performance of building energy performance in these geographical regions, thereby reducing the emissions of GHGs. In this study, this framework has been applied to Saudi Arabia, a hot and arid country. This research proposes a community–government partnership framework for developing low-carbon energy in residential buildings. This study focuses on both the operational energy demand and a cost-benefit analysis of energy use in the selected geographical regions for the next 30 years (i.e., 2050). The proposed framework primarily consists of four stages: (1) data collection on energy use (2020 to 2050); (2) setting a GHG emissions reduction target; (3) a building intervention approach by the community by considering cost, energy, and GHG emissions using the Technique for Order of Performance by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to select the best combinations in each geographical region conducting 180 simulations; and (4) a clean energy approach by the government using grey relational analysis (GRA) to select the best clean energy system on the grid. The clean energy approach selected six different renewable power generation systems (i.e., PV array, wind turbine, hybrid system) with two storage systems (i.e., battery bank and a combination of electrolyte, fuel cell, and hydrogen tank storage). This approach is designed to identify the best clean energy systems in five geographical regions with thirty scenario analyses to define renewable energy-economy benefits. This framework informs through many engineering tools such as residential building energy analysis, renewable energy analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques, and cost-benefit analysis. Integration between these engineering tools with the set of energy policies and public initiatives is designed to achieve further directives in the effort to reach greater efficiency while downsizing residential energy demands. The results of this paper propose that a certain level of cooperation is required between the community and the government in terms of financial investments and the best combinations of retrofits and clean energy measures. Thus, retrofits and clean energy measures can help save carbon emissions (enhancing the energy performance of buildings) and decrease associated GHG emissions, which can help policy makers to achieve low-carbon emission communities.

scholarly journals Improved Human Thermal Comfort with Indoor PCM-Enhanced Tiles in Living Spaces in the Arabian Gulf

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 04001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Al Touma ◽  
Djamel Ouahrani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Cooling Energy Demand

Al-Majlis is the living space in residential buildings of the Arabian Gulf, and is where occupants spend most of their time. For this reason, the human thermal comfort in this space is of extreme importance and is often compromised due to hot outdoor weather conditions. In contrast with many thermal discomfort mitigation methods in outdoor environments, which become unadvisable in indoor spaces, this study investigates the effect of adding PCM-enhanced tiles to portions of the indoor envelope on the occupant’s thermal comfort and the space cooling energy demand. A simulation model of a space with tight building envelope in Qatar was developed on EnergyPlus with and without the addition of PCM-enhanced tiles. The selected country is a representative location of the Arabian Gulf. Considering different occupant’s positions, the addition of the tiles with PCM on their back was found to moderate the mean radiant temperature, operative temperature, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), all of which signify an improvement in the human thermal comfort. Lastly, this change in the indoor envelope was found to save 3.3% of the space daily thermal cooling energy demand during one harsh summer representative day.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation on the Use of Exhaust Fans in Dwellings and Their Impact on Energy Balance

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jean Rouleau ◽  
Louis Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Canada Data

Exhaust fans in residential buildings generate energy consumption first by the electricity that they require when operating, but also by extracting heat outside of the building. Nonetheless, these appliances are essential to ensure good indoor air quality. It is thus important to study how occupants in residential buildings use exhaust fans and to assess their impact on the energy performance of buildings. In this paper, a preliminary analysis on these two topics is made based on measured data recorded from a multi-residential building located in Quebec City, Canada. Data show that the use of exhaust fans is variable from a household to another. It was estimated that exhaust devices accounted for approximately 14% of the energy demand of the monitored building.

scholarly journals Parametric Study of Air Infiltration in Residential Buildings—The Effect of Local Conditions on Energy Demand

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Artur Miszczuk ◽  
Dariusz Heim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Wide Range

Airtightness is nowadays one of the physical parameters which determine overall building energy performance. In a wide range of states, the upper limit for air change rate at a Pa (na), air permeability rate at a Pa (qa), or specific leakage rate at a Pa (wa) is determined by the formal regulations. It should be highlighted that airtightness requirements are mainly the same around the world, disregarding any site and climatic conditions. The main goal of the presented work was to reveal the effect of individual location and surrounding infiltration rate and heat demand. The analyses were done using numerical techniques and computational models of the three buildings developed and calibrated based on the blower door test results. The compared buildings characterize by a similar geometry but differ in the air change rate at 50 Pa (n50). Analyses done for different locations and levels of sheltering by surrounding elements allow the determination of the real effect of local conditions. The obtained differences in energy demand between two locations from the same climatic zone were from 70% to 90%, depending on the airtightness of the buildings. Considering different sheltered conditions, the differences for the same location can be even 200%. The obtained results allowed for the formulation of the general conclusion that building location and level of exposure could be considered in future airtightness regulations.

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