scholarly journals Energy-Efficient and Disjoint Multipath Using Face routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7823
Author(s):  
Hyunchong Cho ◽  
Seungmin Oh ◽  
Yongje Shin ◽  
Euisin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
Face Routing ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

In WSNs, multipath is well-known as a method to improve the reliability of packet delivery by making multiple routes from a source node to a destination node. To improve reliability and load-balancing, it is important to ensure that disjoint characteristics of multipath do not use same nodes during path generation. However, when multipath studies encounter a hole area from which is hard to transmit data packets, they have a problem with breaking the disjoint features of multipath. Although existing studies propose various strategies to bypass hole areas, they have side effects that significantly accelerate energy consumption and packet transmission delay. Therefore, to retain the disjoint feature of multipath, we propose a new scheme that can reduce delay and energy consumption for a node near a hole area using two approaches—global joint avoidance and local avoidance. This scheme uses global joint avoidance to generate a new path centered on a hole area and effectively bypasses the hole area. This scheme also uses local joint avoidance that does not select the same nodes during new path generation using a marking process. In simulations, the proposed scheme has an average 30% improvement in terms of average energy consumption and delay time compared to other studies.

scholarly journals Improvement of Hierarchical Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Yinghui Yang ◽  
Qunting Yang ◽  
Tiegang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

<span lang="EN-US">To prolong the life cycle of the network and increase the effective data transmission quantity of the network</span><span lang="EN-US">, several classic network layer routing algorithms are analyzed and they are implemented with programming language, which verifies their real advantages and disadvantages.</span><span lang="EN-US"> I</span><span lang="EN-US">n the model of ring networking, the optimal number of cluster heads in the annular region is deduced with the goal of minimizing the average energy consumption of cluster heads in each ring,</span><span lang="EN-US">and the formation mechanism of cluster heads is proposed for the purpose of preferentially using nodes with more residual energy as cluster heads.</span><span lang="EN-US">To further optimize energy consumption performance, a dynamic self-organizing multi-hop routing selection mode is proposed.</span><span lang="EN-US">Finally, the network simulation software is applied to construct the model based on ring network, and the optimization algorithm is adopted to obtain the flow chart of actual programming and some programming methods.</span><span lang="EN-US">The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the ultimate optimization goal, which increases the number of effective monitoring data packets.</span>

scholarly journals Modifying Building Energy-Saving Design Based on Field Research into Climate Features and Local Residents’ Habits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Zhu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Zhong Yu ◽  
Ji Ni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

In China, a surging urbanization highlights the significance of building energy conservation. However, most building energy-saving schemes are designed solely in compliance with prescriptive codes and lack consideration of the local situations, resulting in an unsatisfactory effect and a waste of funds. Moreover, the actual effect of the design has yet to be thoroughly verified through field tests. In this study, a method of modifying conventional building energy-saving design based on research into the local climate and residents’ living habits was proposed, and residential buildings in Panzhihua, China were selected for trial. Further, the modification scheme was implemented in an actual project with its effect verified by field tests. Research grasps the precise climate features of Panzhihua, which was previously not provided, and concludes that Panzhihua is a hot summer and warm winter zone. Accordingly, the original internal insulation was canceled, and the shading performance of the windows was strengthened instead. Test results suggest that the consequent change of SET* does not exceed 0.5 °C, whereas variations in the energy consumption depend on the room orientation. For rooms receiving less solar radiation, the average energy consumption increased by approximately 20%, whereas for rooms with a severe western exposure, the average energy consumption decreased by approximately 11%. On the other hand, the cost savings of removing the insulation layer are estimated at 177 million RMB (1 USD ≈ 6.5 RMB) per year. In conclusion, the research-based modification method proposed in this study can be an effective tool for improving building energy efficiency adapted to local conditions.

scholarly journals Food security of paddy farm households based on the proportion of food expenditure and energy consumption level in Jogorogo Ngawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
A D P M Larasati ◽  
Darsono ◽  
S Marwanti
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Abstract Ngawi is the sixth paddy producer in Indonesia and certainly has an influence on the food security of paddy farm households. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of food expenditure (PFE), energy and protein consumption, the relationship between food expenditure and energy consumption, and the condition of food security. The basic method used descriptive analytic. The number of respondents based on the slovin formula was 87 households. The sample selection used stratified random sampling. The data analysis method used correlation with SPSS 22 and cross indicator between PFE and energy consumption level. The results showed that the average of PFE was 58.81%. The average energy consumption was 4,272.2 kcal/household/day with an energy consumption level of 81.93% while the average protein consumption was 122.1 grams/household/day lower than the average household RDA consumption. Food expenditure had a significant relationship to energy consumption with a correlation coefficient of 0.925 including a very strong and unidirectional relationship. The contribution of household food security conditions were 28.7% secure; 32.2% vulnerable; 10.3% less secure; 28.8% insecure.

scholarly journals Modeling of Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols for Heterogeneous WSN with Priorities

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canek Portillo ◽  
Jorge Martinez-Bauset ◽  
Vicent Pla ◽  
Vicente Casares-Giner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Duty Cycling ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have experienced an important revitalization, particularly with the arrival of Internet of Things applications. In a general sense, a WSN can be composed of different classes of nodes, having different characteristics or requirements (heterogeneity). Duty-cycling is a popular technique used in WSN, that allows nodes to sleep and wake up periodically in order to save energy. We believe that the modeling and performance evaluation of heterogeneous WSN with priorities operating in duty-cycling, being of capital importance for their correct design and successful deployment, have not been sufficiently explored. The present work presents a performance evaluation study of a WSN with these features. For a scenario with two classes of nodes composing the network, each with a different channel access priority, an approximate analytical model is developed with a pair of two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chains. Note that the same modeling approach can be used to analyze networks with a larger number of classes. Performance parameters such as average packet delay, throughput and average energy consumption are obtained. Analytical results are validated by simulation, showing accurate results. Furthermore, a new procedure to determine the energy consumption of nodes is proposed that significantly improves the accuracy of previous proposals. We provide quantitative evidence showing that the energy consumption accuracy improvement can be up to two orders of magnitude.

Thermal Performance of Electrochromic Smart Window with Nanocomposite Structure under Different Climates in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Hoseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Nanocomposite Layer ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Bandar Abbas ◽  
Different Climates

Objective: This study investigated the optimization of thermal energy consumption using electrochromic components with a new nanocomposite layer (WO3+Ag) in a larger size (window) for a room with an educational application for five cities with different climatic conditions in Iran (Yazd, Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Tabriz, and Sari). Materials & Methods: For this simulation platform, the software was implemented in Energy Plus. This feasibility study was modeled by DesignBuilder software which reported reduced thermal energy consumption across all climates in Iran (hot and dry, warm and semi-humid, warm and wet, moderate and dry, and mild and humid.). Four strategies were considered for better comparison. The first strategy used for common double-glazed windows, while the second to fourth strategies involved the use of the electrochromic window in three different modes; bleached mode (Off), colored mode (On), and switchable mode (controlled below comfort conditions). Results: The third and fourth strategies indicated a reduction in thermal energy consumption in different climates from 25 to 45% relative to typical windows. The best result of cooling energy consumption was observed in Tehran. Conclusion: For this climate, the average energy consumption dropped to 34% for the warm months of the year and even 42% for the warmest month of the year (August).

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Reduce Energy Consumption By Clustering With Genetic Algorithm and Sleeping Time in The IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Babaei ◽  
Alireza Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Timing Mechanisms ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Abstract Internet of things is one of the most important technologies in the last century which covers various domains such as wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of sensor nodes that are scattered in an environment and collect information from the surrounding environment and send it to a central station. One of the most important problems in these networks is saving energy consumption of nodes and consequently increasing lifetime of networks. Work has been done in various fields to achieve this goal, one of which is clustering and the use of sleep timing mechanisms in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in this article, we have examined the existing protocols in this field, especially LEACH-based clustering protocols. The proposed method tries to optimize the energy consumption of nodes by using genetic-based clustering as well as a sleep scheduling mechanism based on the colonial competition algorithm. The results of this simulation show that our proposed method has improved network life (by 18%) and average energy consumption (by 11%) and reduced latency in these networks (by 17%).

scholarly journals Charging stations for electric cars using hybrid energy storage systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
R N Latyshev ◽  
E Y Abramov ◽  
L I Tolstobrova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Charging Stations

Abstract In this article, it is proposed to use energy storage devices as a part of charging stations to reduce the powerful load for the power system during the hours of the greatest energy consumption. This is due to the analysis results for the growth trends of the electric vehicles. By the example of the city Novosibirsk, according to the forecasts of analytical companies about the trend of increasing the number of electric cars (ECs) in Russia, the average energy consumption per day for charging ECs has been calculated. Based on the calculation results, the influence of charging stations on the daily schedule of the active load for the industrial power grid is shown and the capacity lack problem is identified. The experimental measurements results at traction substation No. 29 in Novosibirsk are presented.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Relay-Based Void Hole Prevention and Repair in Clustered Multi-AUV Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Amir Chaaf ◽  
Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna ◽  
Ammar Muthanna ◽  
Soha Alhelaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. Elgendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Maximum Matching ◽  
Sleep Scheduling ◽  
Relay Nodes

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable various oceanic applications which require effective packet transmission. In this case, sparse node distribution, imbalance in terms of overall energy consumption between the different sensor nodes, dynamic network topology, and inappropriate selection of relay nodes cause void holes. Addressing this problem, we present a relay-based void hole prevention and repair (ReVOHPR) protocol by multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for UWSN. ReVOHPR is a global solution that implements different phases of operations that act mutually in order to efficiently reduce and identify void holes and trap relay nodes to avoid it. ReVOHPR adopts the following operations as ocean depth (levels)-based equal cluster formation, dynamic sleep scheduling, virtual graph-based routing, and relay-assisted void hole repair. For energy-efficient cluster forming, entropy-based eligibility ranking (E2R) is presented, which elects stable cluster heads (CHs). Then, dynamic sleep scheduling is implemented by the dynamic kernel Kalman filter (DK2F) algorithm in which sleep and active modes are based on the node’s current status. Intercluster routing is performed by maximum matching nodes that are selected by dual criteria, and also the data are transmitted to AUV. Finally, void holes are detected and repaired by the bicriteria mayfly optimization (BiCMO) algorithm. The BiCMO focuses on reducing the number of holes and data packet loss and maximizes the quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency of the network. This protocol is timely dealing with node failures in packet transmission via multihop routing. Simulation is implemented by the NS3 (AquaSim module) simulator that evaluates the performance in the network according to the following metrics: average energy consumption, delay, packet delivery rate, and throughput. The simulation results of the proposed REVOHPR protocol comparing to the previous protocols allowed to conclude that the REVOHPR has considerable advantages. Due to the development of a new protocol with a set of phases for data transmission, energy consumption minimization, and void hole avoidance and mitigation in UWSN, the number of active nodes rate increases with the improvement in overall QoS.

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