scholarly journals The Issue of Operating Security Systems in Terms of the Impact of Electromagnetic Interference Generated Unintentionally

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8591
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jakubowski ◽  
Jacek Paś ◽  
Adam Rosiński
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Operating Process ◽  
Impact Coefficient ◽  
Transport Telematics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical And Organizational Measures ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses issues regarding electromagnetic interference generated unintentionally by transport telematics systems and electronic security systems (ESS) located within a railway area. These systems should operate correctly, since they ensure the safety of both vehicles and passengers. The electronic devices they use are exposed to electromagnetic interference that may lead to incorrect ESS functioning. In order to determine the impact of electromagnetic interference on ESS, the authors measured unintentional low-frequency electromagnetic field generated by MV—15 and 30 kV—power lines. This enabled determining the areas with maximum values of electromagnetic interference. The next stage of the research was to develop an ESS operating process model that takes into account the impact of unintentionally generated electromagnetic interference on the operating process. Introducing the electromagnetic interference impact coefficient enables a rational selection of solutions aimed at protecting against electromagnetic interference through the application of technical and organizational measures.

Electromagnetic environment on extensive rail areas and the process of using electronic safety systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Kamil Białek ◽  
Jacek Paś
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research electric and magnetic fields in the field of higher frequencies, which are produced by electronic security systems in large logistics areas. The paper also presents the background of the electromagnetic environment. Distorted electromagnetic environment can interfere with the operation of electrical and electronic equipment that are used in the railway area. Particular attention has been paid to the impact of electromagnetic interference on selected electronic security systems.

Low-frequency impact sound of timber floors: A finite element–based study of conceptual designs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1351010X2091787
Author(s):  
Jörgen Olsson ◽  
Andreas Linderholt
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Finite Element Simulations ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Floor Surfaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Traditionally, product development concerning acoustics in the building industry is measurement oriented. For lightweight floors, frequencies that are lower than the frequency range for heavy concrete floors are an issue. The frequency range of from 50 Hz down to 20 Hz influences the human perception of impact sound in multi-story apartment buildings with lightweight floor constructions, such as timber floors, for example. It is well known that a lower frequency range of interest makes finite element simulations more feasible. Strategies for reducing impact sound tend to be less straightforward for timber floors because they have a larger variation of designs when compared to concrete floors. This implies that reliable finite element simulations of impact sound can save time and money for the building industry. This study researches the impact sound transmission of lightweight timber floors. Frequency response functions, from forces on excitation points to sound pressure in the receiving cavity below, are calculated. By using fluid elements connected to reflection-free boundary elements under the floors in the models, the transmission and insulation can be studied without involving reverberation. A floor model with a hard screed surface will have a larger impact force than a softer floor, although this issue seems less pronounced at the lowest frequencies. To characterize floor surfaces, the point mobilities of the impact points are also calculated and presented. The vibration and sound transmission levels are dependent on the selection of the excitation points.

The impact of strong electromagnetic pulses generated in a targeted manner on the process of operation of electronic devices and systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Jacek Paś
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Transport Telematics ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the basic issues related to the influence of electromagnetic interference on electronic devices used in transport telematics systems. Classification methods for electronic devices and systems in the aspect of interference of strong high frequency (HF) electromagnetic pulses depend on technical parameters of the interfering signals. Generated, strong electromagnetic pulses in this frequency range may be generated purposefully - as intended signals, e.g. to disable electronic devices and systems used in vast transportation areas. Currently, designers and users of electronic devices and systems do not include the possibility of accumulated interference of strong electromagnetic pulses during operation. Current standard and acts do not provide any requirements determining e.g. resistance and susceptibility to high frequency electromagnetic waves. The author recommends including the selected technical solutions and safety indices in operation. Results and calculations presented in the paper prove that it is possible to defend against the threat upon occurrence of strong electromagnetic pulses, already during the design stage of devices and systems.

scholarly journals The Influence of Geostatistical Prior Modeling on the Solution of DCT-Based Bayesian Inversion: A Case Study from Chicken Creek Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Moghadas ◽  
Jasper A. Vrugt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Geostatistical Simulation ◽  
Bayesian Inversion ◽  
Geophysical Measurement ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Low frequency loop-loop electromagnetic induction (EMI) is a widely-used geophysical measurement method to rapidly measure in situ the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of variably-saturated soils. Here, we couple Bayesian inversion of a quasi-two-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) model with image compression via the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for subsurface electrical conductivity (EC) imaging. The subsurface EC distributions are obtained from multi-configuration EMI data measured with a CMD-Explorer sensor along two transects in the Chicken Creek catchment (Brandenburg, Germany). Dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data are used to benchmark the inferred EC fields of both transects. We are especially concerned with the impact of the DCT truncation method on the accuracy and reliability of the inversely-estimated EC images. We contrast the results of two different truncation approaches for model parametrization. The first scenario considers an arbitrary selection of the dominant DCT coefficients and their prior distributions (a commonly-used approach), while the second methodology benefits from geostatistical simulation of the EMI data pseudosection. This study demonstrates that DCT truncation based on geostatistical simulations facilitates a robust selection of the dominant DCT coefficients and their prior ranges, resulting in more accurate subsurface EC imaging from multi-configuration EMI data. Results based on geostatistical prior modeling present an excellent agreement between the EMI- and ERT-derived EC fields of the Chicken Creek catchment.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Interference Issue in Safety Systems Applied at Airports

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-312
Author(s):  
Mirosław Siergiejczyk ◽  
Adam Rosiński ◽  
Jacek Paś
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The proper operation of electronic devices used in transport facilities is possible by protecting them against the effect of adverse electromagnetic fields. At present, all kinds of facilities, including critical infrastructure facilities, intended for functioning in peace conditions and emergency states, are equipped with power systems and numerous electronic devices, including electronic safety systems. On the basis of observing the process of their operation, it can be concluded that an artificially generated intended or unintended electromagnetic field, within various frequency ranges, may negatively affect the operation of electronic devices. It was found that the operation of the electronic safety systems applied at airports may be subject to interference as a result of the impact of adverse electromagnetic fields. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the impact of electromagnetic interference on the operation of these systems. This article presents a developed author’s operation process model including electromagnetic interference within low frequencies. The reliability and operation analysis of the electronic safety systems carried out by the authors allows for numerical assessment of various types of solutions – both technical and organisational ones. As a result, they can be implemented, in order to minimise the impact of electromagnetic interference on the system functioning. This is a new approach to this issue, as there are currently designed and installed security systems at airports, but there is no analysis of the impact of electromagnetic interference on their functioning. In further research concerning this issue, the authors plan to further develop reliability-operational models, which will differentiate between the states of partial fitness. It will allow for more accurate mapping of the operation of the electronic safety systems which are applicable at airports.

Methods for Restricting Maximum Exposure Rate in Computerized Adaptative Testing

Methodology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ramon Barrada ◽  
Julio Olea ◽  
Vicente Ponsoda
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Adaptive Testing ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Maximum Exposure

Abstract. The Sympson-Hetter (1985) method provides a means of controlling maximum exposure rate of items in Computerized Adaptive Testing. Through a series of simulations, control parameters are set that mark the probability of administration of an item on being selected. This method presents two main problems: it requires a long computation time for calculating the parameters and the maximum exposure rate is slightly above the fixed limit. Van der Linden (2003) presented two alternatives which appear to solve both of the problems. The impact of these methods in the measurement accuracy has not been tested yet. We show how these methods over-restrict the exposure of some highly discriminating items and, thus, the accuracy is decreased. It also shown that, when the desired maximum exposure rate is near the minimum possible value, these methods offer an empirical maximum exposure rate clearly above the goal. A new method, based on the initial estimation of the probability of administration and the probability of selection of the items with the restricted method ( Revuelta & Ponsoda, 1998 ), is presented in this paper. It can be used with the Sympson-Hetter method and with the two van der Linden's methods. This option, when used with Sympson-Hetter, speeds the convergence of the control parameters without decreasing the accuracy.

USING FIELD DATA FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ULTRA-LOW FREQUENCY MOTIONS ON THE FATIGUE OF MOORING LINES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Borzacchiello ◽  
Carl Albrecht ◽  
Fabricio N Correa ◽  
Breno Jacob ◽  
Guilherme da Silva Leal
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
The Impact

Impact of removing ESBL designation from culture reports on the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of infections associated with ESBL-producing organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Lesher ◽  
Cory M. Hale ◽  
Dona S. S. Wijetunge ◽  
Matt R. England ◽  
Debra S. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inhibitor Combination ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractWe characterized the impact of removal of the ESBL designation from microbiology reports on inpatient antibiotic prescribing. Definitive prescribing of carbapenems decreased from 48.4% to 16.1% (P = .01) and β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination increased from 19.4% to 61.3% (P = .002). Our findings confirm the importance of collaboration between microbiology and antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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