scholarly journals Development and Implementation of the Smart Village Concept as a Challenge for the Modern Power Industry on the Example of Poland

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Budziewicz-Guźlecka ◽  
Wojciech Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Intelligent Environment ◽  
The North ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Solutions

Nowadays, while cities are often subject to research in terms of their development, especially smart development, studies on rural areas are rare. However, the development of the latter is very important. It is important that rural areas develop economically and socially. Smart villages are a challenge for the modern energy sector. The authors of the article try to answer the question: What are the challenges for the modern energy sector in the context of rural development? The aim of this article is to identify challenges for the modern power industry in the concept of smart countryside development. The article begins with the presentation of the essence of smart villages and the essence of energy policy. The research facilitated the identification of basic challenges that prevent or slow down the development of the smart villages in terms of modern energy solutions, as perceived by experts and residents, and farmers and entrepreneurs operating in rural areas. The article identifies a number of energy challenges in the context of a smart village. They include, among others, a lack of awareness regarding the impact of energy on the environment, a low level of public knowledge about new energy solutions, and a lack of social trust in modern energy solutions in rural areas. The research was conducted in rural areas in the north-western part of Poland. At the end, the article presents a model of rural development in the context of the modern energy sector. The research also allowed the creation of a smart village development model that focuses on smart economy, intelligent environment, intelligent people, and intelligent governance. Since these are universal solutions, they can be used as a proposition for other countries.

scholarly journals Do Long-Term Natural Disasters Influence Social Trust? Empirical Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7280
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Haoyang Li ◽  
Jianqing Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The natural environment is one of the most critical factors that profoundly influences human races. Natural disasters may have enormous effects on individual psychological characteristics. Using China’s long-term historical natural disaster dataset from 1470 to 2000 and data from a household survey in 2012, we explore whether long-term natural disasters affect social trust. We find that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between long-term natural disaster frequency and social trust. We further examine the impact of long-term natural disaster frequency on social trust in specific groups of people. Social trust in neighbors and doctors is stronger where long-term natural disasters are more frequent. Our results are robust after we considering the geographical difference. The effect of long-term natural disasters remains positively significant after we divide the samples based on geographical location. Interestingly, the impact of long-term flood frequency is only significant in the South and the impact of long-term drought frequency is only significant in the North.

scholarly journals The Impact of RDP Measures on the Diversification of Agriculture and Rural Development—Seeking Additional Livelihoods: The Case of Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Mirosław Biczkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle ◽  
Roman Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main aim is to assess the measures implemented within the Rural Development Program (RDP) 2007–2013 in Poland. This programme is dedicated to the diversification of business activities in rural areas and rural livelihood and, thus, the improvement of the multifunctionality of rural areas. The analysis covered two measures from Axis 3, Improvement of the quality of life in rural areas and diversification of rural economy: M311, diversification into non-agricultural activities; and M312, Establishment and development of micro-enterprise. The study and the discussion are presented from a geographical perspective and, in a broader context, take into account several conditions (natural, urban, agricultural and historical) and the spatial diversity of the allocation of European Union (EU) funds. Models of a policy of multifunctional rural development, implemented after accession to the EU, are presented. The research’s spatial scope covers Poland’s territory on two spatial scales: the system of regions (16 NUTS2 units) and poviats (314 LAU level 1 units). The analysis covers all the projects implemented in Poland under the two measures of Axis 3 of the RDP 2007–2013. A set of conditions was prepared for all LAU1 units, forming the background for assessing the impact of the EU funds on the development of non-agricultural activities. To determine the relationship between the RDP measures and the selected groups of conditions, a synthetic index and a correlation index are used. They are also used to determine the mutual relations between the two analyzed activities in terms of the spatial scales used. Access to the EU funds (RDP) has considerably enlarged the opportunities for accelerating agricultural modernisation and restructuration towards multifunctional development, as well as the opportunities for implementing new development and work methods in the countryside in Poland. The attractiveness of the two studied RDP measures varied across regions. The beneficiaries’ activity depended on the local potential (resources), culture and tradition of the region, and size and potential of the farm. In the areas where agriculture is deeply rooted, beneficiaries were more willing to engage in ventures tapping into the resources available in their farms. Thus, they create additional livelihood of income and workplaces for household members. In turn, the beneficiaries from the areas where farms are smaller and economically weaker often undertake activities related to setting up a new business (outside farming).

scholarly journals Towards Inclusive, Quality ICT-Based Learning for Rural Transformation

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayagum Chinapah ◽  
Jared O. Odero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
The North ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as a tool that can enhance flexible learning pathways. ICT has the potential to increase equitable access to quality learning, which is essential for skills development. Skills are required in technology-related nonfarm activities so as to improve livelihoods and achieve sustainable rural transformation. However, slow pace of the developing countries to utilize the benefits of the ongoing technological revolution in the North has resulted in the ‘digital divide’. Besides, it is still problematic to implement ICT programmes for educational development. The current and future challenges of providing ICT-based learning desperately call for the reengineering of education to move out of the formal structure of teaching and learning, towards building a more practical and realistic approach. By means of a literature review, this paper examines and discusses why it is important to provide inclusive, quality ICT-based learning, particularly in the rural areas of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It recommends that diverse ICT-based solutions be adopted to promote skills development and training within non-formal and informal settings. More comparative studies are also required to understand the impact of ICT-based learning in rural areas. 

scholarly journals Impacts of Education and Environmental Sustainability on Rural Income Inequality in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Andryan Setyadharma ◽  
Shanty Oktavilia ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Audina Rizka Noormalitasari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

Income inequality may hinder rural development and education is seen an important tool in rural development processes as well as it become an effective way in reducing rural income inequality. Human capital theory suggests that higher education can increase income, and it will decrease income inequality. The first objective of this study is to examine the effect of education on rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study also examines the relationship between environmental deterioration and rural income inequality. Studies about the impact of higher levels of inequality on environmental deterioration are not new, but the opposite studies are rare. Therefore, the second objective of this study is to examine the effect of environmental deterioration on rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study applies panel data from 32 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2018. The results show that higher education resulting in lower rural income inequality in Indonesia. Furthermore, the finding also shows that the efforts to reduce environmental deterioration resulting in lower rural income inequality in Indonesia. This study suggests that it is vital to improve education level and to apply nature-friendly approaches to reduce income gaps in rural areas so the rural development goals can be achieved.

scholarly journals The impact of housing transformation to livability in North Bandung Peri-urban area

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Romi Bramantyo Margono ◽  
Yulia ◽  
Siswanti Zuraida ◽  
Wiwik Dwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is an undeniable phenomenon that happens globally, including in Indonesia. Indonesian cities are growing, causing urban sprawl and transformation of rural areas into urban areas. In between the urban and rural there is peri-urban area that has unique mixed characteristics of both. Areas with such characteristics can be found easily in the outskirts of Bandung city. The growth of peri-urban areas in Bandung occurs simultaneously with the growing tourism industries. This phenomenon caused a spatial transformation especially to the existing houses, which gives impacts to the livability of the area. This article would focus upon how housing transformation in peri-urban areas can affect the livability of the area by using the North Bandung peri-urban area as a case study. The result shows that the spatial transformation that happens in peri-urban areas gives positive impacts to social, economy, and spatial aspects, but unfortunately not the environmental aspects. 

scholarly journals Strategies For Improving Coordination Between The Public and Private Institutions For Agricultural and Rural Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kaman Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
People Participation ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Agriculture/agribusiness plays a strategic role in labor absorption, capital formation, foreign exchange, providing food supply, and supply a market for domestically produced industrial goods. Globalization has suddenly changed the way leaders of nations in managing agriculture/agribusiness development. Many countries are more open, moving toward democracy. Through the impact of decentralization, the government is shifting from dominating development in the past to people participation. This implies that the private sector will play a more active role in agriculture/agribusiness and rural development. With the new vision, agriculture should not be seen as a separate sector (on-farm), but in a more broad way which is agribusiness consisting of all related activities from upstream to downstream agribusiness subsystem. Good governance is a prerequisite to encourage private institutions to participate in agriculture/agribusiness and rural development. Policy measures to improve coordination between public and private institutions includes: infrastructure development, development of seed industry, develop and strengthen agro-industry in rural areas, develop and strengthen market information, market restructuring and trade policy, development of the private sector, micro, small, and medium size enterprises, macroeconomic stability, land market deregulation, strengthening of governance, environment sustainability, and improving rural productivity. All of these measures must be transparent and communicated to all stakeholders in agriculture/agribusiness and rural development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Sektor pertanian memiliki peranan yang strategis dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja, pembentukan kapital, penyediaan pangan, dan menyadiakan bahan baku untuk industri dalam negeri. Globalisasi secara serta merta talah merubah kebijakan pemimpin-pemimpin nasional dalam menangani pembangunan pertanian dan agribisnis. Berbagai negara menjadi lebih terbuka menuju ke arah demokrasi. Melalui dampak desentralisasi, pemerintah telah beralih dari sikap mendominasi di masa lalu menuju pada partisipasi masyarakat. Hal ini berimplikasi kepada semakin besarnya peran sektor swasta dalam pembangunan pertanian di pedesaan. Dengan visi baru ini, maka pertanian tidak lagi di pandang sebagai sektor yang terpisah-pisah, namun menjadi lebih luas, dimana mencakup aktivitas-aktivitas yang terkaIt mulai dari subsistem hulu sampai hilir. Pemerintahan yang baik dituntut untuk mendorong koordinasi antara institusi swasta dan publik mencakup: pengembangan infrastruktur, pengembangan industri benih, pengembangan dan penguatan agroindustri di pedesaan, pengembangan informasi pasar, merestruktur pasar dan kebijakan perdagangan, pengembangan sektor swasta, usaha mikro, kecil, menengah, stabilitas ekonomi makro, deregulasi pasar lahan, penguatan pemerintahan, keberlanjutan lingkungan, dan peningkatan produktivitas pedesan. Semua kebijakan ini mestilah dilakukan secara transparan dan dikomunikasikan kepada stakeholders yang terlibat dalam pembangunan pertanian dan pedesaan.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Community Biogas Plant Implemented by Rural Development Academy in Rural Areas of Bogura, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
Liza Bosak ◽  
Samir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

This paper determined the impact of community biogas plant implemented by rural development academy in rural areas of Bogura, Bangladesh. Data were collected by structured questionnaire having open and closed form questions. Researchers collected data with the help of BCS health care foundation trainees from the selected 68 families who were the direct beneficiaries of community biogas plant. Focus group discussion and information from union parishad were also taken into consideration. The research found that biogas plant is useful to produce a renewable, high-quality fuel i.e. biogas which is using as a alternative of biomass fuels (firewood and dried dung) for meeting energy utilization demands. In the past fuel demand was fulfilled by deforestation and land degradation which results in different health and societal problems and also cause excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Biogas is used for cooking, lighting, heating and feedstock etc while slurry of biogas increases soil fertility and taste of foods. Number of cattle also increases for biogas plants. The biogas production derives from various agricultural resources, such as manure and harvest remains enormously available. Biogas technology represents a sustainable way to produce energy for household, particularly in developing countries. It can be cost-effective and environment friendly technology for the people in rural areas. So, Biogas can be a best substitute of biomass fuels for use in rural areas.

scholarly journals Overview of the Romanian Rural Development Policy: 2007-2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Flavius Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Since 2007, Romania was given the chance to develop a system for implementing development projects by attracting substantial external funding. in the period 2007-2013 the financial intervention in the rural areas, as part of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), was a very consistent one (more than 10 billion euro). National Program for Rural Development 2007-2013 (NRDP) represents the strategy which presents the main characteristics of the financial support addressed to rural areas. The paper has two objectives: to explore the main problems NPRD 2007-2013 occurred and to discuss about its matching to the socio-economic reality of Romania. It consists in a desk-research, using secondary analysis on statistical reports and official documents as the methodological background. The data sources used are: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Interim report of National Rural Development Programme; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development – General Directorate for Rural Development, The situation of the NPRD projects, recorded in monitoring tables; The National Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 (consolidated version, December, 2013). Main results show important differences among NRDP interventions (measures). Some of them are in a good situation, but, in the same time, parts of them are delayed, facing huge difficulties from various reasons. On the other hand, our findings show that there is not a perfect match between the financial support programs and the Romanian rural reality. for the next period, in order to maximize the impact of the public intervention, Romanian authorities have to reconsider some key aspects of the programs, according more importance to the local characteristics of the rural areas.

scholarly journals Is Access to Agribank Credit an Effective Tool in Improving Household Income? Evidence from the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Do Xuan Luan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Vu ◽  
Kieu Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Duong Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Siegfried Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radius Matching

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">Access to credit has been thought to be a key factor in rural development and poverty reduction. In Vietnam, the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) emerged from the mono-tier banking system in 1988 and performs as a profit-oriented commercial bank sustaining the development of rural areas. During the last two decades, the bank has clearly expanded its share of credit outstanding in total rural credit market volume and this process is in line with the trending development of the national economy. The aim of this study is to examine whether Agribank credit improves household income in the Northern Mountains of Vietnam, where the poor and ethnic minorities are overrepresented in the population. In order to create robust estimates, a joint consideration of all four matching algorithms (</span><span lang="EN-US">nearest-neighbor matching, radius matching, Kernel matching and stratification matching) </span><span lang="EN-US">is applied to the Propensity Score Matching. The study found that access to extension services, ethnicity, and total savings emerged as reliable predictors of credit access among household endowments. Loan volumes increase with total value of household assets. In addition, the impact of credit lies in the range increase of 14.56% to 43.78% of total income, 12.09% to 51.83% of per capita income and 43.64% to 111.60% of nonfarm income of household with credit access. The agricultural bank credit has contributed in improving household income in the Northern Mountains of Vietnam. Results in this study provide further support for the hypothesis that the remarkable progress in poverty reduction in the last two decades in Vietnam is partly attributed to the development of Agribank credit. Experiences of the Agribank in lending to rural areas could be worthwhile for intermediary financial institutions to support rural development in Vietnam.</span></p>

Renewable Energy Powered Rural Community Development Centres in the Developing Countries

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazharul Islam ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin ◽  
A. K. M. Sadrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

People in the developing countries who lack basic services and economic opportunities are primarily concerned with improving their living conditions. At present, unemployment problem in the rural areas of the developing countries are diversifying the moral values and social responsibilities of unemployed youth. To solve the problem, rural development centres (involving vocational training, IT services and other productive activities) can contribute significantly for the upliftment of these rural youths and can transform them into grass-root entrepreneurs. One critical factor hindering the establishment of such rural development centers is access to affordable and reliable energy services. Under this backdrop, environmentally benign renewable energy systems can contribute significantly in providing much needed energy in the unserved or underserved rural development centers in the developing countries to achieve both local and global environmental benefits. The paper demonstrates that energy deficient, economically backward communities in the off-grid areas of the developing countries, can be given an array of opportunities for income generation and social progress through rural development centers with the aid of renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, biomass and micro-hydro), thereby improving their standard of living. Poverty alleviation in rural areas can be accomplished and the critical role of access to adequate level of energy services, Information Technology (IT) and modern communication facilities in it demonstrated. Furthermore, the production, implementation, operation and maintenance of renewable energy applications being labor-intensive, will also result in job growth in the village context, preventing migration of labor force, especially of young men, from rural areas to overcrowded industrial areas. An appropriately designed renewable energy systems can also have a significant role in reducing the impact of climate change through non production of green house gases.

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