scholarly journals Optimal Relay Coordination with Hybrid Time–Current–Voltage Characteristics for an Active Distribution Network Using Alpha Harris Hawks Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lucheng Hong ◽  
Mian Rizwan ◽  
Safdar Rasool ◽  
Yuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics

The miscoordination and malfunctioning of directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) may occur due to a significant change in the fault current level (FCL) and a change in the network topology, from a radial to ring topology, caused by renewable energy resource-based distributed generation (RES-DG). In this paper, a hybrid time–current–voltage (TCV)-based protection scheme is proposed to eliminate the DOCR miscoordination and to reduce the overall operation time of DOCRs. The DOCR coordination problem is solved with alpha Harris Hawks optimization (α-HHO). Detailed numerical studies are carried out, and to show the performance of the proposed scheme, the results are compared with the existing protection schemes in the recent literature.

scholarly journals Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm Applied to the Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9207
Author(s):  
Sergio D. Saldarriaga-Zuluaga ◽  
Jesús M. López-Lezama ◽  
Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Harmony Search Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Optimal Coordination

In recent years, distributed generation (DG) has become more common in modern distribution networks (DNs). The presence of these small-scale generation units within a DN brings new challenges to protection engineers, since short-circuit currents tend to increase; additionally, as with microgrids, modern DNs may feature several operational modes depending on their topology and the availability of DG. This paper presents a methodology for the optimal coordination of overcurrent relays (OCRs) in modern DNs with a high presence of DG. Given the fact that protection coordination is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem, a hybrid harmony search and simulated annealing (HS-SA) approach was implemented for its solution and compared against other techniques, such as conventional HS, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and hybrid PSO-HS. Several tests were performed on a DN, considering different operative scenarios as a function of the DG available within the network. A comparison with other works reported in the specialized literature was carried out, evidencing the applicability and effectiveness of the HS-SA technique in solving the optimal OCR coordination problem in modern DNs.

scholarly journals Smart Protection Scheme For Radial Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3621-3624
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Relay Coordination ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Optimal Coordination ◽  
Real Time Simulations

In this paper,the study of optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays along with relay communication in HV substations is proposed. The relay coordination problem is non linear.It typically consist of two groups of control variables(Time Dial Settings:TDS and Plug Settings:PS). The purpose of relay coordination is to propose the suitable settings for all releases and ensure the coordination. The differential evolution is employed to solve for solutions of optimal relay coordination. The relay coordination is mainly done to improve selectivity of the relay to particular fault. ETAP is so popular for its capability for modelling of power system networks and analyzing various studies and Real Time simulations.

scholarly journals Security-Constrained Optimal Protection Coordination for Dual-Setting Digital Directional Overcurrent Relays in the Distribution Network Including Non-Renewable/Renewable Synchronous Distributed Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Pirouzi ◽  
Hosein Hasan Shahi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Akbai Zadeh ◽  
Amirreza Naderipour ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dial Setting ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
Optimal Protection

Abstract In this paper, the security-constrained optimal protection coordination (SCOPC) is introduced for dual setting digital directional overcurrent relay (DDOCR) in distribution network, which including renewable and non-renewable synchronous distributed generation (SDG). The SCOPC minimizes the total operation time of DDOCRs in primary and backup protection operating to achieve a fast protection coordination. Also, to improve the flexibility in DDOCRs setting, the allowable limits of A and B coefficients, pickup current (PC) and time dial setting (TDS) in both reverse and forward directions are considered as constraints. Another constraint is the Coordination Time interval (CTI). To consideration of the mentioned scheme security, the SCOPC mechanism considered the unavailability of DDOCRs due to their failure, so the stochastic method is used to modelling of this parameter. To calculate the fault current, network variables are proportional to the daily stochastic operation results of distribution network. Moreover, the proposed problem is implemented on the standard distribution networks, and then the optimal solution is obtained with hybrid algorithm of grey wolf optimization (GWO) and training and learning optimization (TLBO). The numerical results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a reliable and fast protection coordination that has a low standard deviation.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Protection Scheme for Coordination of Distance and Directional Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Systems Based on a Modified School-Based Optimizer

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhamid ◽  
Salah Kamel ◽  
Ahmed Korashy ◽  
Marcos Tostado-Véliz ◽  
Fahd A Banakhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Test System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
School Based ◽  
Adaptive Protection ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme (APS) for solving the coordination problem that deals with coordination directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays second zone time, in relation to coordination with DOCRs. The coordination problem becomes more complex with the impact of renewable energy sources (RES) when added to the distribution grid. This leads to a change in the grid topology, caused by the on/off states of the distribution generators (DG). The frequency of topological changes in distribution grids poses a challenge to the power system’s protection components. The change in the state of DGs leads to malfunction in reliability and miscoordination between protection relays, since that causes a direct effect to the short circuit currents. This paper used the school-based optimization (SBO) algorithm, which simulates the educational process, in order to deal with coordination problems. That algorithm is modified (MSBO) by modified both learning and teaching processes. The IEEE 8-bus test system and IEEE 14-bus distribution network are used to validate the proposed coordination system’s effectiveness when dealing with the coordination process between distance and DOCRs, at both the near- and far-end in the typical topological grid and with DGs in working order.

PULSED CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF A THERMALLY PRODUCED PLASMA

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-491-C7-492
Author(s):  
N. St. J. Braithwaite ◽  
J. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics

Current-voltage characteristics of Li-doped MgO oxidized at elevated temperatures

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C6) ◽  
pp. C6-398-C6-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
J. L. Boldu ◽  
V. M. Orera
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics
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