Responses and Differences in Tolerance to Water Shortage under Climatic Dryness Conditions in Seedlings from Quercus spp. and Andalusian Q. ilex Populations

Analyzing differences in tolerance to drought in Quercus spp., and the characterization of these responses at the species and individual population level, are imperative for the selection of resilient elite genotypes in reforestation programs. The main objective of this work was to evaluate differences in the response and tolerance to water shortage under in five Quercus spp. and five Andalusian Q. ilex populations at the inter- and intraspecies level. Six-month-old seedlings grown in perlite were subjected to drought treatments by withholding water for 28 days under mean 37 °C temperature, 28 W m−2 solar irradiance, and 41% humidity. The use of perlite as the substrate enabled the establishment of severe drought stress with reduction in water availability from 73% (field capacity) to 28% (dryness), corresponding to matric potentials of 0 and −30 kPa. Damage symptoms, mortality rate, leaf water content, photosynthetic, and biochemical parameters (amino acids, sugars, phenolics, and pigments) were determined. At the phenotypic level, based on damage symptoms and mortality, Q. ilex behaved as the most drought tolerant species. Drought caused a significant decrease in leaf fluorescence, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance in all Quercus spp. analyzed, being less pronounced in Q. ilex. There were not differences between irrigated and non-irrigated Q. ilex seedlings in the content of sugar and photosynthetic pigments, while the total amino acid and phenolic content significantly increased under drought conditions. As a response to drought, living Q. ilex seedlings adjust stomata opening and gas exchange, and keep hydrated, photosynthetically active, and metabolically competent. At the population level, based on damage symptoms, mortality, and physiological parameters, the eastern Andalusian populations were more tolerant than the western ones. These observations inform the basis for the selection of resilient genotypes to be used in breeding and reforestation programs.

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Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia during vegetative stage

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha ◽

Didik Indradewa ◽

Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽

Diah Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Stability Index ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Physiological Analysis ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Salsinha Y C F, Indradewa D, Purwestri Y A, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 170-178. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with the predominance of dry climate, has the potential of the plant with high tolerance to drought. This research was conducted to select drought-tolerant rice cultivars. There were eight NTT-rice cultivars tested: Pak morin (P1), Mapan (P2), Pak Mutin (P3), Gogo Fatuhao (P4), Seratus-malam Boawae (P5), Padi-Putih Kuatnana (P6), Padi-Putih Maumere (P7) and Gogo Sikka (P8) with 2 control cultivars tested: Ciherang (drought- susceptible) and IR-64 (drought tolerant). The treatment included were 100% FC (control), 50% FC (moderate) and 25% FC (severe drought) during vegetative stage. The morphological analysis of plant (plant height, number of leaves and tillers and root architecture) showed cultivars P1, P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The physiological analysis (plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration, and transpiration rate) showed cultivar P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The high levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during drought conditions were observed in P5, P6, and P7 cultivars. Based on the relative water content, membrane stability index and proline levels, highest-resistance cultivar was P5 and P7 while the cultivar with high sensitivity to drought stress was P3. Based on the morphophysiological characteristics, it can be concluded that P5, P6, and P7 cultivar have the potential as drought-tolerant rice.

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SCREENING OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) INBRED LINES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) ◽

10.54112/bcsrj.v2020i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M Masood ◽

M Ahsan ◽

HA Sadaqat ◽

F Awan

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Maize Germplasm ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

High Heritability ◽

Breeding And Genetics ◽

Selection Of

Development of the selection criteria and selection of crop plant genotypes is a crucial and important task of plant breeders. The present study was designed to screen out the drought or water deficit tolerant maize genotypes. Fifty genotypes were taken from maize germplasm restored by the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. One set of genotypes were grown under 100% field capacity while other set at 50% field capacity in wire house conditions. The significant contrasts were observed in genotypes of various attributes under ordinary and stress timeframe. The traits root length and root shoot ratio by mass showed the high heritability and genetic advance and genotypic correlation with each other under water deficit condition provided the basis for the selection. The principle component analysis showed that the genotypes A545, AES204, WM13RA were chosen on the premise of better performance for most of the traits under study. These lines may be used in further breeding program as candidate parents for the development of drought tolerant hybrids.

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Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of the Vietnamese Soybean Cultivars Provides Potential Resources for Soybean Production and Genetic Engineering

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/809736 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nguyen Binh Anh Thu ◽

Quang Thien Nguyen ◽

Xuan Lan Thi Hoang ◽

Nguyen Phuong Thao ◽

Lam-Son Phan Tran

Keyword(s):

Genetic Engineering ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Selection Of

Drought is one of the greatest constraints to soybean production in many countries, including Vietnam. Although a wide variety of the newly produced cultivars have been produced recently in Vietnam through classical breeding to cope with water shortage, little knowledge of their molecular and physiological responses to drought has been discovered. This study was conducted to quickly evaluate drought tolerance of thirteen local soybean cultivars for selection of the best drought-tolerant cultivars for further field test. Differences in drought tolerance of cultivars were assessed by root and shoot lengths, relative water content, and drought-tolerant index under both normal and drought conditions. Our data demonstrated that DT51 is the strongest drought-tolerant genotype among all the tested cultivars, while the highest drought-sensitive phenotype was observed with MTD720. Thus, DT51 could be subjected to further yield tests in the field prior to suggesting it for use in production. Due to their contrasting drought-tolerant phenotypes, DT51 and MTD720 provide excellent genetic resources for further studies underlying mechanisms regulating drought responses and gene discovery. Our results provide vital information to support the effort of molecular breeding and genetic engineering to improve drought tolerance of soybean.

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AGRONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR SELECTION OF WATER RESTRICTION-TOLERANT GRAIN SORGHUM GENOTYPES

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

RENATO MENDES OLIVEIRA ◽

IGNACIO ASPIAZÚ ◽

PAULO CÉSAR MAGALHÃES ◽

KAREN MARCELLE DE JESUS SILVA ◽

ABNER JOSÉ DE CARVALHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Capacity ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Selection Of ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Selection of tolerant plants is essential to meet the challenges of food production. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics as indicators for the selection of water restriction-tolerant grain sorghum genotypes. The experiments were conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Two trials were installed in each year, one subjected to full irrigation and the other to water restriction. In the first one, irrigation was performed periodically, at a 2-day interval, to maintain soil moisture close to field capacity. In the second one, irrigation was suspended in the pre-flowering period, keeping the restriction for 30 days. Four sorghum genotypes were used: 9503062 and 9618158 - drought sensitive (S); 9910032 and P898012 - drought tolerant (T). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates. Stomatal conductance, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetically active leaf area, plant height and yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of the experiments subjected to full irrigation and water restriction of the three years was performed. Under water restriction it was not possible to distinguish between sensitive and tolerant materials. The characteristics evaluated in this experiment did not allow a conclusive distinction between tolerant and sensitive genotypes.

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CULTIVARS SELECTION OF CARIOCA BEANS TYPE TO BE HARVESTED IN ARID FARMLANDS

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n4p775-788 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 775-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastião Soares de Oliveira Neto ◽

Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽

Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽

Vania Moda Cirino

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Area Index ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

E Mail ◽

Selection Of

CULTIVARS SELECTION OF CARIOCA BEANS TYPE TO BE HARVESTED IN ARID FARMLANDS SEBASTIÃO SOARES DE OLIVEIRA NETO1; DOUGLAS MARIANI ZEFFA2; MARIA MÁRCIA PEREIRA SARTORI3 E VANIA MODA CIRINO4 1Engenheiro-agrônomo. Doutorando em Agronomia (Agricultura). Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP - Campus Botucatu), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1.780, CEP: 18610-307. Botucatu-SP – Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]ônomo. Doutorando em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas. Departamento de Agronomia. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]ática. Pesquisadora do Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780. CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu-SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira-agrônoma. Pesquisadora do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Área de Melhoramento e Genética Vegetal. Caixa Postal 481, CEP: 86001-970, Londrina-PR - Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Brazil is a major bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) producer. Nevertheless, the unfavorable weather conditions (water deficit, mainly) cause the country’s average productivity to be far below its real potential. To avoid the drought effects, the use of tolerant cultivars is the most economical farming practice. This paper aims to evaluate the reactions and damages caused by water shortage in the production and growth components of five cultivars of Carioca beans and to select those with higher potential of being used in low rainfall conditions. The experiment was conducted at the IAPAR Experimental Station in Londrina, PR, during the 2011 water season, using the random delineation of blocks with split plots, so that the cultivars could be allocated in the sub-plot and in treatments with and without water deficit in the plots. The water deficit began in the pre-blooming stage and was kept for 20 days in the plots submitted to stress. Plants were collected for leaf area index and dry matter rate analyses 35, 47, 54 and 70 days after emergency. On the physiological maturity stage, the productivity characters were determined. The reduction index was calculated for each assessed variant. BRS Talismã proved to be drought-tolerant. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Water deficit, Drought tolerant. OLIVEIRA NETO, S. S.; ZEFFA, D. M.; SARTORI, M. M. P.; MODA-CIRINO, V.SELEÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO DO GRUPO COMERCIAL CARIOCA PARA CULTIVO EM AMBIENTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA 2 RESUMO O Brasil é um grande produtor de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), no entanto, as condições climáticas desfavoráveis (déficit hídrico, principalmente) tornam a produtividade média do país bem abaixo do seu real potencial. Para evitar os efeitos da seca, as cultivares tolerantes são a prática agrícola mais econômica. Este trabalho visa avaliar as reações e os danos causados pela falta de água nos componentes de produção e crescimento de cinco cultivares de feijão carioca e selecionar aqueles com maior potencial de uso em condições de poucas chuvas. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do IAPAR em Londrina-PR, na safra das águas de 2011, usando o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, de modo que as cultivares foram alocadas na sub-parcela e os tratamentos com e sem déficit de água, nas parcelas. O déficit hídrico começou no estágio pré-florescimento e foi mantido durante 20 dias nas parcelas submetidas ao estresse. Foram coletadas plantas para a análise de índice de área foliar e taxa de matéria seca aos 35, 47, 54 e 70 dias após a emergência. Na fase de maturação fisiológica foram determinados os caracteres de produtividade. O índice de redução foi calculado para cada variável avaliada. BRS Talismã mostrou ser tolerante à seca. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Déficit hídrico, Tolerante à seca.

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Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Abida Parveen ◽

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽

Iqbal Hussain ◽

Shagufta Perveen ◽

Rizwan Rasheed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Available Water ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Growth Attributes

The present work reports the assessment of the effectiveness of a foliar-spray of salicylic acid (SA) on growth attributes, biochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities and osmolytes accumulation in wheat grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stressed (60% field capacity) conditions. The total available water (TAW), calculated for a rooting depth of 1.65 m was 8.45 inches and readily available water (RAW), considering a depletion factor of 0.55, was 4.65 inches. The water contents corresponding to 100 and 60% field capacity were 5.70 and 1.66 inches, respectively. For this purpose, seeds of two wheat cultivars (Fsd-2008 and S-24) were grown in pots subjected to water stress. Water stress at 60% field capacity markedly reduced the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins (TSP) and total phenolic contents (TPC) compared with control. However, cv. Fsd-2008 was recorded as strongly drought-tolerant and performed better compared to cv. S-24, which was moderately drought tolerant. However, water stress enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) contents. Foliar-spray with salicylic acid (SA; 0, 3 mM and 6 mM) effectively mitigated the adverse effects of water stress on both cultivars. SA application at 6 mM enhanced the shoot and root length, as well as their fresh and dry weights, and improved photosynthetic pigments. SA foliage application further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and phenolics contents. However, foliar-spray of SA reduced MDA, H2O2 and membrane permeability in both cultivars under stress conditions. The results of the present study suggest that foliar-spray of salicylic acid was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth attributes, antioxidant defense mechanisms, accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation.

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Genetic variation in an orchardgrass population promises successful direct or indirect selection of superior drought tolerant genotypes

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (6) ◽

pp. 928-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mozhgan Abtahi ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Behnam Hoseini ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

Bahram Araghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Selection Of

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Comparative Proteomics of Root Apex and Root Elongation Zones Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Drought Stress and Recovery Adjustment in Switchgrass

Proteomes ◽

10.3390/proteomes8010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhujia Ye ◽

Sasikiran Reddy Sangireddy ◽

Chih-Li Yu ◽

Dafeng Hui ◽

Kevin Howe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Root Zone ◽

Root Apex ◽

Root Tip ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Proteomics Data ◽

Drought Treatment

Switchgrass plants were grown in a Sandwich tube system to induce gradual drought stress by withholding watering. After 29 days, the leaf photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, compared to the control plants which were watered regularly. The drought-treated plants recovered to the same leaf water content after three days of re-watering. The root tip (1cm basal fragment, designated as RT1 hereafter) and the elongation/maturation zone (the next upper 1 cm tissue, designated as RT2 hereafter) tissues were collected at the 29th day of drought stress treatment, (named SDT for severe drought treated), after one (D1W) and three days (D3W) of re-watering. The tandem mass tags mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to identify the proteomes, and drought-induced differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). From RT1 tissues, 6156, 7687, and 7699 proteins were quantified, and 296, 535, and 384 DAPs were identified in the SDT, D1W, and D3W samples, respectively. From RT2 tissues, 7382, 7255, and 6883 proteins were quantified, and 393, 587, and 321 proteins DAPs were identified in the SDT, D1W, and D3W samples. Between RT1 and RT2 tissues, very few DAPs overlapped at SDT, but the number of such proteins increased during the recovery phase. A large number of hydrophilic proteins and stress-responsive proteins were induced during SDT and remained at a higher level during the recovery stages. A large number of DAPs in RT1 tissues maintained the same expression pattern throughout drought treatment and the recovery phases. The DAPs in RT1 tissues were classified in cell proliferation, mitotic cell division, and chromatin modification, and those in RT2 were placed in cell wall remodeling and cell expansion processes. This study provided information pertaining to root zone-specific proteome changes during drought and recover phases, which will allow us to select proteins (genes) as better defined targets for developing drought tolerant plants. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017441.

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Riverside Farm - A Wairarapa teaching, research and extension resource

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1993.55.2060 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

W.J. Parker ◽

A. Macdonald ◽

V. Blanchard ◽

R.J. Townsley

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Information Needs ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Cattle Farm ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Management Responsibility ◽

Beef Herd ◽

The Will ◽

The University ◽

Stocking Rates

Massey University assumed management responsibility for "Riverside", a 723 ha sheep and beef cattle farm 8 km north of Masterton in Master-ton in March 1978. The farm is leased to the University under the terms of the will of the late Mr Sydney Campbell to assist in the accumulation, expansion and dissemination of knowledge about agriculture, with particular emphasis on agriculture in the Wairarapa. A lo-year farm development programme instigated in 1978 resulted in the sale of the beef herd and the winter stocking rate of sheep being increased to 15.1 suiha by 1984 (9.7 sulha in 1978). In 1985 stocking rates were sharply reduced following a severe drought and the current mixed 2-year bull beef and breeding ewe policy was introduced. Recent research has focused on drought-tolerant pasture species. In late 1992 sheep and beef cattle farmers (n=lOO) were surveyed to identify local information needs and how Riverside could continue to serve the region's research and extension requirements. Information related to fertilisers and farm management were most frequently rated as the most imporant current needs. Keywords: extension, research, Riverside, teaching, Wairarapa

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