Morphological Characteristics and Transcriptome Comparisons of the Shoot Buds from Flowering and Non-Flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus

Bamboo plants have a distinctive life cycle with long flowering periodicity. Many species remain in vegetative growth for decades, followed by large-scale flowering and subsequent death. Floral transition is activated while shoot buds are still dormant in bamboo plants. In this study, we performed morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of the shoot buds at different growth stages from flowering and non-flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus. The morphological and anatomical structures of the dormant shoot buds were similar in flowering and non-flowering plants, while there was an obvious difference between the flower buds from flowering plants and the leaf buds from non-flowering plants. The transcriptomes of the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and flower buds from flowering P. pygmaeus, and the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and leaf buds from non-flowering P. pygmaeus were profiled and compared by RNA-Seq. The identified sequences were mostly related to metabolic synthesis, signal transmission, translation, and other functions. A total of 2434 unigenes involved in different flowering pathways were screened from transcriptome comparisons. The differentially expressed unigenes associated with the photoperiod pathway were related to circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, the relative expression levels of a few key flowering-related genes such as CO, FT, FLC, and SOC1 were quantified by qRT-PCR, which was in accordance with RNA-Seq. The study revealed morphological differences in the shoot buds at different growth stages and screened flowering-related genes by transcriptome comparisons of the shoot buds from flowering and non-flowering P. pygmaeus, which will enrich the research on reproductive biology of bamboo plants and shed light on the molecular mechanism of the floral transition in bamboo plants.

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Winter wheat LAI inversion considering morphological characteristics at different growth stages coupled with microwave scattering model and canopy simulation model

Remote Sensing of Environment ◽

10.1016/j.rse.2020.111681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 111681

Author(s):

Shangrong Wu ◽

Peng Yang ◽

Jianqiang Ren ◽

Zhongxin Chen ◽

Changan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Simulation Model ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Microwave Scattering ◽

Scattering Model ◽

Different Growth Stages

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Variations in Volatile Oil Yield and Composition of “Xin-yi” (Magnolia biondii Pamp. Flower Buds) at Different Growth Stages

Journal of Oleo Science ◽

10.5650/jos.ess17229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 779-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mingli Hu ◽

Mei Bai ◽

Wei Ye ◽

Yaling Wang ◽

Hong Wu

Keyword(s):

Volatile Oil ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Different Growth Stages

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L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine Accumulation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Tissues during Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 502

Author(s):

Shucheng Duan ◽

Soon Jae Kwon ◽

You Jin Lim ◽

Chan Saem Gil ◽

Chengwu Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Growth Period ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Young Leaves ◽

By Products ◽

Different Growth Stages ◽

Different Tissues

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-rich faba (Vicia faba L.) tissues are a potentially useful source for its pharmaceutical purpose, although the species contains health curious vicine and convicine in the seeds. We determined the contents of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine in different tissues of faba plants throughout the entire growth period. The three compounds accumulated in germinating sprouts and showed high contents at 8 days of germination, especially in the epicotyl containing 132.33 mg∙g−1 DW of L-dopa, 19.81 mg∙g−1 DW of vicine, and 10.38 mg∙g−1 DW of convicine, respectively. We compared the contents of the three compounds among leaves of different ages in plants at different growth stages. The samples could be ranked, from highest to lowest content, ranging from 11.11 to 81.82 mg∙g−1 DW, as follows: new leaves > young leaves > old leaves; and vegetative > flowering > ripening. Vicine and convicine were not detected in leaves or flowers. The L-dopa content was high in flowers, especially young flower buds, ranging from 36.51 to 100.70 mg∙g−1 DW. In older flowers, the L-dopa content tended to decrease as the calyx and petal parts developed. In addition, the three compounds showed decreasing contents in pods, stems, and roots with increasing plant age. The results of this study provide information on the timing and extent of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine accumulation in different faba tissues, and indicate that various by-products, especially new/young leaves and flowers, are potential sources of natural L-dopa.

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Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Skeletal Muscle from Black Muscovy Duck at Different Growth Stages Using RNA-seq

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11101228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1228

Author(s):

Zhigang Hu ◽

Junting Cao ◽

Guangyu Liu ◽

Huilin Zhang ◽

Xiaolin Liu

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Muscovy Duck ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Muscovy Ducks ◽

Different Growth Stages

In China, the production for duck meat is second only to that of chicken, and the demand for duck meat is also increasing. However, there is still unclear on the internal mechanism of regulating skeletal muscle growth and development in duck. This study aimed to identity candidate genes related to growth of duck skeletal muscle and explore the potential regulatory mechanism. RNA-seq technology was used to compare the transcriptome of skeletal muscles in black Muscovy ducks at different developmental stages (day 17, 21, 27, 31, and 34 of embryos and postnatal 6-month-olds). The SNPs and InDels of black Muscovy ducks at different growth stages were mainly in “INTRON”, “SYNONYMOUS_CODING”, “UTR_3_PRIME”, and “DOWNSTREAM”. The average number of AS in each sample was 37,267, mainly concentrated in TSS and TTS. Besides, a total of 19 to 5377 DEGs were detected in each pairwise comparison. Functional analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the processes of cell growth, muscle development, and cellular activities (junction, migration, assembly, differentiation, and proliferation). Many of DEGs were well known to be related to growth of skeletal muscle in black Muscovy duck, such as MyoG, FBXO1, MEF2A, and FoxN2. KEGG pathway analysis identified that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to the focal adhesion, MAPK signaling pathway and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Some DEGs assigned to these pathways were potential candidate genes inducing the difference in muscle growth among the developmental stages, such as FAF1, RGS8, GRB10, SMYD3, and TNNI2. Our study identified several genes and pathways that may participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth in black Muscovy duck. These results should serve as an important resource revealing the molecular basis of muscle growth and development in duck.

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