scholarly journals Photosynthetic Acclimation and Growth Responses to Elevated CO2 Associate with Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Mulberry (Morus multicaulis Perr.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Songmei Shi ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Xingshui Dong ◽  
Chenyang Xu ◽  
Yuling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Leaf N

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a multipurpose tree that is worldwide planted because of its economic importance. This study was to investigate the likely consequences of anticipated future elevated CO2 (eCO2) on growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in two most widely cultivated mulberry (Morus multicaulis Perr.) varieties, QiangSang-1 and NongSang-14, in southwest China. A pot experiment was conducted in environmentally auto-controlled growth chambers under ambient CO2 (ACO2, 410/460 ppm, daytime/nighttime) and eCO2 (710/760 ppm). eCO2 significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf numbers and biomass production, and decreased chlorophyll concentrations, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of these two mulberry varieties. Under eCO2 leaf N and P, and root N, P and K concentrations in both mulberry varieties decreased, while plant total P and K uptake in both varieties were enhanced, and an increased total N uptake in NongSang-4, but not in QiangSang-1. Nutrient dilution and transpiration rate were the main factors driving the reduction of leaf N and P, whereas changes in plant N and P demand had substantial impacts on photosynthetic inhibition. Our results can provide effective nutrient management strategies for a sustainable mulberry production under global atmosphere CO2 rising scenarios.

Impact of industrial-age climate change on the relationship between water uptake and tissue nitrogen in eucalypt seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyro L. Sherwin ◽  
Laurel George ◽  
Kamali Kannangara ◽  
David T. Tissue ◽  
Oula Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
15N Nmr ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen

This study explored reductions in tissue nitrogen concentration ([N]) at elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]), and changes in plant water and N uptake. Eucalyptus saligna Sm. seedlings were grown under three [CO2] levels (preindustrial (280 μL L–1), current (400 μL L–1) or projected (640 μL L–1)) and two air temperatures (current, (current + 4°C)). Gravimetric water use, leaf gas exchange and tissue dry mass and %N were determined. Solid-state 15N-NMR spectroscopy was used for determining the partitioning of N chemical groups in the dry matter fractions. Water use efficiency (WUE) improved with increasing [CO2] at ambient temperature, but strong leaf area and weak reductions in transpiration rates led to greater water use at elevated [CO2]. High temperature increased plant water use, such that WUE was not significantly stimulated by increasing [CO2] at high temperature. Total N uptake increased with increasing [CO2] but not temperature, less than the increase recorded for plant biomass. Tissue [N] decreased with rising [CO2] and at high temperature, but N use efficiency increased with rising [CO2]. Total N uptake was positively correlated with total water use and root biomass under all treatments. Growth [CO2] and temperature did not affect the partitioning of 15N among the N chemical groups. The reductions of tissue [N] with [CO2] and temperature were generic, not specific to particular N compounds. The results suggest that reductions in tissue [N] are caused by changes in root N uptake by mass flow due to altered transpiration rates at elevated [CO2] and temperature.

Dynamic analysis of the impact of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on biomass and N uptake in two contrasting genotypes of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Herbert J. Kronzucker ◽  
Weiming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) in the atmosphere often increase photosynthetic rates and crop yields. However, the degree of the CO2 enhancement varies substantially among cultivars and with growth stage. Here, we examined the responses of two rice cultivars, Wuyunjing23 (WYJ) and IIyou084 (IIY), to two [CO2] (~400 vs ~600) and two nitrogen (N) provision conditions at five growth stages. In general, both seed yield and aboveground biomass were more responsive to elevated [CO2] in IIY than WYJ. However, the responses significantly changed at different N levels and growth stages. At the low N input, yield response to elevated [CO2] was negligible in both cultivars while, at the normal input, yield in IIY was 18.8% higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2]. Also, responses to elevated [CO2] significantly differed among various growth stages. Elevated [CO2] tended to increase aboveground plant biomass in both cultivars at the panicle initiation (PI) and the heading stages, but this effect was significant only in IIY by the mid-ripening and the grain maturity stages. In contrast, CO2 enhancement of root biomass only occurred in IIY. Elevated [CO2] increased both total N uptake and seed N in IIY but only increased seed N in WYJ, indicating that it enhanced N translocation to seeds in both cultivars but promoted plant N acquisition only in IIY. Root C accumulation and N uptake also exhibited stronger responses in IIY than in WYJ, particularly at the heading stage, which may play a pivotal role in seed filling and seed yield. Our results showed that the more effective use of CO2 in IIY compared with WYJ results in a strong response in root growth, nitrogen uptake, and in yield. These findings suggest that selection of [CO2]-responsive rice cultivars may help optimise the rice yield under future [CO2] scenarios.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balances Vary at the Whole-Farm, Field, and Within-Field Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Berlingeri ◽  
Joseph R. Lawrence ◽  
S. Sunoj ◽  
Karl J. Czymmek ◽  
Quirine M. Ketterings
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

A field nutrient balance (supplied minus harvested) can be an effective, end-of-season management evaluation tool. However, development of guidance for balance-based management requires knowledge of variability in balance inputs. To contribute to development of such guidelines, we evaluated the impact of corn silage hybrid selection, nutrient management, and growing conditions on field nitrogen (N) balances and documented variability in N and phosphorus (P) balances at the whole-farm, field, within-field levels. Variability in N removal among hybrids was evaluated using hybrid trials (5 locations, 4 years each). Variability in farm and field balances (4 farms, 2 years each) and within-field balances (2 farms, 2 years each) was assessed as well. Nitrogen supply comprised soil N (soil type-specific book values), rotation N, past manure N, and current year N (fertilizer and/or manure). Total N balances included all current year manure N while available N balances considered only plant-available N from manure. Phosphorus balances were derived as total P applied minus P harvested. Yield explained 81% of the variability in N uptake across hybrids. Nitrogen uptake intensity (NUI; N uptake per unit of yield) varied across locations and years, averaging 4.3 ± 0.1 kg N/Mg for short-season hybrids [≤95 days-to-maturity (DTM)] vs. 4.1 ± 0.1 kg N Mg−1 for longer-season hybrids. Whole-farm N balances ranged from 139 to 251 kg N ha−1 for total N and 43 to 106 kg N ha−1 for available N. Phosphorus balances ranged from 28 to 154 kg P ha−1. Balances per field ranged from −8 to 453, −66 to 250 kg N ha−1, and −30 to 315 kg P ha−1 for total N, available N, and total P, respectively, while within-field balances showed even larger ranges. We conclude that (1) variability in corn silage N and P balances at field and within-field scales and across year is large, emphasizing the need for field and within-field (where feasible) evaluation tools and management options, and (2) feasible limits for N balances should include both total and available N.

scholarly journals FOLIAR NITROGEN EFFECTS ON ONION PRODUCTION AND DAMAGE BY THRIPS AND PURPLE BLOTCH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 864a-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wiedenfeld ◽  
B. Scully ◽  
Marvin Miller ◽  
Jonathan Edelson ◽  
Jiandong Wang
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf N

Purple blotch (Alternari a porri) and thrips (Thrips tabaci) can seriously reduce yields of short day onions in South Texas. The level of injury caused by these organisms is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen in leaf tissue. Lower levels of tissue nitrogen increase susceptibility to A. porri but decrease susceptibility to thrips. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tissue N levels on joint susceptibility of 4 onion cultivars to A. porri and thrips. Foliage was fertilized at 0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 lbs N/ac/wk for 6 weeks. Nitrogen concentrations in onion leaves varied over time and by leaf age, but showed very little effect due to foliar fertilization. Significant differences in thrips were noted among cultivars, but not among leaf N concentrations with cultivars. Purple blotch outbreak occurred late in the growing season and was not related to leaf N levels. Total N uptake failed to respond to foliar fertilization, therefore overall use efficiency of the foliar N applied averaged only about 10% relative to the amount taken up in the check plots.

Effects of Environment and Cultural Conditions on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Coffee Leaves

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf N

SummaryAnalyses of total N and P in coffee leaves from different geographic areas have been compared. The levels of these nutrients are correlated with each other and the quadratic regression equation for leaf N on leaf P has been derived. The value of N/P ratio in the coffee leaf for diagnosing nutritional status is assessed. No correlations were observed between Mg and either N or P. Irrigation of coffee in Kenya on latosolic soils raises leaf P but not N levels, in the absence of organic mulch and fertilizers. Effects of organic mulch, N and P fertilizers on leaf levels of N or P are discussed.

scholarly journals Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. PETRUCIO ◽  
F. A. ESTEVES
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Total P

The main goal of this research was to survey information about the physiology of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata and their capacity to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the environment, after quantifying the concentrations of the nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N and total-N) and phosphorus (PO4-P and total-P) compounds in the water. The macrophytes were incubated in the laboratory in plastic vials of approximately 1.5 litters containing a previously prepared solution of NH4NO3, NH4Cl and KH2PO4. Eichhornia crassipes exhibited the highest rates of nutrient reduction and the concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P in the water influenced the uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of the E. crassipes and S. auriculata. This information can help to reach adequate management strategies for aquatic macrophytes in order to reduce the eutrophication process in Imboassica lagoon.

scholarly journals Why is plant-growth response to elevated CO2 amplified when water is limiting, but reduced when nitrogen is limiting? A growth-optimisation hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. McMurtrie ◽  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
Belinda E. Medlyn ◽  
Roderick C. Dewar ◽  
David A. Pepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Leaf N

Experimental evidence indicates that the stomatal conductance and nitrogen concentration ([N]) of foliage decline under CO2 enrichment, and that the percentage growth response to elevated CO2 is amplified under water limitation, but reduced under nitrogen limitation. We advance simple explanations for these responses based on an optimisation hypothesis applied to a simple model of the annual carbon–nitrogen–water economy of trees growing at a CO2-enrichment experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. The model is shown to have an optimum for leaf [N], stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI), where annual plant productivity is maximised. The optimisation is represented in terms of a trade-off between LAI and stomatal conductance, constrained by water supply, and between LAI and leaf [N], constrained by N supply. At elevated CO2 the optimum shifts to reduced stomatal conductance and leaf [N] and enhanced LAI. The model is applied to years with contrasting rainfall and N uptake. The predicted growth response to elevated CO2 is greatest in a dry, high-N year and is reduced in a wet, low-N year. The underlying physiological explanation for this contrast in the effects of water versus nitrogen limitation is that leaf photosynthesis is more sensitive to CO2 concentration ([CO2]) at lower stomatal conductance and is less sensitive to [CO2] at lower leaf [N].

scholarly journals Enhancing Rice Productivity through integration of Stress Tolerant Rice Varieties and Improved Nutrient Management Practices in Saline Areas of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
MKA Bhuiyan ◽  
AJ Mridha ◽  
S Singh ◽  
AK Srivastava ◽  
US Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
N Dose

The study was conducted in two locations of coastal districts Patuakhali and Satkhira during 2012 and 2013 T. Aman season. Stress tolerant rice varieties along with nitrogen application using prilled urea (PU), leaf color chart (LCC), urea super granule (USG), and rice crop manager (RCM) software based nitrogen (N) dose were examined. The objectives of the study were to identify the response of saline tolerant varieties to N fertilization on grain yield and profitability. Among the tested varieties, grain yield of BRRI dhan40, BRRI dhan41 and BRRI dhan54 were higher compared to BRRI dhan52 and BRRI dhan53 irrespective of location. There were no significant difference among the better performed varieties. Interaction effect of yield was significant in 2013 at Patuakhali but insignificant in both the locations in 2012. During 2013 in Patuakhali, the interaction effect of BRRI dhan40 × USG and BRRI dhan41 × USG produced higher grain yield and total N uptake. In Satkhira BRRI dhan54 and BRRI dhan40 performed better and produced higher grain yield and N uptake. Among the N application treatments USG application was the best compared to either LCC or RCM. The combination of BRRI dhan54×USG and BRRI dhan41×USG had more economic gains in both 2012 and 2013 in Patuakhali. The combination of BRRI dhan52×USG and BRRI dhan41×LCC appeared as themost profitable in Satkhira during 2013. Integration of saline tolerant varieties along with USG application could improve the yield of saline tolerant rice in saline environmentBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 77-89

scholarly journals 430 PB 171 LEAF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM CONCENTRATIONS ARE MORE SENSITIVE INDICATORS OF SOIL N AVAILABILITY THAN TOTAL N IN NECTARINE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 492g-492
Author(s):  
Oswaldo A. Rubio ◽  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Steven A. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil N Availability ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leaf N

Leaf N concentrations (% dry wt) appear relatively insensitive to high levels of applied fertilizer N (Weinbaum et al, HortTechnology 1992). This insensitivity may be attributable to growth dilation, lack of additional tree N uptake, a finite capacity of leaves to accumulate additional N or our inhability to resolve a limited increment. Our objective was to asses the relative accumulation of mobile forms of N (NO3, NH4 and amino acids) relative to a total N over a range of fertilizer N application rates in 3 year old, field-grown “Fantasia” nectarine trees. Between 0 and 136 Kg N/Ha/Yr we observed a linear relationship between N supply and all N fractions. Above 136 Kg N/Ha/Yr leaf concentrations of amino acids and total N remined constant, but NO3 and NH4 accumulation continued. These results suggest that leaf concentration of NO3 and NH4 are more sensitive indicators of soil N availability and tree N uptake than was total leaf N concentration.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Fall versus Spring Soil Fertilization of Field-grown Peach Trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
T.M. DeJong ◽  
J.-L. Saenz ◽  
T.T. Muraoka ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf N

Marginally nitrogen (N)-deficient, field-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group) 'O' Henry'] were used to evaluate seasonal patterns of tree N uptake, vegetative growth, and yield following fall or spring fertilization. Sequential tree excavations and determinations of tree biomass and N contents in Feb. and Aug. allowed estimation of N uptake by fall-fertilized trees between September 1993 and mid-February 1994. Total N uptake (by difference) by spring- fertilized trees as well as additional N uptake by fall-fertilized trees over the spring.summer period was also determined. In fall-fertilized trees, only 24% of tree N accumulation between September 1993 and August 1994 occurred during the fall/dormancy period. Spring- and fall-fertilized trees exhibited comparable vegetative growth, fruit size, and yield despite lower dormant tree N contents and tissue N concentrations in the spring-fertilized trees. Fifty percent of tree leaf N content was available for resorption from leaves for storage in woody tree parts. This amount (N at ~30.kghhhhhhha-1) was calculated to represent more than 80% of the N storage capacity in perennial tree parts of fertilized peach trees. Our data suggest that leaf N resorption, even without fall soil N application, can provide sufficient N from storage to initiate normal growth until plant-available soil N is accessed in spring.

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