scholarly journals Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Jarosław Lasota ◽  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Tomasz Babiak ◽  
Wojciech Piaszczyk ◽  
Hanna Stępniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
The Impact

Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Scots pine forests of the Manowo Forest District in northern Poland. Moreover, we determined the effect of relict charcoal production on the soil properties. Our research was conducted by comparing the physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological properties of charcoal-enriched and charcoal-free soils. Significant differences in physical properties were found between these two soil types in terms of their structure and water holding capacity. As expected, horizons enriched with charcoal were characterised by a significantly higher organic carbon content (4.7% on average compared to 2.2% in control horizons), and also by a considerably higher content of available phosphorus (an average of 64.07 mg·kg−1 compared to 36.21 mg·kg−1 in the control). Similarly, RCH horizons displayed a higher pH and higher contents of Ca and Na cations. These results indicated that RCH soils provided more favourable conditions for the soil microbiome, as reflected by the higher enzymatic activity and diversity of the microorganisms. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities in RCH soils were more diverse and had greater species/genera richness, especially in the case of fungi. Members of the genus Rhodoplanes dominated the bacterial community at both RCH and non-RCH sites, followed by Streptomyces, Burkholderia, Skermanella, Tsukamurella and Candidatus Solibacter. Both culture- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses showed that soil fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, with Penicillium as the most abundant genus. Our results showed that hearth soils may represent a significant C pool in the forest ecosystem. This study supports the strategy of safeguarding such charcoal-enriched soils as precious C reservoirs and ecologically important biodiversity hotspots. Moreover, the application of charcoal may effectively increase the microbial diversity of forest soils, especially during the reforestation or re-cultivation of disturbed habitats.

ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

On the grey forest medium-loamy soil of Vladimir Opolye region we have studied the impact of various methods of basic cultivation and fertilizer systems on the activity of redox and hydrolytic enzymes: ure-ase (nitrogen cycle), invertase (carbon cycle), phosphatase (phosphorus cycle), and catalase, involved in the cycle of carbon in the soil. The second humus horizon with capacity of 19-24cm was found at the depth of 20 - 21 cm on the experimental field. We have studied three modes of basic soil cultivation: an-nual shallow flat plowing (6-8 cm), annual deep flat plowing (20-22 cm), and annual moldboard plowing (20-22 cm) with normal and intensive application of fertilizers. The most enzymatically active layer is 0-20 cm. No relevant difference has been found in the level of enzymes activity between variants of basic soil treatment. Activity of enzymes increases with application of fertilizers on the intensive background. In agrogenic soils, soil enzymatic activity is lower on average by 16-22% compared to the soil of the res-ervoir. The biggest negative transformation of activity has been observed at the urease enzyme (up to 50%). With annual moldboard plowing on the intensive backgroung, enzyme activity has been close to the natural level – 98.4%. Catalise and invertase activity in this case were found to be higher (105 and 116% respectively) than that of natural analogues. Activity of enzymes increases with intensive application of fertilizers as compared with normal background. This is particularly evident with 6-8cm deep beardless plowing and 20-22cm deep moldboard plowing. In general, the obtained biochemical indicators charac-terize the highest environmental sustainability of this variation within our research.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Aging of Biochar on Soil Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties in Long-Term Field Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Futa ◽  
Patryk Oleszczuk ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Piotr Kraska
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

The effect of different rates of biochar on selected soil properties and enzymatic activity 48, 60, and 72 months after biochar application to soil was investigated. Soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase—ADh; phosphatase—Aph; urease—AU), the organic carbon content (TOC), the total nitrogen content (Nt), the mineral nitrogen content (NH4+, NO3−), and soil pH were determined. The study was conducted on Haplic Podzol originating from glaciofluvial fine-grained loamy sand. Biochar was applied to soil under winter rye (Secale cereale L.) at rates of 10 (BC10), 20 (BC20), and 30 t ha−1 (BC30). Plots with biochar-unamended soil were the control treatment (BC0). The pH, TOC, and Nt content in the biochar-amended soil were higher compared to the control soil. A broader C:N ratio was found in the BC0 soil compared to BC10, BC20, and BC30. With increasing biochar rate, the content of the ammonium nitrogen form (NH4+) decreased and was statistically lower than in the control soil (BC0). The soil in the BC20 and BC30 treatments was characterized by the highest content of NO3-, whereas the lowest nitrate nitrogen content was found in the control soil (BC0). Biochar application increased soil enzymatic activity. Dehydrogenase activity increased with increasing biochar rate. As far as phosphatase and urease activity is concerned, a similar relationship was not observed. In this case, the soil amended with biochar at a rate of 20 t ha−1 (BC20) was characterized by the highest phosphatase and urease activity.

Assessment the Impact of Oil Refinery Residues on Soil Enzymatic Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (Special-2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Dalshad.A. Darwesh ◽  
◽  
Amel. F. Ibrahim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
The Impact

Conservation of forest soil microbial diversity: the impact of fire and research needs

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Staddon ◽  
L. C. Duchesne ◽  
J. T. Trevors
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

While increasing attention has been given to issues surrounding biodiversity in recent years, little is known about the diversity of forest soil microorganisms. This is a serious gap in knowledge given the significant roles played by microorganisms in ecosystem functioning. This paper addresses issues surrounding conservation of microbial diversity in forest soils with an emphasis on the impact of fire. Recently developed techniques such as phospholipid fatty acid profiling, DNA reassociation, and carbon substrate utilization will also be reviewed for their applicability to biodiversity research. Future research needs are also discussed.Key words: biodiversity, conservation, forest soils, fire, microbial diversity.

The impact of land management and abandonment on soil enzymatic activity, glomalin content and aggregate stability

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 202-203 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gispert ◽  
Mohamed Emran ◽  
Giovanni Pardini ◽  
Serena Doni ◽  
Brunello Ceccanti
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of Species Composition on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Accumulation in Urban Forest Soils of Krakow

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Lasota ◽  
Stanisław Łyszczarz ◽  
Piotr Kempf ◽  
Marta Kempf ◽  
Ewa Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most hazardous organic pollutants due to their toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic properties, wide distribution, recalcitrance and stability in the environment. The study objective is to determine the impact of the species composition of tree stands on PAH accumulation in urban forest soils of Krakow. The study compared the impact of deciduous and coniferous species on similar soils on PAH biodegradation. Basic physicochemical properties, activity of enzymes involved in the nutrient cycle and PAH content were measured in soil samples. Our study shows lower accumulation of PAHs in soils with deciduous tree stands, which are characterized by higher pH and higher biochemical activity expressed by enzymatic activity. There is statistically significant difference in the enzymatic activity in the soils of deciduous tree stands, which results in differences in PAH accumulation. Among the studied deciduous species, soils with Norway maple and locust were characterized by highest enzymatic activity. At the same time, soils under these species were characterized by the lowest PAH accumulation. Among the coniferous species, highest PAH accumulation was observed under pine and spruce, where low enzymatic activity was observed at the same time.

scholarly journals Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Taimoor Hassan Farooq ◽  
Uttam Kumar ◽  
Jing Mo ◽  
Awais Shakoor ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nutrients Availability

Intercropping is one of the most widely used agroforestry techniques, reducing the harmful impacts of external inputs such as fertilizers. It also controls soil erosion, increases soil nutrients availability, and reduces weed growth. In this study, the intercropping of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) was done with tea plants (Camellia oleifera), and it was compared with the mono-cropping of tea and peanut. Soil health and fertility were examined by analyzing the variability in soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrients availability at different soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm). Results showed that the peanut–tea intercropping considerably impacted the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient availability, and soil enzymatic responses at different soil depths. The activity of protease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase was higher in intercropping, while the activity of urease and catalase was higher in peanut monoculture. In intercropping, total phosphorus (TP) was 14.2%, 34.2%, 77.7%, 61.9%; total potassium (TK) was 13.4%, 20%, 27.4%, 20%; available phosphorus (AP) was 52.9%, 26.56%, 61.1%; 146.15% and available potassium (AK) was 11.1%, 43.06%, 46.79% higher than the mono-cropping of tea in respective soil layers. Additionally, available nitrogen (AN) was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the mono-cropping system of peanut. Moreover, the soil enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content across all soil depths and cropping systems. The depth and path analysis effect revealed that SOC directly affected sucrase, protease, urease, and catalase enzymes in an intercropping system. It was concluded that an increase in the soil enzymatic activity in the intercropping pattern improved the reaction rate at which organic matter decomposed and released nutrients into the soil environment. Enzyme activity in the decomposition process plays a vital role in forest soil morphology and function. For efficient land use in the cropping system, it is necessary to develop coherent agroforestry practices. The results in this study revealed that intercropping certainly enhance soil nutrients status and positively impacts soil conservation.

A Field-, GIS- and FTIR based approach to assess the distribution and development of soils affected by historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bonhage ◽  
Florian Hirsch ◽  
Thomas Raab ◽  
Anna Schneider ◽  
Alexandra Raab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Technogenic Soils ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
The Impact

<p>The effects of historical charcoal production on forest soil properties are increasingly well studied on sites in Europe and the northern USA. The most obvious effect of this past forest use practice is the addition of large quantities of charcoal into the soil at sites of former charcoal production. These so called relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites are mapped in expansive numbers due to the rising availability of high-resolution LiDAR data. However, studies determining the impact of RCHs on more than a field plot scale are rare, so far. To transform results from specific RCH sites to a landscape scale, we sampled and measured 52 RCH sites on a 0.7 km² area in the Litchfield Hills in western Connecticut, USA.</p><p>In this study we combine field based measurements of RCH site stratigraphy and geometry, GIS-based spatial analysis of site locations, laboratory determination of soil organic and pyrogenic carbon and FTIR-based analysis of soil carbon. We aim at assessing the soil distribution and soil development in an RCH affected landscape, i.e. the distribution of three typical soils commonly found in these landscapes: natural forest soils, technogenic soils of RCH platforms and soils buried below technogenic soils. Furthermore, we determine the distribution of organic and pyrogenic carbon in these soils and specifically the variation of carbon contents within the technogenic RCH soil stratigraphy.</p><p>Preliminary results suggest that RCH site occurrence does not depend on relief position, i.e. RCH site abundance is not correlated with slopes, plateau or flatland positions. However, RCHs with multiple layers of technogenic substrates are more abundant on slope positions. RCH soils have a significantly increased content in total carbon compared  to unaffected forest soils. Multi-layered RCHs have a heterogeneous vertical distribution of pyrogenic carbon and a possibly modern enrichment of organic matter in the surface soil. Wet chemical digestion of RCH soil samples coupled with FTIR analysis shows an increased presence of aromatic compounds and therefore pyrogenic carbon. However, the majority  of carbon in RCH soils seems to be of non-pyrogenic origin. As of now it is unclear, whether  the content of pyrogenic carbon is underestimated by analytical uncertainties or if pedogenic processes are responsible for an enrichment of labile- and semi-labile organic carbon in the charcoal-rich RCH soil.</p>

scholarly journals Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Jaworska ◽  
Joanna Lemanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of car traffic on the content of selected heavy metals in soil from a park area, and to define the dependency between their content and enzyme activity. Soil samples were collected from 13 points located along a communication route, each 100 m from the next and 50 m from the border of the road. Soil material was obtained from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and analysed for: pH in H2O and in KCl, OC, and texture by laser method. Total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni), available phosphorus and the activity of selected enzymes: catalase, dehydrogenase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase were all determined. The examined soils have the texture of loamy sands or sands (USDA 2012), slightly acidic or neutral pH, Organic Carbon (OC) content in the range from 3.50 to 13.80 g kg−1. The total contents of elements in surface horizons were, in order of decreasing concentrations: Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, although in subsurface horizons it was Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Contamination Factor (CF) determined for Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu reaches higher values in samples from subsurface horizons, which confirms the influence of car traffic on the content of heavy metals in the surrounding soils. The calculated CF shows contamination is moderate for Ni, Cd, Zn and Cu and high for Pb and Cu. The investigated soils may be classified as class IV (low) in terms of available phosphorus. The activity of the examined enzymes was higher in soil samples collected from the 0–20 cm layer than from 20–40 cm. The correlation analysis indicates a significant positive dependency between OC content in soils and enzymatic activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 account for 66.57% of the variability.

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