scholarly journals Description of Intra-Annual Changes in Cambial Activity and Differentiation of Secondary Conductive Tissues of Aesculus hippocastanum Trees Affected by the Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Myśkow ◽  
Katarzyna Sokołowska ◽  
Aleksandra Słupianek ◽  
Vladimir Gryc
Keyword(s):  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Stem Structure ◽  
Phenological Phases

Aesculus hippocastanum trees are commonly infested by the leaf miner Cameraria ohridella, whose larval activity causes the destruction of the leaf parenchyma and induces defoliation. Pest attacks result in, e.g., production of smaller fruits and tree re-flowering in autumn. Concerning pest influence on stem structure only scarce information of narrower annual growth rings of wood has been published. Therefore, we determined the effect of the presence of the leaf miner infestation on intra-annual cambial activity and on differentiation of conductive tissues. These data were compared with phenological phases and pest activity. Pest feeding resulted in changes in onset, cessation and duration of cambial divisions, and differentiation of secondary xylem. The duration of cambial activity was about a month shorter in heavily infested trees and was connected with premature tree defoliation. Affected trees were characterised by a reduction in cambial divisions and earlier cessation of wood differentiation resulting in narrower wood rings. Furthermore, the infested trees exhibited altered wood structure, with more vessels of smaller diameters, however these changes did not affect its theoretical hydraulic conductivity. Interestingly, pest attack did not influence secondary phloem differentiation. The probable influence of long-term infestation on tree growth and condition was discussed.

Seasonal cambial activity and wood formation in trees and lianas of Leguminosae growing in the Atlantic Forest: a comparative study

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes ◽  
Claudio Sergio Lisi ◽  
Leonardo Davi S.A.B. da Silva ◽  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Cláudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Cambial activity and the formation of secondary xylem were investigated in the main stem of three arboreal leguminous species and one liana. To compare the seasonal vascular cambium behavior of these species, two methods were concurrently applied: induction of injury in the vascular cambium and anatomical analysis of the vascular cambium and adjacent zones (differentiation zone). One tree species, Pseudopiptadenia contorta (DC.) G.P.Lewis & M.P.Lima, was sampled in three forest formations: alluvial, submontane, and montane. Two more tree species, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. and Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya (Benth.) Rauschert, were sampled in submontane and montane forest, respectively. Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton var. frutescens, a liana, was sampled in montane forest. All species investigated showed distinctive formation of annual growth rings. Reactivation of the vascular cambium was observed at the end of spring, and it remained active during the summer. Thereafter, cambial activity either ceased or declined dramatically at the end of autumn. Similar to the tree species studied, cambial activity in D. frutescens var. frutescens showed similar seasonal cambial activity throughout the year. Based on both direct and indirect methods, our results showed that cambial activity and wood formation only occurred during the rainy season, suggesting the potential of these species for use in dendrochronological studies.

Appearance and Periodicity of Growth Rings in some Tropical Woods

IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Détienne
Keyword(s):  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
South American ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Tropical Woods

Trees belonging to 30 tropical African and South American hardwood species were wounded annually. This made it possible, after the trees had been felled, to mark precisey the annual growth rings and determine their boundaries. These boundaries are always formed during the longest dry season and clearly express the rhythm of cambial activity. The appearance and nature of these growth rings vary according to genera rather than to types of climate.

PERTUMBUHAN LINGKARAN POHON JATI PADA DUA SISTEM KULTUR BERBEDA DI JAWA TIMUR

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iriwi Louisa S. Sinon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Plantation Teak

<p><em>Study dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is defined as the study of chronological sequence of annual growth rings in trees. Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of various tree species that has been identified for the use of tree-ring studies in tropical regions. Teak is found to be suitable for dendrochronology as it is long-lived and develops defined annual growth rings. In Java, teak cans growth naturally or intensively in plantation. The two silviculture conditions will give different sensitivity on climate effect. Therefore, the effect of silviculturer will on natural teak and plantation teak in Saradan, Madiun, and East Java. As a part of the study, ten core samples from natural- growth teak were measured. The samples of growth rings is spanned from 1832 – 2004. Using the COFECHA program, the correlation of the samples (r) was found to be 0.44 point, which is satisfactory to the standard used in dendrochronology. Thus, from this study it can be concluded that natural teak could still be used in dendrochronology, although the sensitivity are not as high as plantation teak. </em></p>

Impact of the leaf miner Cameraria ohridella on whole-plant photosynthetic productivity of Aesculus hippocastanum: insights from a model

Trees ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nardini ◽  
Fabio Raimondo ◽  
Mauro Scimone ◽  
Sebastiano Salleo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Alejandro Casteller ◽  
Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽  
Veronika Stöckli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

Effect of cambial dormancy state on the transport of [1-14C]indol-3-ylacetic acid in Abies balsamea shoots

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Ylacetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Dormant attached or detached shoots of balsam fir were naturally or artificially chilled to induce different states along the rest–quiescence continuum. At the end of the chilling pretreatment, the shoots either were left intact or were debudded and treated with indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA). The shoots were placed under controlled-environment conditions favorable for growth, and at intervals thereafter, a pulse of [1-14C]IAA was applied to the shoot apex. Measured at the end of the chilling pretreatment, [14C]IAA velocity and flux decreased with increasing duration of chilling (i.e., as rest graded into quiescence). The time required to commence cambial growth and to attain maximum rates of cambial activity and [14C]IAA transport also decreased as rest changed to quiescence. Transport in actively growing shoots exceeded that in quiescent shoots, but was similar to that in resting shoots. The [14C]IAA pulse moved basipetally as unchanged IAA, was blocked by a bark + cambium girdle, and was inhibited by abscisic acid and long-term application of exogenous IAA. The results indicate that: (1) the long-distance, cambium-located, IAA transport system demonstrated in dicotyledonous species also operates in conifers, (2) during the dormant period changes occur in [14C]IAA transport and in the cambial response to exogenous IAA, (3) the change in [14C]IAA transport is the result of change in the transporting capability of cells in the cambial zone, and (4) the change in [14C]IAA transport is not the cause of the differential response of quiescent and resting cambia to exogenous IAA.

Analyse dendrochronologique d'un glissement de terrain de la région du Lac à l'Eau Claire (Québec nordique)

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bégin ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Glissement De Terrain ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Ring Analysis

A landslide in Clearwater Lake has been dated to spring of 1933 from tree-ring analysis (reaction wood, growth suppression, and corrosion scars). From the 52 sampled trees, seven peak periods of movement were registered within the site before landslide occurrence: 1785, 1815, 1827, 1829, 1852–1853, 1871–1872, 1897, and 1926. After a slow progression lasting 200 years, the slope movements accelerated in 1926, as indicated by suppressed growth rings. It is proposed here that the landslide was the outcome of a long-term slope development partly controlled by climate (precipitation). Postdisturbance forest regeneration (between 1950 and 1976) on the newly exposed substrate is also related to climatic conditions.

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