scholarly journals Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Alejandro Casteller ◽  
Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽  
Veronika Stöckli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

Analyse dendrochronologique d'un glissement de terrain de la région du Lac à l'Eau Claire (Québec nordique)

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bégin ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Glissement De Terrain ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Ring Analysis

A landslide in Clearwater Lake has been dated to spring of 1933 from tree-ring analysis (reaction wood, growth suppression, and corrosion scars). From the 52 sampled trees, seven peak periods of movement were registered within the site before landslide occurrence: 1785, 1815, 1827, 1829, 1852–1853, 1871–1872, 1897, and 1926. After a slow progression lasting 200 years, the slope movements accelerated in 1926, as indicated by suppressed growth rings. It is proposed here that the landslide was the outcome of a long-term slope development partly controlled by climate (precipitation). Postdisturbance forest regeneration (between 1950 and 1976) on the newly exposed substrate is also related to climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Growth-Ring Analysis of Diploknema butyracea Is a Potential Tool for Revealing Indigenous Land Use History in the Lower Himalayan Foothills of Nepal

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Teeka Ram Bhattarai ◽  
Maaike De Ridder ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Land

Slash-and-burn is a farming practice of the indigenous communities in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal. The traditional land-tenure system is based on a customary oral tradition. However, the government’s persistent denial of land rights has fueled the indigenous conflicts in the last few decades. Deliverance of scientific evidence-based arguments may underpin the ongoing conflict-resolution dialogues between the authorities and the indigenous communities. Dating growth rings of trees in a slash-and-burn system might help the indigenous people to find evidence of their historic land uses in the mountainous landscape. In this pilot study, we examined the potential of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H. J. Lam growth rings for documenting land use history of Nepalese indigenous farming practices, as this species is being preserved during the slash-and-burn practices. The species is an economically important and ecologically interesting (as it flushes leaves when everything is dry, and sheds leaves while everything is green) deciduous tree species belonging to Sapotaceae family and widely distributed in Sub-Himalayan tracts. Five stem discs were studied which were originated from the Kandrang valley of the Chitwan district, Nepal. For the first time, we revealed distinct growth rings in this species which are marked by fibers with thicker cell walls. Growth-ring anomalies, i.e., wedging and partially missing rings, were also found. Four out of five samples could be crossdated at a marginal level (GLK ≥ 60 and t ≥ 2.0) which is a confirmation of the annual nature of growth rings. One of the samples showed black spots of oxidized wood which are traces of fire, suggesting evidence of slash-and-burn practices in the study area since 1933. This study suggests a strong potential of D. butyracea for growth-ring analysis to reconstruct indigenous land use history in Nepal.

scholarly journals TREE RING ANALYSIS OF BRACHYSTEGIA SPICIFORMIS AND ISOBERLINIA TOMENTOSA: EVALUATION OF THE ENSO-SIGNAL IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF EASTERN AFRICA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Trouet ◽  
Kristof Haneca ◽  
Pol Coppin ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis

The value of growth rings as proxy data for climate reconstruction was studied in two miombo woodland species in eastern Africa. Growth rings, marked by terminal parenchyma, were visually detectable on carefully prepared stem discs of Isoberlinia tomentosa and Brachystegia spiciformis, dominant species of the miombo woodland in north-western Tanzania. However, the presence of multiple growth ring anomalies rendered cross-dating of the growth ring series between trees difficult. Cross-dating succeeded for eight out of thirteen samples for Isoberlinia tomentosa, but was unsuccessful for Brachystegia spiciformis. A mean series of 38 years was calculated for Isoberlinia tomentosa only. Monthly precipitation, monthly maximum air temperature and monthly SOI-value (Southern Oscillation Index) correlated significantly with tree ring widths of the mean series. These correlations are strong indicators of the annual character of the growth rings. They also suggest that Isoberlinia tomentosa provides an appropriate paleoclimatic record for dendroclimatic reconstruction.

Wood anatomy and growth ring boundaries of Copaifera lucens (Fabaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Fontana ◽  
Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis ◽  
Luiz Santini-Junior ◽  
Paulo César Botosso ◽  
Cristina Nabais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Secretory Canals ◽  
Ring Analysis

ABSTRACTThe wood anatomy of Copaifera lucens Dwyer was studied with an emphasis on its growth ring boundaries. Growth rings are visible to the naked eye and demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands and, sometimes, by thick-walled fibers in the latewood. Secretory canals are associated with marginal parenchyma bands, but not all marginal parenchyma bands are associated with canals. Paratracheal parenchyma is vasicentric to lozenge-aliform. Rays are 1–4-seriate, heterocellular and non-storied. Vessels are visible to the naked eye, diffuse, predominantly solitary, some in multiples, sometimes filled with gums. Crystals present. Wood anatomical characteristics of C. lucens are in agreement with those previously reported for other species of Copaifera. In addition to what had already been described for C. lucens, we observed gelatinous fibers, and some bifurcate fibers, and extremely rare clustered vessels. The growth ring boundaries are well-defined in mature wood but less distinctive near the pith. There are also partial and confluent (wedging) rings, which are difficult to classify by anatomy only, but which represent false rings and complicate tree-ring analysis in this species.

Frequenz und Fliesshöhen der Plattlaui (Uri), rekonstruiert mithilfe von Jahrringen

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (11) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Christian Püntener ◽  
Markus Stoffel ◽  
Michelle Schneuwly-Bollschweiler
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts

Frequency and flow heights in the Plattlaui avalanche couloir (Uri) – a reconstruction based on tree growth rings The Maderaner Valley (Uri) is one of the regions in Switzerland most heavily affected by snow avalanches, and in the past has also regularly been ravaged by devastating events. The present article is intended to contribute to the database of known avalanche events, and to improve understanding of past avalanche activity. In order to do this, the annual rings of spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were investigated for growth disturbances which could indicate the frequency and flow height of past avalanches in two adjacent couloirs of the Plattlaui avalanche track. The dendromorphological analysis was based on growth ring samples taken from a total of 42 spruce trees on a transect at an altitude of 1570 m. The occurrence of past snow avalanches was primarily reconstructed from evidence of injuries and the associated tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts, but also included abrupt growth suppression, sudden increase in increment and the presence of compression wood. Altogether 19 avalanche events extending back to 1940 were reconstructed and the flow height of individual events demonstrated. Based on the spatial distribution of damaged trees, it was possible to distinguish between unusually high (2 events; 1986, 1999), high (7), medium (7) and small (3) flow heights of snow avalanches. The growth ring reconstruction contains considerably more events (19) than the local archive indicates (7), but fails to document two of the known events. The study therefore also demonstrates the limits of the approach in the case of low flow height avalanches, and at the beginning of the reconstruction with fewer trees available for analysis.

An analysis of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera, Siricidae), in Pinus radiata

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Ring Analysis

AbstractThe development of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., in a 30-year-old population of Pinus radiata in Tasmania was traced by growth ring analysis of killed trees. The outbreak probably developed from small foci; it reached its peak when the trees were 18–19 years old and then declined rapidly. Attack per tree was directly related to the density of emergents from trees killed in the previous season and the intensity of oviposition drilling was modified by the rainfall during the emergence season; the frequency of treble oviposition drills was directly related to summer rainfall. Survival of insects within trees declined with the years; this was related to the greater vigour and resistance of the surviving trees, but was apparently modified by spring rainfall. Resinosis and polyphenols associated with growth rings in stems living in 1964 indicated an increase in the proportion of trees resisting attack during the outbreak. The growth patterns of attacked and unattacked trees, and the obvious susceptibility of the weaker understorey trees, are discussed and due attention to site quality and plantation management are recommended to reduce Sirex attack in future.

scholarly journals Growth ring analysis of fossil coniferous woods from early cretaceous of Araripe Basin (Brazil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etiene F. Pires ◽  
Margot Guerra-Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Equatorial Belt ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Woods

Growth ring analysis on silicified coniferous woods from the Missão Velha Formation (Araripe Basin - Brazil) has yielded important information about periodicity of wood production during the Early Cretaceous in the equatorial belt. Despite warm temperatures, dendrological data indicate that the climate was characterized by cyclical alternation of dry and rainy periods influenced by cyclical precipitations, typical of tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The abundance of false growth rings can be attributed to both occasional droughts and arthropod damage. The present climate data agree with palaeoclimatic models that inferred summer-wet biomes for the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous boundary in the southern equatorial belt.

LIGHT SHORTAGE AS A MODIFYING FACTOR FOR GROWTH DYNAMICS AND WOOD ANATOMY IN YOUNG DECIDUOUS TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Hoffmann ◽  
Fritz H. Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Social

Suppressed trees growing under the canopy of mature forests exceed the number of tall, dominant individuals by far. This paper focuses on the wood structure of suppressed trees modified by light shortage. Secondly, the growth dynamics of suppressed deciduous trees within two sites was reconstructed by internal (tree rings) and external (bud scale scars) age determination. The social status of each specimen within the natural regeneration changes with time. Suppressed plants could once have held higher-ranking positions and individuals suffering from periods of suppression are able to recover after light conditions improve. This is an important process for the long-term survival strategy of shade tolerant tree species. Wood anatomy modified by suppression provides additional information on tree growth through the following properties: low percentage of pores in earlywood, changed distribution of pores, indistinct or absent growth ring boundaries, discontinuous growth rings. The low percentage of pores in earlywood may be a means of identifying light shortage in deciduous trees.

scholarly journals Growth dynamics of Anadenanthera colubrina var. ,i>cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa from Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brazil.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Póvoa de Mattos ◽  
Rudi Arno Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Ring Analysis

There is a great demand for wood within tropical natural forests and a scarcity of available data to carry out a management program. It is of great importance, therefore, that growth ring information is being enhanced. The Pantanal of Nhecolândia, sub-region of Pantanal Mato-grossense, may be viewed as one of these regions. Its natural forests are systematically cut to be used as solid wood or fuel, or replaced by cultivated pastures. Peculiar climatic and soil factors of Nhecolandia induce the formation of annual growth rings. This work aims at determining the radial increments of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa by growth ring analysis. Disks from eight trees of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and six of Tabebuia impetiginosa were collected, in July 1996, in Nhumirim Farm, Embrapa Pantanal, located in Nhecolandia sub-region. The trees of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa were 14 to 30 and 15 to 30 years old, respectively. Diameter increment varied from 5.4 to 8.0 mm/year for Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and from 4.8 to 11.6 mm/year for Tabebuia impetiginosa. The average estimated time for both species to reach a diameter of 40 cm was 55 years.

scholarly journals Zwanzig Jahre Versuchsaufforstung Stillberg: Überleben und Wachstum einer subalpinen Aufforstung in Abhängigkeit vom Standort | Twenty years experimental afforestation Stillberg: Survival and growth in a subalpine afforestation in relation to site conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Senn ◽  
Walter Schönenberger
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Long Term Studies

In an experimental afforestation (Stillberg near Davos) close to the subalpine tree line, we studied mortality and height development of planted Swiss stone pines, mountain pines and European larches, and their relationship to microsite parameters such as exposure, soil type and duration of snow cover in spring, as well as to meteorological parameters. The most important cause of mortality among the planted trees was the pathogenic fungus Gremmeniella abietina,which particularly occurred on sites with prolonged snow cover in spring. This study revealed changes in the ranking order among the species three times within twenty years,both for survival and for tree height, which demonstrates the necessity of long-term studies.

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