scholarly journals Nursery Production of Pinus engelmannii Carr. with Substrates Based on Fresh Sawdust

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
María González-Orozco ◽  
José Prieto-Ruíz ◽  
Arnulfo Aldrete ◽  
José Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Jorge Chávez-Simental ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Substrate is a factor that significantly influences the quality and production costs of nursery seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of peat moss, composted pine bark, and fresh pine sawdust in order to identify the proportions that favour the quality of Pinus engelmannii Carr. seedlings and minimise the production costs in the nursery. Substrates were formed using mixtures of peat moss (15% to 50%), composted pine bark (15% to 50%) and fresh pine sawdust (20% to 70%), with 2, 4 and 6 g L−1 of controlled release fertilizer (Multicote®, Haifa, Israel). A completely randomised experimental design with a factorial arrangement of 7 × 3 was used. The evaluated factors are root collar diameter, biomass, N-P-K content, and production costs of the substrates which were determined based on the container volume and three commercial quotations. Significant differences were found in root collar diameter and biomass, highlighting the treatments using 50% to 70% sawdust with 6 g L−1 of fertilizer. Assimilated values of N-P-K were acceptable in all treatments with 4 and 6 g L−1 of fertilizer. In the substrates with high percentages of sawdust, seedlings with morphological characteristics and nutritional levels within the values recommended for conifers were produced. In addition, it was possible to reduce the production cost of the substrates by up to 67%.

Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of container-grown red oak seedlings as a function of nitrogen fertilization and inoculum type of Laccariabicolor

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
N Level ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Mycelial Suspension ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Containerized red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton using two methods to compare the efficiency of two inoculum types: a mycelial suspension (Ecot-Sol®101) produced by Rhizotec Laboratories Inc. and calcium alginate beads containing this mycelial suspension. Red oak seedlings were also grown for 19 weeks in a peat moss – vermiculite substrate under three levels of N fertilization (100, 120, and 140 mg/seedling per season) to determine the N level that maximizes the ectomycorrhizae formation and growth of seedlings. After 19 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly more mycorrhizae than both those inoculated with beads and controls, regardless of the N level. For any of the N levels, liquid-inoculated seedlings had significantly lower shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry weights (shoot, root, and total) than both those inoculated with beads and the controls, whereas there were no significant differences for any growth parameters between the bead and control treatments. For the three inoculum treatments, root and total dry weights of seedlings fertilized with 100 mg N were significantly lower than those of seedlings that received both 120 and 140 mg N, whereas shoot height, root-collar diameter, and shoot:root ratio of seedlings did not differ significantly between any of the three N levels. After 19 weeks, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly greater N and P concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than those inoculated with beads only at the 140 mg N level. Analyses show that seedling concentrations of 1.2% N and 0.1% P and substrate fertility of 25 ppm N and 30 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Q. rubra – L. bicolor.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing pattern and density on the quality of one-year-old Austrian pine bareroot seedlings

REFORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Jovana Devetaković ◽  
◽  
Lučian Krinulović ◽  
Ivona Kerkez Janković
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are frequently used for afforestation/reforestation and restoration practice in Serbia. Indeed, the seedlings of various stock types are produced by almost all forest nurseries in Serbia and bareroot seedlings are mostly common. The aim of this study is to analyze the method of sowing and sowing density on some morphological characteristics and quality of one-year-old Austrian pine seedlings. Sowing in rows and random sowing across all seedbed space were performed. In both cases, the sowing density (R1 - 8 g m-1, R2 - 40 g m-2) and half of the recommended sowing density (S1 - 4 g m-1, S2 - 20 g m-2) were applied. Seedlings from both treatments had average height and root collar diameter values in the range of 4.91 to 5.73 cm, and 1.25 to 2.34 mm, respectively. Observed characteristics of seedlings (height - H, root collar diameter - RCD, root length - RL, dry weight of shoot - SDW, root - RDW and seedlings - SLDW, sturdiness coefficient - SQ and quality index - QI) were conditioned by treatment (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). Shoot to root ration was similar at seedlings of all treatments and ranged from 1.33 to 1.63. In both cases, decreased density produced better results. The combination of lower sowing density (20 g m-2) and sowing in all seedbed areas (S2) provided the best seedlings with QI - 0.21.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari ◽  
Mayara dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
Matheus Marquezini de Andrade ◽  
Jessica Rezende Trettel ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 &mu;M NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

scholarly journals Gübrelemenin Kayacık (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) Fidanlarının Morfolojik Gelişimine Etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şemsettin Kulaç ◽  
Özge Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Ostrya Carpinifolia ◽  
Made In

In this study, in order to help the mass production of seedlings, the effect of fertilization on the morphological development of hornbeam leafy European hophornbeam (Ostry carpinifolia Scop) seedlings were investigated. For this, seedlings, which were obtained from the seeds coming from different European hophornbeam populations (Düzce-Yığılca, Antalya-Finike, Antalya-Akseki, Kastamonu-Şehdağ ve Adana-Saimbeyli) from various parts of Turkey, were used. European hophornbeam seedlings were treated with different fertilizers, including urea, ammonium sulphate, compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and 20-20-0, and 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizer, and effects of these fertilizers on the morphological characters were investigated. Fertilization contained the same amount of nitrogen, and was made in three different ways; (1) mixing with habitat, (2) topical application and (3) liquid application. The development of germinated European hophornbeam seeds, which were spring-sowed in the same medium were monitored during the vegetation period. At the end of vegetation period, seedlings were removed from the soil and morphological characteristics of root (seedling length, root collar diameter, root length, fresh root and stem weight of the seedlings, dried root and stem weight of the seedlings and bud number) were measured. As a result, it was observed that fertilization positively affects the development of seedlings and depending on the fertilization type the seedlings of European hophornbeam populations were found to exhibit different improvements/growing. In addition, 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizers were determined to be the best fertilizers affecting the morphological (diameter and height) development of European hophornbeam populations effectively, and among the populations, Düzce and Kastamonu populations showed the best improvement/growing.

scholarly journals Use of Time-of-Flight Ultrasound to Measure Wave Speed in Poplar Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglu Liu ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Houjiang Zhang ◽  
Cheng Guan ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Ultrasonic Speed ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Poplar Seedlings

In this study, 145 poplar (Populus × euramericana cv.’74/76’) seedlings, a common plantation tree species in China, were selected and their ultrasonic velocities were measured at four timepoints during the first growth year. After that, 60 poplar seedlings were randomly selected and cut down to determine their acoustic velocity, using the acoustic resonance method. The effects of influencing factors such as wood green density, microfibril angle, growth days, and root-collar diameter on acoustic speed in seedlings and the relationship between ultrasonic speed and acoustic resonance speed were investigated and analyzed in this work. The number of specimens used for investigating growth days and root-collar diameter was 145 in both cases, while 60 and two specimens were used for investigating wood density and the microfibril angle, respectively. The results of this study showed that the ultrasonic speed of poplar seedlings significantly and linearly increased with growth days, within 209 growing days. The ultrasonic velocity of poplar seedlings has a high and positive correlation with growth days, and the correlation was 0.99. However, no significant relationship was found between the ultrasonic velocity and root-collar diameter of poplar seedlings. Furthermore, a low and negative relationship was found between wood density and ultrasonic speed (R2 = 0.26). However, ultrasonic velocity significantly decreased with increasing microfibril angle (MFA) in two seedlings, and thus MFA may have an impact on ultrasonic speed in poplar seedlings. In addition, ultrasonic velocity was found to have a strong correlation with acoustic resonance velocity (R2 = 0.81) and a good correlation, R2 = 0.75, was also found between the dynamic moduli of elasticity from ultrasonic and acoustic resonance tests. The results of this study indicate that the ultrasonic technique can possibly be used to measure the ultrasound speed of young seedlings, and thus early screen seedlings for their stiffness properties in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of the Nutritional Aspects on Initial Growth of African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Camila Oliveira Muniz ◽  
Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil ◽  
Lucas Morais Lobo ◽  
Evaldo De Melo Ferreira ◽  
João Augusto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Block Effect ◽  
Root Collar

Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. (African mahogany) is one of the most economically important forest species, since it is used in the international furniture market. However, little is known about its culture and nutritional requirements. This study aimed to assess the development of K. ivorensis plants subjected to different base saturations, as well as to different N, P and K levels. An 8-ha area was used, wherein 4 ha had base saturation increased to 55% and the remaining 4 ha to 75%. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with eight repetitions in a factorial scheme (4 × 4 × 4), being four N doses, four P doses and four K doses. The base saturation was assessed through the block effect. The root collar diameter and the plant height were measured 12 months after planting. Each experimental plot comprised six plants. The root collar diameter showed statistical differences between blocks and N doses. Only the NPK association showed statistical variation in plant height. However, a growth decreasing trend resulting from increased N doses was observed, as well as a growth increasing trend resulting from increased P and K doses. All treatments favored African mahogany growth. The most indicated base saturation was 55%, since there was no plant growth improvement when V% was increased to 75%. The excess of N impaired the growth of the species. The best treatment comprised 60 g urea, 240 g triple superphosphate, and 168 g potassium chloride.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Size ofAfzelia quanzensison Germination and Seedling Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kupatsa Mtambalika ◽  
Chimuleke Munthali ◽  
Dominic Gondwe ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Afzelia Quanzensis ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Root Collar

Afzelia quanzensisWelw is a valuable timber producing tree species in Africa. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed size on seed germination and seedlings quality ofAfzelia quanzensis. Seed was categorized into three groups in regard to their length, small (<1.5 cm), medium (≥ 1.5 ≤ 2.5 cm), and large (>2.5 cm). The treatments were completely randomized into four replications. Germination percentage was not significantly(P>0.05)different between the treatments, although large seeds had the highest germination percentage of 94.9%. There were significant(P<0.05)differences in seedling height and root collar diameter among the different seed sizes, with large seeds having the highest seedlings height and largest root collar diameter. This was attributed to differences in the food reserves. Survival of transplants from shoot dieback was significantly(P<0.05)different such that seedlings from large seed attained the highest survival of 92%. It is therefore recommended that, for production of high quality transplants in the nursery, large seeds should be used.

Effects of mycorrhizas on growth of pine seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Gantuya B ◽  
Burenjargal O
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an economically important source of timber in Mongolia and has been widely used in reforestation programs. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizas on the growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas increased the height, root length, and root collar diameter of the pine seedlings compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the percentage survival rate is higher in mycorrhizal inoculated pine seedlings than control seedlings. These results demonstrated that inoculation could effectively form ectomycorrhizas with pine seedlings and promote its growth, which can be used to restore Mongolian forest. Нарсны тарьцын ургалтанд микоризын үзүүлэх нөлөө Эгэл нарс (Pinus sylvestris) нь Монгол орны хувьд эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой мод бөгөөдойжуулалтанд өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаараа эгэл нарсны (Pinus sylvestris) тарьцныургалтанд микоризaхэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг судлав. Эктомикоризa (Pisolithus tinctorius, Lactarius laccata)болон эндомикоризийн (Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum хх) бэлдмэл ашиглан тарьсан тарьцын өндөр,үндэсний хүзүүвчийн диаметр болон үндэсний урт нь микоризын бэлдмэл ашиглаагүй тарьцуудтайхарьцуулахад илүү байв. Түүнчлэн микоризын бэлдмэл ашигласан тарьцуудын амьдралтын хувийнүзүүлэлт хяналтын тарьцуудаас өндөр байгааг уг судалгааны үр дүн харуулав. Дээрх үр дүнгээрмикоризын бэлдмэл нь нарсны суулгацын үндсэнд микориза болон хэлбэржиж, түүний өсөлтийгдэмжиж байгааг илрүүлсэн бөгөөд уг бэлдмэлийг ойг нөхөн сэргээхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.Түлхүүр үг: Нарс, өндөр, үндэсний урт, диаметр

QUALITY APPRAISAL OF WHITE SPRUCE AND WHITE PINE SEEDLING STOCK IN NURSERIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dickson ◽  
Albert L. Leaf ◽  
John F. Hosner
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quality Appraisal ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Collar

Total seedling weight, shoot weight and root weight in grams on an oven dry basis, root collar diameter in millimeters, and height in centimeters were used to develop an integrated index of seedling quality.

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