A Control Alternative for the Hidden Enemy in the Wine Cellar

Brettanomyces bruxellensis has been described as the principal spoilage yeast in the winemaking industry. To avoid its growth, wine is supplemented with SO2, which has been questioned due to its potential harm to health. For this reason, studies are being focused on searching for, ideally, natural new antifungals. On the other hand, it is known that in wine production there are a variety of microorganisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, that are possible biological controls. Thus, it has been described that some microorganisms produce antimicrobial peptides, which might control yeast and bacteria populations. Our laboratory has described the Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 strain as a natural producer of antimicrobial compounds against food spoilage microorganisms, as is B. bruxellensis, without affecting the growth of S. cerevisiae. We have demonstrated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound and its low molecular mass (under 10 kDa). This is the first step to the possible use of C. intermedia as a selective bio-controller of the contaminant yeast in the winemaking industry.

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Study on the Inhibitory Activity of a Synthetic Defensin Derived from Barley Endosperm against Common Food Spoilage Yeast

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Laila N. Shwaiki ◽

Aylin W. Sahin ◽

Elke K. Arendt

Keyword(s):

Apple Juice ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Food Spoilage ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Barley Endosperm ◽

Spoilage Yeast ◽

Spoilage Yeasts ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms

In the food industry, food spoilage is a real issue that can lead to a significant amount of waste. Although current preservation techniques are being applied to reduce the occurrence of spoilage microorganisms, the problem persists. Food spoilage yeast are part of this dilemma, with common spoilers such as Zygosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces and Saccharomyces frequently encountered. Antimicrobial peptides derived from plants have risen in popularity due to their ability to reduce spoilage. This study examines the potential application of a synthetic defensin peptide derived from barley endosperm. Its inhibitory effect against common spoilage yeasts, its mechanisms of action (membrane permeabilisation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species), and its stability in different conditions were characterised. The safety of the peptide was evaluated through a haemolysis and cytotoxicity assay, and no adverse effects were found. Both assays were performed to understand the effect of the peptide if it were to be consumed. Its ability to be degraded by a digestive enzyme was also examined for its safety. Finally, the peptide was successfully applied to different beverages and maintained the same inhibitory effects in apple juice as was observed in the antiyeast assays, providing further support for its application in food preservation.

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Genomics Perspectives on Metabolism, Survival Strategies, and Biotechnological Applications of Brettanomyces bruxellensis LAMAP2480

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1159/000471924 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 147-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liliana Godoy ◽

Evelyn Silva-Moreno ◽

Wladimir Mardones ◽

Darwin Guzman ◽

Francisco A. Cubillos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Survival Strategies ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Wine Production ◽

Brettanomyces Bruxellensis ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Spoilage Yeast ◽

Genome Comparisons

Wine production is an important commercial issue for the liquor industry. The global production was estimated at 275.7 million hectoliters in 2015. The loss of wine production due to Brettanomyces bruxellensis contamination is currently a problem. This yeast causes a “horse sweat” flavor in wine, which is an undesired organoleptic attribute. To date, 6 B. bruxellensis annotated genome sequences are available (LAMAP2480, AWRI1499, AWRI1608, AWRI1613, ST05.12/22, and CBS2499), and whole genome comparisons between strains are limited. In this article, we reassembled and reannotated the genome of B. bruxellensis LAMAP2480, obtaining a 27-Mb assembly with 5.5 kb of N50. In addition, the genome of B. bruxellensis LAMAP2480 was analyzed in the context of spoilage yeast and potential as a biotechnological tool. In addition, we carried out an exploratory transcriptomic analysis of this strain grown in synthetic wine. Several genes related to stress tolerance, micronutrient acquisition, ethanol production, and lignocellulose assimilation were found. In conclusion, the analysis of the genome of B. bruxellensis LAMAP2480 reaffirms the biotechnological potential of this strain. This research represents an interesting platform for the study of the spoilage yeast B. bruxellensis.

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INHIBITION OF PYOCYANIN PRODUCTION IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BY NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM HERBAL EXTRACTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.18056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Preeti Jain ◽

Suman Kumari ◽

Ashish Malik

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Antimicrobial Compound ◽

Acetone Extracts ◽

Microbroth Dilution ◽

Growth Of Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Objective: P. aeruginosa produces a range of metabolites including pyocyanin that enhance its ability to resist antibiotics and becomes capable of surviving adverse conditions.Method: In this report, eight plants (extracted with five solvents) were screened for antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa by microbroth dilution method. Afterward tested for inhibition of pyocyanin in presence and absence of plant extracts.Result: Among these D. muricata and S. quitoenes exhibited good antibacterial potential. Inhibition of pyocyanin is identified as a potential anti-virulence strategy. Therefore, acetone extract of six plants exhibited MIC ≤3.125mg/ml and methanol extract of three plants exhibited MIC ≤6.25mg/ml were used to check pyocyanin inhibition in P. aeruginosa. In acetone extracts, significant pyocyanin inhibition was found in I. pestigirdis and C. colocynthis. In methanol extracts, C. colocynthis and D. muricata showed considerable pyocyanin inhibition.Conclusion: Overall result indicates that the best antimicrobial compound (growth inhibitor) may not be best inhibitor of pyocyanin biosynthesis or vice-versa. Moreover, I. pestigirdis, C. colocynthis and D. muricata seems to contain compounds which inhibit the growth of bacteria as well as the biosynthesis of pyocyanin.

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Acetic acid induces a programmed cell death process in the food spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii

FEMS Yeast Research ◽

10.1111/j.1567-1364.2003.tb00143.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paula Ludovico ◽

Filipe Sansonetty ◽

Manuel T Silva ◽

Manuela CÃ´rte-Real

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Death Process ◽

Food Spoilage ◽

Zygosaccharomyces Bailii ◽

Spoilage Yeast ◽

Cell Death Process

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Biochemical effects of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and sodium nitrite on food spoilage yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biologia ◽

10.1007/s11756-021-00964-x ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Berna Kavakcioglu Yardimci ◽

Sevilay Cengiz Sahin ◽

Nurettin Ilter Sever ◽

Nihal Simsek Ozek

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Sodium Benzoate ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Food Spoilage ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Spoilage Yeast

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The Use of Harmful to Others-Criterion for Involuntary Treatment in Finland

European Journal of Health Law ◽

10.1163/092902703769681614 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 183-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

The Other ◽

Involuntary Treatment ◽

Involuntary Hospitalization ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Potential Harm ◽

Western Countries ◽

Harm To Others

AbstractDuring the past decades the Western countries have paid attention to their Mental Health legislation, in particular, by making changes concerning involuntary treatment. In Western countries legislation allows involuntary treatmentof the mentally ill. Involuntary psychiatric treatment is motivated by either potential harm to others (for the good of society) or by need for treatment and/or potential self-harm (for the good of the patient). The aims of this study were to describe to what extent the danger to others criterion is used as a motivation for involuntary hospitalization and detainment in Finland, and to what kind of patients this criterion is applied. The study involves a retrospective chart review of all the treatment periods of a six month admission sample in three Finnish university hospitals. We found that potential harm to others has been rarely used as a motivation for involuntary referral or detainment together with other motivations, and virtually never as the sole motivation. With the exception of gender, which was most often male, patients with potential harm to others did not differ significantly from other involuntarily treated patients. Coercion (defined as seclusion, the use of restraints, forced medication, physical restraint or restrictions in leaving the ward) was not used with these patients more regularly than with the patients motivated by the other criteria. Length of stay (LOS) in a psychiatric hospital did not differ between the patients determined harmful to others and the other involuntarily treated patients.

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Antimicrobial Activity of neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids isolated from Lamiaceae Species against Pathogenic and Food Spoilage Microorganisms

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petko Bozov ◽

Tania Girova ◽

Natalia Prisadova ◽

Yana Hristova ◽

Velizar Gochev

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Food Spoilage ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Spoilage Bacteria ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Clerodane Diterpenoids ◽

Acetone Extracts ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms

Antimicrobial activity of nineteen neo-clerodane diterpenoids, isolated from the acetone extracts of the aerial parts of Scutellaria and Salvia species (Lamiaceae) were tested against thirteen strains belonging to nine different species of pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella abony and Staphylococcus aureus as well as against two yeast strains belonging to species Candida albicans. Seven of the evaluated compounds scutalpin A, scutalpin E, scutalpin F, salviarin, splenolide A, splenolide B and splendidin demonstrated antimicrobial activity against used test microbial strains, the rest of the compounds were inactive within the studied concentration range. Among all of the tested compounds the highest antimicrobial activity was detected for scutalpin A against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 25 μg/mL).

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PMKT2, a new killer toxin from Pichia membranifaciens, and its promising biotechnological properties for control of the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.023663-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 624-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

A. Santos ◽

M. San Mauro ◽

E. Bravo ◽

D. Marquina

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Killer Toxin ◽

Small Scale ◽

Brettanomyces Bruxellensis ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Pichia Membranifaciens ◽

Spoilage Yeast ◽

Spoilage Yeasts

Pichia membranifaciens CYC 1086 secretes a killer toxin (PMKT2) that is inhibitory to a variety of spoilage yeasts and fungi of agronomical interest. The killer toxin in the culture supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration and purified to homogeneity by two successive steps, including native electrophoresis and HPLC gel filtration. Biochemical characterization of the toxin showed it to be a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa and an isoelectric point of 3.7. At pH 4.5, optimal killer activity was observed at temperatures up to 20 °C. Above approximately this pH, activity decreased sharply and was barely noticeable at pH 6. The toxin concentrations present in the supernatant during optimal production conditions exerted a fungicidal effect on a variety of fungal and yeast strains. The results obtained suggest that PMKT2 has different physico-chemical properties from PMKT as well as different potential uses in the biocontrol of spoilage yeasts. PMKT2 was able to inhibit Brettanomyces bruxellensis while Saccharomyces cerevisiae was fully resistant, indicating that PMKT2 could be used in wine fermentations to avoid the development of the spoilage yeast without deleterious effects on the fermentative strain. In small-scale fermentations, PMKT2, as well as P. membranifaciens CYC 1086, was able to inhibit B. bruxellensis, verifying the biocontrol activity of PMKT2 in simulated winemaking conditions.

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