scholarly journals Fermentation as a Strategy for Bio-Transforming Waste into Resources: Lactic Acid Production from Agri-Food Residues

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Stefania Costa ◽  
Daniela Summa ◽  
Bruno Semeraro ◽  
Federico Zappaterra ◽  
Irene Rugiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Batch Fermenter ◽  
Food Residues

Lactic acid (LA) obtained by fermentation of carbohydrates is well-known and widely used in the food sector. This process is as an alternative to the chemical synthesis and ensures several advantages especially in terms of environmental sustainability. In particularly, the opportunity to use agro-food residues as fermentable raw materials could improve the overall process sustainability, without considering the indisputable advantages in terms of waste reduction and residual biomass valorization, in a bio- and circular economy perspective. This research deals with the study and development of the fermentation processes of various waste biomasses from the agro-food industries, including milk whey (MW), ricotta cheese whey (RCW), pear processing residues (PPR), potato pomace (PP), tomato pomace (PT), in order to obtain an experimental protocol applicable to the production of LA. Lactobacillus casei DSM 20011 (ATCC 393), a homofermentative L(+)-LA producing bacterium has been used, starting from small-scale tests to verify of the microorganism to grow in complex medium with different carbon sources and the possible presence of potentially toxic substances for microbial growth. Yields from 27.0 ± 0.3% to 46.0 ± 0.7% have been obtained. Then, a scaling-up was performed in a 1 L batch fermenter, using a mixed medium of RCW and PPR in different ratio. The best LA yield was 78.3% with a volumetric productivity of 1.12 g/L·h in less than 60 h.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Bio-Based Lactic Acid Production Utilizing Corn Grain as Feedstock

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Manandhar ◽  
Ajay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Chemical Equipment ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Corn Grain

Lactic acid is an important chemical with numerous commercial applications that can be fermentatively produced from biological feedstocks. Producing lactic acid from corn grain could complement the use of already existing infrastructure for corn grain-based ethanol production with a higher value product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of producing 100,000 metric tons (t) of lactic acid annually from corn grain in a biorefinery. The study estimated the resources (equipment, raw materials, energy, and labor) requirements and costs to produce lactic acid from bacteria, fungi and yeast-based fermentation pathways. Lactic acid production costs were $1181, $1251 and $844, for bacteria, fungi and yeast, respectively. Genetically engineered yeast strains capable of producing lactic acid at low pH support significantly cheaper processes because they do not require simultaneous neutralization and recovery of lactic acid, resulting in lower requirements for chemical, equipment, and utilities. Lactic acid production costs were highly sensitive to sugar-to-lactic-acid conversion rates, grain price, plant size, annual operation hours, and potential use of gypsum. Improvements in process efficiencies and lower equipment and chemical costs would further reduce the cost of lactic acid production from corn grain.

Lactic acid production from agricultural resources as cheap raw materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (13) ◽  
pp. 1492-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hurok Oh ◽  
Young-Jung Wee ◽  
Jong-Sun Yun ◽  
Seung Ho Han ◽  
Sangwon Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Agricultural Resources

scholarly journals Evaluation of conditions for fermentation of fish offal

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
T. Mikael Lassén
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Acid Fermentation

Conditions for the lactic acid fermentation of fish offal were evaluated regarding the effect of substrate concentration (2, 5 and 10% dextrose), preacidification with lactic acid (initial pH of 6.8, to 6.5 or 6.0), and inoculum size of Lactobacillus plantarum (107 , 108 and 109 colony forming units (cfu)/g). pH and lactic acid production were monitored during a two-week storage period. A small-scale silo for fermenting fish offal was also constructed, and measurement of redox potential was evaluated as a means to estimate bacterial growth conditions. The most favourable conditions for fermentation, manifested by a low and stable pH and high lactic acid production, were achieved with an inoculum size of 108 cfu/g and 5% dextrose. Preacidification did not affect final pH. Redox potential was shown to give a reliable estimate of growth conditions for bacteria under anaerobic conditions by rapidly falling to below -550mV in silage with a high lactic acid concentration.

Production of L-Lactic Acid from Corn Starch Hydrolysate by Immobilized Rhizopus oryzae on a New Asterisk-Shaped Matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Bing Bing Zhang ◽  
Yuan Liang Wang ◽  
Yan Feng Luo ◽  
Run Guang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate

A new asterisk-shaped matrix composed of stainless-steel mesh and cotton cloth was emloyed for immobilizing Rhizopus oryzae As3.3462 cells. The ability of the immobilized cells to produce L-lactic acid was evaluated by using corn starch hydrolysate as carbon sources. The cells were attached onto the matrix with nearly 100% efficiency within 5 h and demonstrated asterisk mycelia morphology rather than a pellet-like cake as exhibited by the free-cells. Consequently, the immobilization fermentation resulted in higher L-lactic acid concentration (82.79 g.L-1 vs 48.23 g.L-1) within a shorter time (60 h vs 72 h) than the free fermentation. In addition, the stability of the immobilized cells for a long-term fermentation was investigated in 8 consecutive fermentation batches for 30 days. The maximum variation of L-lactic acid concentration among these batches was less than 10%. These results imply that the proposed asterisk matrix is good for Rhizopus oryzae immobilization and provids a simple and feasible fermentation strategy for L-lactic acid production.

Utilization of brewing and malting by-products as carrier and raw materials in l-(+)-lactic acid production and feed application

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 3001-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Radosavljević ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Milana Pribić ◽  
Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov ◽  
Ranko Romanić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals New trends and challenges in lactic acid production on renewable biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Djukic-Vukovic ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Dusanka Pejin ◽  
Maja Vukasinovic-Sekulic ◽  
Marica Rakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
By Products

Lactic acid is a relatively cheap chemical with a wide range of applications: as a preservative and acidifying agent in food and dairy industry, a monomer for biodegradable poly-lactide polymers (PLA) in pharmaceutical industry, precursor and chemical feedstock for chemical, textile and leather industries. Traditional raw materials for fermentative production of lactic acid, refined sugars, are now being replaced with starch from corn, rice and other crops for industrial production, with a tendency for utilization of agro industrial wastes. Processes based on renewable waste sources have ecological (zero CO2 emission, eco-friendly by-products) and economical (cheap raw materials, reduction of storage costs) advantages. An intensive research interest has been recently devoted to develop and improve the lactic acid production on more complex industrial by-products, like thin stillage from bioethanol production, corncobs, paper waste, straw etc. Complex and variable chemical composition and purity of these raw materials and high nutritional requirements of Lare the main obstacles in these production processes. Media supplementation to improve the fermentation is an important factor, especially from an economic point of view. Today, a particular challenge is to increase the productivity of lactic acid production on complex renewable biomass. Several strategies are currently being explored for this purpose such as process integration, use of Lwith amylolytic activity, employment of mixed cultures of Land/or utilization of genetically engineered microorganisms. Modern techniques of genetic engineering enable construction of microorganisms with desired characteristics and implementation of single step processes without or with minimal pre-treatment. In addition, new bioreactor constructions (such as membrane bioreactors), utilization of immobilized systems are also being explored. Electrodialysis, bipolar membrane separation process, enhanced filtration techniques etc. can provide some progress in purification technologies, although it is still remaining the most expensive phase in the lactic acid production. A new approach of parallel production of lactic bacteria biomass with probiotic activity and lactic acid could provide additional benefit and profit rise in the production process.

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