scholarly journals Optimization of Carotenoids Production from Camelina sativa Meal Hydrolysate by Rhodosporidium toruloides

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Chiara Cantù ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi

Several compounds on the market derive from petrochemical synthesis, and carotenoids are no exception. Nonetheless, since their applications in the food, feed and cosmetic sectors, and because of sustainability issues, carotenoids of natural origin are desirable. Carotenoids can be extracted from several plants but also from carotenogenic microorganisms, among which are yeasts. Nonetheless, to meet sustainability criteria, the substrate used for yeast cultivation has to be formulated from residual biomasses. For these reasons, we deploy the yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, to obtain carotenoids from Camelina sativa meal, an underrated lignocellulosic biomass. Its enzymatic hydrolysis ensures the release of the sugars, as well as of the other nutrients necessary to sustain the process. We therefore separately optimized enzymatic and biomass loadings, and calculated the yields and productivities of the obtained carotenoids. The best conditions (9% w/v biomass, 0.56% w/wbiomass enzymes) were tested in different settings, in which the fermentation was performed separately or simultaneously with hydrolysis, resulting in a similar production of carotenoids. In order to collect quantitative data under controlled chemo-physical parameters, the process was implemented in stirred-tank bioreactors, obtaining 3.6 ± 0.69 mg/L of carotenoids; despite the volumetric and geometric change, the outcomes were consistent with results from the fermentation of shake flasks. Therefore, these data pave the way to evaluate a potential future industrialization of this bioprocess, considering the opportunity to optimize the use of different amounts of biomass and enzyme loading, as well as the robustness of the process in the bioreactor.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANO BERTACCHI ◽  
Chiara Cantù ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi

Abstract BackgroundPetrochemical synthetic dominates several markets, and carotenoids are not an exception. Since their applications in the food, feed and cosmetic sectors, carotenoids of natural origin are increasingly requested, but the production needs to be sustainable also in terms of initial feedstock. For these reasons we deployed the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides to obtain such compounds from Camelina sativa meal, an underrated lignocellulosic biomass. As the process starts from hydrolyzed biomass, we separately optimized enzymatic and biomass loadings, to reduce the overall process costs. ResultsThe best conditions (9% w/v biomass, 0.56% w/wbiomass enzymes) were tested in different settings, in which fermentation was separate or co-current with the hydrolysis, showing similar carotenoids productions. The process was implemented in stirred-tank bioreactors, obtaining 3.6 ± 0.69 mg/L of carotenoids, and showing to be robust towards changes in different parameters. ConclusionsThese data pave the way to evaluate a possible industrialization of this bioprocess, considering the opportunity to optimize the use of different amounts of biomass and enzyme loading. In addition, the test in bioreactor is an additional step to further develop the proposed process.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi

Abstract Background: As the circular economy advocates a near total waste reduction, the industry has shown an increased interest towards the exploitation of various residual biomasses. The origin and availability of biomass used as feedstock strongly affects the sustainability of biorefineries, where it is converted in energy and chemicals. Here, we explored the valorization of Camelina meal, the leftover residue from Camelina sativa oil extraction. In fact, in addition to Camelina meal use as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Camelina meal hydrolysates were used as nutrient and energy source for the fermentation of the carotenoid-producing yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides in shake flasks. Total acid hydrolysis revealed that carbohydrates accounted for a maximum of 31 ± 1.0% of Camelina meal. However, because acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, yielding a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation, and SSF preceded by presaccharification of Camelina meal hydrolysate produced 5 ± 0.7, 16 ± 1.9, and 13 ± 2.6 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively. Importantly, the presence of water-insoluble solids, which normally inhibit microbial growth, correlated with a higher titer of carotenoids, suggesting that the latter could act as scavengers. Conclusions: This study paves the way for the exploitation of Camelina meal as feedstock in biorefinery processes. The process under development provides an example of how different final products can be obtained from this side stream, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal can potentially increase the initial value of the source material. The obtained data will help assess the feasibility of using Camelina meal to generate high value-added products.


Author(s):  
Andries C. Hauptfleisch

Unsubsidised private retirement resorts in South Africa developed during the last three decades present residents with many challenges. There is no existing generally accepted knowledge base or guidelines to serve this sensitive market. The research objective was to establish which elements are experienced by residents of retirement resorts as satisfactory and which as problematic. A literature study was also undertaken. Quantitative as well as qualitative data were obtained by means of structured questionnaires, interviews and a seminar. The results reported pertain to eight resorts in the east of Pretoria, four in Bloemfontein and two in Knysna. The study is currently being extended to other centres. The quantitative data is arranged in order of the priorities set by the biggest group (Pretoria), with the other groups in comparison. So the research was based on the sourcing of quantitative and qualitative data, as well as on descriptive evaluations. The results offer insightful knowledge and guidelines towards establishing an optimal profile for the development of long-term sustainable private retirement resorts. The implications and value of this study are that both developers of retirement resorts and prospective residents are provided with guidelines to better equip them to evaluate a specific retirement resort with regard to the sustainable well- being of residents long-term.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi

Abstract Background: The sustainability of biorefineries is strongly related to the origin, the availability and the market of the biomass used as feedstock. Moreover, one of the pillars of circular economy aims at reducing waste, ideally to zero. These considerations well justify the increasing industrial interest in exploiting many and diverse residual biomasses. This work focuses on the valorization of the leftover from Camelina sativa oil extraction, named Camelina meal. Despite Camelina meal is used as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Here we valorized Camelina meal hydrolysates by using them as nutrient and energy source for shake-flask fermentations where Rhodosporidium toruloides , a yeast natural producer of carotenoids, accumulated these pigments as desired product. Initially, by total acid hydrolysis we determined that in Camelina meal carbohydrates account for a maximum of 30.8 ± 1.0 %. However, since the acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, obtaining a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Having stated that, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, with or without water insoluble solids (SHF, SHF+WIS), or Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) we obtained 5.51 ± 0.67, 12.64 ± 2.57, and 15.97 ± 0.67 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively, from Camelina meal hydrolysate. Significantly, the presence of WIS, possibly containing microbial inhibitors, correlates with a higher titer of carotenoids, which can be seen as scavengers. Conclusions: The proposed study paves the way for the development of bioprocesses based on the exploitation of Camelina meal, scarcely investigated in the field before, as feedstock. The processes depicted provide an example of how different final products of industrial interests can be obtained from this leftover, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal for the feed industry, without diminishing but possibly increasing its initial value. These data provide valuable basis for the economic evaluations necessary to assess the feasibility of a bioprocess based on Camelina meal to obtain high-value added products.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khairul Firdhaus Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Marzuqi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat Abdullah

This study aims to evaluate the role of Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN to produce huffaz in the State of Perak Darul Ridzuan based on the implementation of the Tahfiz Al-Quran curriculum with important instruments of collecting quantitative data (questionnaires). A survey method which was used involved 366 students from the Maahad Tahfiz Al-Quran ADDIN in the state of Perak who are randomly selected. The subjects of the study were students aged 13 years to 17 years old. A questionnaire was developed to collect the required data. The findings were analyzed descriptively by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22.0. The results show that the implementation of the goals and objectives of the Quranic Tahfiz curriculum at Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN was the highest mean of 3.60. The conclusions from this study show that the goal and objectives of tahfiz are at a good level and can be further enhanced. On the other hand, the content of the curriculum and time allocation for the Quranic memorization should be given due attention and improvements so that Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN can actually filling the gap in producing more quality huffaz in the state of Perak Darul Ridzuan.


2013 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Bevilaqua ◽  
Heidi Lahti ◽  
Patrícia H. Suegama ◽  
Oswaldo Garcia ◽  
Assis V. Benedetti ◽  
...  

Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dorien Nieuwenhuijsen

In this paper we will describe the historical development of the Spanish doublet ante-antes (‘before’) and explore the question whether a process of exaptation is involved (cf. Lass 1990). We will argue that the final –s of antes, that originally marked the adverbial status of the word, in the course of time had become a kind of morphological ‘junk’ (cf. Lass 1990) and, subsequently, could be exploited in order to encode the semantic opposition between temporal meaning on the one hand, and adversative meaning on the other hand. However, based on quantitative data we will show that the incipient semantic redistribution over the course of the 16th century rather suddenly collapsed, leading to a differentiation between the prepositional ante and adverbial antes.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
A. Ridolfi ◽  
P. C. C. Freire ◽  
M. Kramer ◽  
C. G. Bassa ◽  
F. Camilo ◽  
...  

AbstractMulti-decade observing campaigns of the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15 have led to an outstanding number of discoveries. Here, we report on the latest results of the long-term observations of the pulsars in these two clusters. For most of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae we have measured, among other things, their higher-order spin period derivatives, which have in turn provided stringent constraints on the physical parameters of the cluster, such as its distance and gravitational potential. For M15, we have studied the relativistic spin precession effect in PSR B2127+11C. We have used full-Stokes observations to model the precession effect, and to constrain the system geometry. We find that the visible beam of the pulsar is swiftly moving away from our line of sight and may very soon become undetectable. On the other hand, we expect to see the opposite emission beam sometime between 2041 and 2053.


Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hunter ◽  
Erika Rackley

AbstractThis paper examines judicial leadership on the UK Supreme Court. It does not confine itself to the formal roles of the President and Deputy President. Rather, building on existing categories of judicial leadership, including administrative, jurisprudential and community leadership, it considers the contributions of all 12 Justices. In so doing, it provides a significant compilation of quantitative data on the activities of the Justices of the Supreme Court both on and off the bench from the the Court's inception in 2009 to the end of the 2014-2015 legal year. From this, we suggest that while a number of the Justices engaged in one or two broad forms of leadership – with Lady Hale in particular demonstrating a substantial degree of leadership across all three dimensions – at the other end of the spectrum, at least on the measures used in this paper, a significant minority did not. In the light of this, and the significant number of recent and forthcoming retirements from the Court, the paper concludes by considering the implications of our findings for the future of the Court. We argue that these retirements will result in gaps in both formal and informal judicial leadership, and it is vital that these gaps are filled by appointees who are capable of, and prepared to step up to, diverse and varied forms of judicial leadership.


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