scholarly journals Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background: The sustainability of biorefineries is strongly related to the origin, the availability and the market of the biomass used as feedstock. Moreover, one of the pillars of circular economy aims at reducing waste, ideally to zero. These considerations well justify the increasing industrial interest in exploiting many and diverse residual biomasses. This work focuses on the valorization of the leftover from Camelina sativa oil extraction, named Camelina meal. Despite Camelina meal is used as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Here we valorized Camelina meal hydrolysates by using them as nutrient and energy source for shake-flask fermentations where Rhodosporidium toruloides , a yeast natural producer of carotenoids, accumulated these pigments as desired product. Initially, by total acid hydrolysis we determined that in Camelina meal carbohydrates account for a maximum of 30.8 ± 1.0 %. However, since the acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, obtaining a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Having stated that, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, with or without water insoluble solids (SHF, SHF+WIS), or Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) we obtained 5.51 ± 0.67, 12.64 ± 2.57, and 15.97 ± 0.67 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively, from Camelina meal hydrolysate. Significantly, the presence of WIS, possibly containing microbial inhibitors, correlates with a higher titer of carotenoids, which can be seen as scavengers. Conclusions: The proposed study paves the way for the development of bioprocesses based on the exploitation of Camelina meal, scarcely investigated in the field before, as feedstock. The processes depicted provide an example of how different final products of industrial interests can be obtained from this leftover, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal for the feed industry, without diminishing but possibly increasing its initial value. These data provide valuable basis for the economic evaluations necessary to assess the feasibility of a bioprocess based on Camelina meal to obtain high-value added products.

scholarly journals Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Shake Flasks

Abstract Background: As the circular economy advocates a near total waste reduction, the industry has shown an increased interest towards the exploitation of various residual biomasses. The origin and availability of biomass used as feedstock strongly affects the sustainability of biorefineries, where it is converted in energy and chemicals. Here, we explored the valorization of Camelina meal, the leftover residue from Camelina sativa oil extraction. In fact, in addition to Camelina meal use as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Camelina meal hydrolysates were used as nutrient and energy source for the fermentation of the carotenoid-producing yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides in shake flasks. Total acid hydrolysis revealed that carbohydrates accounted for a maximum of 31 ± 1.0% of Camelina meal. However, because acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, yielding a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation, and SSF preceded by presaccharification of Camelina meal hydrolysate produced 5 ± 0.7, 16 ± 1.9, and 13 ± 2.6 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively. Importantly, the presence of water-insoluble solids, which normally inhibit microbial growth, correlated with a higher titer of carotenoids, suggesting that the latter could act as scavengers. Conclusions: This study paves the way for the exploitation of Camelina meal as feedstock in biorefinery processes. The process under development provides an example of how different final products can be obtained from this side stream, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal can potentially increase the initial value of the source material. The obtained data will help assess the feasibility of using Camelina meal to generate high value-added products.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Camelina Sativa Meal in an Auger Reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Almberg ◽  
Gregory J. Michna ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Auger Reactor

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of camelina (Camelina sativa) meal feedstock was performed in an auger-type reactor. End products of the processing consisted of bio-char and condensed vapor in the form of bio-oil (ranging from liquid to highly viscous tar-like products). The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this study. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicated that products of the camelina meal pyrolysis process were more uniform when compared to that of other feedstocks (e.g. carinata meal, corn stover), yielding more consistent bio-oil characteristics.

scholarly journals Development of New Chip Products from Brewer’s Spent Grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reann Garrett ◽  
Danielle Bellmer ◽  
William McGlynn ◽  
Patricia Rayas-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Spent Grain

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a processing waste generated in large quantities by the brewing industry. It is estimated that over 38 million tons of BSG is produced worldwide each year and is usually used as animal feed, composted, or thrown into landfills. BSG contains valuable nutritional components, including protein, fiber, and antioxidants. Due to its brittle texture, strong nutty flavors, and dark color profiles, BSG has seen limited use in food products for human consumption. The objective of this study was to develop a palatable chip product that maximized the level of inclusion of BSG. Chips were produced that contained BSG levels ranging from 8% to 40%, and the physical and sensory properties of the chips were evaluated. Spent grain samples were provided by Iron Monk in Stillwater and were dried at a low temperature and milled into flour for use in the chip formulation. BSG chips were evaluated for water activity, color, and texture (fracture force). An informal sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate flavor, texture, and probability of purchase using a 5-point hedonic rating scale. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the texture of the chips containing different levels of BSG. The color measurements showed no significant differences between L ∗ and a ∗ values for the chips containing different inclusion levels of BSG, but there were some differences in the b ∗ values. Results from the sensory evaluation showed that consumers preferred the texture of chips with 40% BSG over chips with 8% BSG, and they were also more likely to purchase the 40% BSG chips. There were no significant differences in flavor among the chips containing different inclusion levels of BSG. These results suggest that, for a chip-type product, BSG inclusion levels up to 40% are possible with positive consumer responses. Development of an alternative value-added product represents an opportunity for breweries nationwide to turn a processing waste into a future asset.

scholarly journals Oil and Protein Stability in Some Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374
Author(s):  
İlhan Subaşı ◽  
Yusuf Arslan ◽  
Safure Güler ◽  
Halil Hatipoğlu ◽  
Servet Abrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Increasing Demand

Camelina sativa L. Crantz., which draws attention with its non-food use (biodiesel, animal feed etc.) against the increasing demand for oilseeds worldwide, is a good alternative plant. It is important to identify suitable and stable genotypes for regions along with high protein and oil content. The purpose of this study, camelina genotypes of Turkey in 3 different locations (Ankara, Ankara, Eskisehir) to investigate the quality characteristics in terms of genotype environment interactions in unirrigated and unfertilized conditions. 36 different genotypes, purified lines by negative selection, were analysed with 3 standard genotypes with augmented trial design. Environmental (E), genotype (G) and G × E interactions, which are sources of variation for protein and oil content, have been shown to be important. Oil and protein content were found ranged from 34.35%-37.88% and 25.76%-27.64% respectively. We have obtained important findings in our study to see the performance of Camelina sativa, and the possibility of alternative oil plants for these regions. İn terms of correlation of protein ratio and oil ratio, genotypes with high value that were least affected by each other were determined. The results showed that genotype selection by regions is important in terms of protein and oil ratio.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cann ◽  
Gabriel V. Pereira ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Daniel Wefers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

ABSTRACT Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.

scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Textile Waste through Acid Hydrolysis and Oxidation as Reinforcing Agent of Soy Protein Film

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuting Huang ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Ashraf Ismail ◽  
Yixiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Film ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Cellulose Iβ ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

More than 10 million tons of textile waste are disposed through landfill every year in North America. The disposal of textile waste via landfill or incineration causes environmental problems and represents a waste of useful resources. In this work, we explored the possibility to directly extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from untreated textile waste through two methods, namely sulfuric acid hydrolysis and three-step oxidization. CNCs with cellulose Iβ crystalline structure and rod-like shape were successfully obtained. The aspect ratios of CNCs prepared from acid hydrolysis and oxidization were 10.00 ± 3.39 and 17.10 ± 12.85, respectively. Their application as reinforcing agent of soybean protein isolate (SPI) film was evaluated. With the addition of 20% CNCs, the composite film maintained the high transparency, while their water vapor barrier property, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were significantly improved. This research demonstrates a promising approach to recycle textile waste, and more value-added applications based on the derived CNCs could be expected.

scholarly journals Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Antunes ◽  
Sara Marçal ◽  
Oludemi Taofiq ◽  
Alcina M. M. B. Morais ◽  
Ana Cristina Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
By Products

Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.

scholarly journals 4-pyridylmethyl, a thiol-protecting group suitable for the partial synthesis of proteins

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
U T Rüegg ◽  
D Jarvis ◽  
J Rudinger
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Bovine Insulin ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Partial Synthesis ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Good Solubility

Cysteine is converted into S-4-pyridylmethylcysteine [Gosden, Stevenson & Young (1972) J. Chem. Soc. Chem Commun. 1123-1124] by 4-pyridylmethyl chloride in aqueous propanol at pH 8.3. The derivative is stable to the conditions of total acid hydrolysis. Reduction and alkylation of bovine insulin (pH 8.3, aq. 50% propanol) gives fully S-substituted derivatives in excellent yields. The S-pyridylmethylated A- and B-chains of insulin were separated by gel filtration: each of them has good solubility properties. The pyridylmethyl group is cleaved by electrolysis in a dilute acid medium, pH 2.6, to give reduced chains. They can be recombined to give insulin in the same yield and with the same degree of biological activity as chains which had not been subjected to the protection and de-protection steps. The results indicate that pyridylmethyl satisfactorily meets requirements for partial synthesis and suggest that it warrants more general use.

Desiccant from Cassava for Dehydration of Alcohol Vapor at Near Azeotropic Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panarat Rattanaphanee ◽  
Watcharapong Laha ◽  
Chontira Boonfung
Keyword(s):  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Alcohol Vapor ◽  
Cassava Pulp

Wet cassava pulp is generated in large quantity during a production of cassava starch. Major utilization of the pulp is in animal feed manufacturing. During a period of low demand, this material could accumulate and decompose causing air pollution in areas surround the starch factories. This research used biomass desiccant prepared from cassava pulp in a bench-scale packed-bed adsorption system to study the dehydration of ethanol and n-propanol vapor at concentration near their azeotropic points. The sorption capacity was found to be 0.053 and 0.119 gwater/gdesiccant for ethanol and iso-propanol at concentration of 80 %(w/w) and 0.109 gwater/gdesiccant for n-propanol at concentration of 65 %(w/w). Alcoholic solutions with concentration higher than their aqueous azeotropic points, which could not be achieved by normal fractional distillation, were obtained in all the experiments. This study elucidates that cassava pulp could be value-added, and water adsorption using cassava-derived desiccant could be an alternative technique for production of high purity alcohols.

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