scholarly journals Investigating and Modeling of Cooperative Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Stopping Distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Steven Knowles Flanagan ◽  
Zuoyin Tang ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
Irfan Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
V2v Communications ◽  
On The Road

Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) or IEEE 802.11p/OCB (Out of the Context of a Base-station) is widely considered to be a primary technology for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, and it is aimed toward increasing the safety of users on the road by sharing information between one another. The requirements of DSRC are to maintain real-time communication with low latency and high reliability. In this paper, we investigate how communication can be used to improve stopping distance performance based on fieldwork results. In addition, we assess the impacts of reduced reliability, in terms of distance independent, distance dependent and density-based consecutive packet losses. A model is developed based on empirical measurements results depending on distance, data rate, and traveling speed. With this model, it is shown that cooperative V2V communications can effectively reduce reaction time and increase safety stop distance, and highlight the importance of high reliability. The obtained results can be further used for the design of cooperative V2V-based driving and safety applications.

scholarly journals Novel Road Traffic Management Strategy for Rapid Clarification of the Emergency Vehicle Route Based on V2V Communications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5120
Author(s):  
Radwa Ahmed Osman ◽  
Amira I. Zaki ◽  
Ahmed Kadry Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
V2v Communications ◽  
On The Road

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is a promising paradigm that enables all vehicles in the traffic road to communicate with each other to enhance traffic performance and increase road safety. Through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicles can understand the traffic conditions based on the information sent among vehicles on the road. Due to the potential delay caused by traffic jams, emergency vehicles may not be able to reach their destination in the required time, leading to severe losses. The case is more severe especially in developing countries where no emergency-vehicle-dedicated lanes are allocated. In this study, a new emergency vehicle route-clarifying strategy is proposed. The new clarifying strategy is based on vehicular traffic management in different interference medium scenarios. The proposed model aims, through V2V communication, to find the nearest vehicle with which to communicate. This vehicle plays an important role in reducing the travel time: as the emergency message is received, this vehicle will immediately communicate with all the neighboring vehicles on the road. Based on V2V communications, all the vehicles in the road will clear from the lane in the road for the emergency vehicle can safely reach its destination with the minimum possible travel time. The maximum distance between the emergency vehicle and the nearest vehicle was determined under different channel conditions. The proposed strategy applied an optimization technique to find the varied road traffic parameters. The proposed traffic management strategy was evaluated and examined through different assumptions and several simulation scenarios. The obtained results validated the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed model, and also indicated significant improvement in the network’s performance in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and average end-to-end delay (E2E).

scholarly journals Intersection Intelligence: Supporting Urban Platooning with Virtual Traffic Lights over Virtualized Intersection-Based Routing

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Saiáns-Vázquez ◽  
Esteban Ordóñez-Morales ◽  
Martín López-Nores ◽  
Yolanda Blanco-Fernández ◽  
Jack Bravo-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
V2v Communications

The advent of the autonomous car is paving the road to the realization of ideas that will help optimize traffic flows, increase safety and reduce fuel consumption, among other advantages. We present one proposal to bring together Virtual Traffics Lights (VTLs) and platooning in urban scenarios, leaning on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication protocols that turn intersections into virtual containers of data. Newly-introduced protocols for the combined management of VTLs and platoons are validated by simulation, comparing a range of routing protocols for the vehicular networks with the baseline given by common deployments of traditional traffic lights ruled by state-of-the-art policies. The simulation results show that the combination of VTLs and platoons can achieve significant reductions in travel times and fuel consumption, provided that proper algorithms are used to handle the V2V communications.

scholarly journals Share the Crowdsensing Data with Local Crowd by V2V Communications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Xili Dai
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Mobile Crowdsensing ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Truth Discovery ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
V2v Communications ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

With an increase in the number of mobile applications, the development of mobile crowdsensing systems has recently attracted significant attention from both academic researchers and industries. In mobile crowdsensing system, the remote cloud (or back-end server) harvests all the crowdsensing data from the mobile devices, and the crowdsensing data can be uploaded immediately via 3G/4G. To reduce the cost and energy consumption, many academic researchers and industries investigate the way of mobile data offloading. Due to the sparse distribution of the WiFi APs, offloading the crowdsensing data is often delayed. In this paper, compared with offloading data via WiFi APs, we investigate the communication and sharing of crowdsensing data by vehicles near the event (such as a pothole on the road), termed as a local crowd. In such crowd, a vehicle can transmit the data to each other by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The crowd-based approach has a lower delay than the offloading-based approach, by considering the quality of truth discovery. We define a utility function related to the crowdsensing data shared by the local crowd in order to quantify the trade-off between the quality of the truth discovery and the user satisfaction. Our extensional simulations verify the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.

scholarly journals Simulation Based Performance of Mumbai-Pune Expressway Scenario for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Using IEEE 802.11P

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali D. Khairnar ◽  
Ketan Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Channel Access ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Scenario

Abstract Traffic safety applications using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is an emerging technology and promising area within the ITS environment. Many of these applications require real-time communication with high reliability; to meet a real-time deadline, timely and predictable access to the channel. The medium access method used in 802.11p, CSMA with collision avoidance, does not guarantee channel access before a finite deadline. The well-known property of CSMA is undesirable for critical communications scenarios. The simulation results reveal that a specific vehicle is forced to drop over 80% of its packets because no channel access was possible before the next message was generated. To overcome this problem, we propose to use STDMA for realtime data traffic between vehicles. The real-time properties of STDMA are investigated by means of the highway road simulation scenario, with promising results.

scholarly journals A Cooperative Communication Protocol for QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11p/Wave Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Wan Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
The Road ◽  
Free Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide information and entertainment to drivers for safe and enjoyable driving. Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is designed for VANETs to provide services efficiently. In particular, infotainment services are crucial to leverage market penetration and deployment costs of the WAVE standard. However, a low presence of infrastructure results in a shadow zone on the road and a link disconnection. The link disconnection is an obstacle to providing safety and infotainment services and becomes an obstacle to the deployment of the WAVE standard. In this paper, we propose a cooperative communication protocol to reduce performance degradation due to frequent link disconnection in the road environment. The proposed protocol provides contention-free data delivery by the coordination of roadside units (RSUs) and can provide the network QoS. The proposed protocol is shown to enhance throughput and delay through the simulation.

Real-Time V2V Communication With a Machine Learning-Based System for Detecting Drowsiness of Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Awad ◽  
Seshadri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The U.S

This article applies machine learning to detect whether a driver is drowsy and alert the driver. The drowsiness of a driver can lead to accidents resulting in severe physical injuries, including deaths, and significant economic losses. Driver fatigue resulting from sleep deprivation causes major accidents on today's roads. In 2010, nearly 24 million vehicles were involved in traffic accidents in the U.S., which resulted in more than 33,000 deaths and over 3.9 million injuries, according to the U.S. NHTSA. A significant percentage of traffic accidents can be attributed to drowsy driving. It is therefore imperative that an efficient technique is designed and implemented to detect drowsiness as soon as the driver feels drowsy and to alert and wake up the driver and thereby preventing accidents. The authors apply machine learning to detect eye closures along with yawning of a driver to optimize the system. This paper also implements DSRC to connect vehicles and create an ad hoc vehicular network on the road. When the system detects that a driver is drowsy, drivers of other nearby vehicles are alerted.

Surveillance on-the-road: Vehicular tracking and reporting by V2V communications

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien-Wu Chen ◽  
Yu-Chee Tseng ◽  
Kun-Ze Syue
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communications ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicular Tracking

Wireless Networks for Vehicular Support

2011 ◽  
pp. 4135-4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Manzoni ◽  
Carlos T. Calafate ◽  
Juan-Carlos Cano ◽  
Antonio Skarmeta ◽  
Vittoria Gianuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Road ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) is an area under intensive research that promises to improve security on the road by developing an intelligent transport system (ITS). The main purpose is to create an inter-communication network among vehicles, as well as between vehicles and the supporting infrastructure. The system pretends to offer drivers data concerning other nearby vehicles, especially those within sight. The problem of information sharing among vehicles and between the vehicle and the infrastructure is another critical aspect. A general communication infrastructure is required for the notification, storage, management, and provision of context-aware information about user travel. Ideally an integrated vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication paradigm enriched with an information management system would solve the problem. The infrastructure should manage all the collected safety events garnered from vehicles and the interesting information to be provided to the user, which is adapted to the car context and driver preferences. Finally, security issues should be considered. Since the information conveyed over a vehicular network may affect critical decisions, fail-safe security is a necessity. The first directive for any V2V communication scheme is, therefore, that every safety message must be authenticated. Because of the high speed and therefore short duration within which communication between two cars is possible, communication must be non-interactive, and message overhead must be very low. The urgency of safety messages implies that authentication must be instantaneous without additional communication. Moreover, providing strong security in vehicular networks raises important privacy concerns that must also be considered. Safety messages include data that is dangerous to the personal privacy of vehicle owners. Most relevant is the danger of tracking a vehicle through positional information. A set of security basics to address these challenges should be proposed that can be used as the building blocks of secure applications. In this article we will focus on the aforementioned technologies and engineering issues related to vehicular ad-hoc networks, emphasizing the challenges that must be overcome to accomplish the desired vehicular safety infrastructure.

scholarly journals Efficient Maintenance of AODV Routes in the Vehicular Communication Environment with Sparsely Placed Road Side Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhyuk Cho ◽  
Sanghyun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
The Road ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Routing Mechanism ◽  
V2v Communications ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Road Side Units ◽  
Route Recovery

Thanks to the vehicular communication network, vehicles on the road can communicate with other vehicles or nodes in the global Internet. In this study, we propose an enhanced routing mechanism based on AODV so that road side units (RSUs) can provide continuous services such as video streaming services to vehicles which may be intermittently located outside of the coverage areas of RSUs. In the highway environment with sparsely placed RSUs, the communications between RSUs and vehicles are frequently disconnected due to high vehicular speeds. To resolve this problem, both V2I and V2V communications are utilized. In order to reduce the route recovery time and the number of route failures in the sparsely placed RSU environment, backup routes are established through the vehicles with longer direct communication duration with the RSU. The backup route substitutes the main route upon route disconnection. Also, for the efficient handover to the next RSU, the route shortening mechanism is proposed. For the performance evaluation of the proposed mechanism, we carried out the NS-3-based simulations.

Automating lane changes and collision avoidance on highways via distributed agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057
Author(s):  
Fabio Molinari ◽  
Aaron Grapentin ◽  
Alexandros Charalampidis ◽  
Jörg Raisch
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Optimal Trajectory ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
On The Road

Abstract This work presents a distributed hierarchical control strategy for fleets of autonomous vehicles cruising on a highway with diverse desired speeds. The goal is to design a control scheme that can be employed in scenarios where only vehicle-to-vehicle communication is available and where vehicles need to negotiate and agree on their positions on the road. To this end, after reaching an agreement on the lane speed with other traffic participants, each vehicle decides whether to keep cruising along the current lane or to move into another one. In the latter case, it negotiates the entry point with others by taking part in a distributed auction. An onboard controller computes an optimal trajectory transferring the vehicle with agreed velocity to the desired lane while avoiding collisions.

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