scholarly journals Mineral Biofortification of Vegetables as a Tool to Improve Human Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Camila Vanessa Buturi ◽  
Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽  
Vincenzo Fogliano ◽  
Cherubino Leonardi ◽  
Francesco Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Application Protocols ◽  
Broad Approach

Vegetables represent pillars of good nutrition since they provide important phytochemicals such as fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, as well as minerals. Biofortification proposes a promising strategy to increase the content of specific compounds. As minerals have important functionalities in the human metabolism, the possibility of enriching fresh consumed products, such as many vegetables, adopting specific agronomic approaches, has been considered. This review discusses the most recent findings on agronomic biofortification of vegetables, aimed at increasing in the edible portions the content of important minerals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si). The focus was on selenium and iodine biofortification thus far, while for the other mineral elements, aspects related to vegetable typology, genotypes, chemical form, and application protocols are far from being well defined. Even if agronomic fortification is considered an easy to apply technique, the approach is complex considering several interactions occurring at crop level, as well as the bioavailability of different minerals for the consumer. Considering the latter, only few studies examined in a broad approach both the definition of biofortification protocols and the quantification of bioavailable fraction of the element.

Wolfgang and Petra Lubitz, eds., Trotsky Bibliography: An International Classified List of Publications about Leon Trotsky and Trotskyism 1905–1998. Third completely revised and enlarged edition. Vols. 1–2. Munich: K. G. Saur, 1999. 840 pp. DM 368 cloth.

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Gerd Callesen
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Leon Trotsky ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Value ◽  
Broad Approach

This bibliography is quite an impressive effort. It is extensive, thorough, structurally sound, and contains excellent indexes. In short, it is a truly useful tool for anyone who, for scholarly or political reasons, takes an interest in Trotsky and Trotskyism. Of course, the definition of Trotskyism is somewhat blurred; too many people have used the concept subjectively, either with positive or negative connotations, for it to signify anything unambiguous. The Lubitzes have done their utmost to remedy this state of affairs by disregarding sectarian restraints and by choosing a broad approach to the subject; they have even gone to the extreme of including some anti-Trotskyist effusions of no real scholarly or current political value.

scholarly journals Definition of actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Turhut Salayev
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
General Information ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Approach

The article deals with scientific and theoretical understanding and the provision of the definition of the category "actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area". The author has disclosed and analyzed the provisions of the administrative and legal doctrine of the above questio, besides, the problematic issues of the definition of "subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere" are identified, andthe necessity of distinguishing this concept from other related concepts and categories is defined. Disclosing issues of actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the cus-toms sphere, it is necessary to avoid substitution of concepts and clearly understand the difference between the concepts of "institutional mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in customs" and "state mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere "from the concept of" subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere ". After all, the concept that is the subject of our study, of all the above, has the most comprehensive and broad scope and meaning. That is why, disclosing a set of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere, it is advisable to apply a broad approach to understanding this category, given that among such subjects must be considered non-state subjects. objects - local governments, public organizations, etc. Because without their activities such a list will not be complete, and the mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere will not be such that covers all possible spheres of public life and methods of information security. The current general information and administrative legislation, as well as special legislation gov-erning the procedure of customs, is considered in order to more clearly disclose the features and legal status of the actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area. Each of these entities plays an appropriate role and occupies the necessary place in the system of national security of Ukraine, information security of Ukraine in general and information security in the customs area in particular. This role can be described as the implementation of general control over information security in the customs area, as well as taking measures to respond to violations of information legislation and the emergence of threats to information in the customs area within the powers defined by law. At the same time, the administrative and legal provision of information security is carried out directly by the customs authorities.

Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs: Implications for the human diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sahlin ◽  
J. D. House
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs provides an opportunity to increase the levels of key nutrients-especially those deemed to be at marginal or insufficient levels-in the human diet for optimal health and well-being. In general, enhancement efforts have focussed on developing feeding strategies to achieve optimal vitamin levels in meat and eggs. The definition of an optimal strategy is influenced by factors such as: (1) the efficiency of vitamin transfer into the final product, (2) the impact on animal performance or health, (3) the impact on the quality characteristics of the final product and (4) economic considerations. Vitamins are an extremely diverse class of nutrients in terms of their chemical and physical properties. Each vitamin differs with respect to stability during processing, susceptibility to bioconversion within the intestinal tract, digestibility, transport and storage in tissues. It follows that the development of vitamin-enriched meat and eggs will be highly dependent on the interaction of multiple factors. Ultimately, the success of such strategies must be judged against the contributions that the enriched products make to the human diet in terms of vitamin intake and consumer acceptance of the products. Key words: Meat, eggs, vitamin enhancement, bioavailability, dietary reference intakes

scholarly journals Basic Choices in Considering Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Michael P. Devereux ◽  
Alan J. Auerbach ◽  
Michael Keen ◽  
Paul Oosterhuis ◽  
Wolfgang Schön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Existing Structure ◽  
Broad Approach ◽  
New System

In this chapter we explain the broad approach taken in the two detailed proposals set out in Chapters 6 and 7, namely the RPAI and DBCFT respectively. We discuss the extent to which international coordination would be required, or desired. We then consider the costs of transition to a new system. In broad terms, we can compare incremental reforms which are based on the existing structure, with more fundamental reforms that more radically change that fundamental structure. We also discuss what should be required in terms of revenue requirements, and the likely redistribution of revenues among countries. We then discuss two issues which are common to the two options: the scope of the tax and the concept and definition of destination.

Place of transfer pricing in the tax system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Kotenko ◽  
Mykola Mishyn
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Arm’S Length Principle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Problem Setting ◽  
Broad Approach

Problem setting. The approach proposed by the legislator to the definition of the tax system as a set of national and local taxes and fees in the procedure established by the TC of Ukraine, constitutes the tax system of Ukraine (para. 6.3 of Article 6 of the TC of Ukraine), raises the question of the place of transfer pricing in the tax system. If you approach the tax system as a set of taxes and fees, the transfer pricing is actually excluded from the tax system. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Among the scientists involved in the research of the tax system, it is possible to distinguish M. Kucheryavenko, D. Getmantsev, N. Pryshva, O. Barin and others. Some problems of legal regulation of transfer pricing were dealt with by M. Mishin, M. Bondarenko, K. Broyakov and others. The target of the research is to analyze and determine the place of transfer pricing in the tax system. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to determining the place of transfer pricing in the tax system. We propose our own view on the tax system. It is stated that a broad approach to understanding the tax system excludes contradictions laid down in para. 6.3 of Article 6 of the TC of Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Transfer pricing involves the application of special methods for determining the compliance of the conditions of the controlled transaction with a certain criterion – the “arm’s length” principle, drawing up and submitting reports, exercising control and bringing to responsibility for violation of transfer pricing requirements. The legislative approach to the content of the tax system as an aggregate of taxes and fees actually excludes transfer pricing from the tax system. Instead, our proposed broad approach eliminates such contradiction.

scholarly journals Towards a Single and Comprehensive Notion of ‘Civilian Population’ in Crimes against Humanity

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Ana Alija Fernández ◽  
Jaume Saura Estapà
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Approach

Although an essential element of the definition of crimes against humanity is that a civilian population be targeted, there is no agreement on what ‘civilian population’ means in this context. The notion has been given different meanings depending on whether the crimes are committed in times of conflict or peacetime. In times of conflict, preference is given to a broad approach based on international humanitarian law. More problematic is the attribution of a specific content to the notion in peacetime, where even discrimination has been suggested as a defining criterion. In this article we contend that a single notion of civilian population in crimes against humanity applicable in every circumstance is needed. Hence, we suggest determining the civilian population on the basis of the rules on State responsibility in international human rights law and general international law in order to exclude those endowed with public authority from the civilian population.

scholarly journals Peanut as a Smart Food and their Nutrients Aspects in Planet: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
V.E. Nethaji Mariappan ◽  
D. Keisar Lourdusamy ◽  
C.R. Chinnamuthu ◽  
S. Swetha
Keyword(s):  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Family ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Health

Peanut is a legume crop that belongs to the family of Fabaceae, genus Arachis, and botanically named as Arachis hypogaea L. Peanuts are considered as a vital source of nutrients plays an important role in growth and energy gain of living organisms. They are rich in calories and contain many nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that are essential for optimum health. All these biomolecules are essential for pumping vital nutrients into the human body for sustaining normal health. This paper presents an overview of the peanut composition in terms of the constituent biomolecules and their biological functions, also discusses about the relationship between consumption of peanuts and their effect on human metabolism and physiology. It highlights the usefulness of considering peanuts as an essential component in human diet considering its nutritional values. 

scholarly journals Cambios ambientales en los últimos 1800 años en el manglar de Neguanje, Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yennifer García-M ◽  
Jesus Orlando Rangel ◽  
Alexis Jaramillo-J
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Palynological Spectrum ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

We reconstructed changes in vegetation and climate conditions during the last 1800 years in a column of sediment 4 m deep (Playa Pozo sector, Neguanje Bay, Tayrona National Natural Park, department of Magdalena, Colombia). We characterized the main components (mineral elements, organic matter), micro-stratigraphy (types of organic matter), humidity variations (%), organic and inorganic carbon, and palynological associations (specifically pollen grains), and counted spores of fungi, algae, ferns, plant debris, and insects. The palynological associations (dominant elements) were defined and related to the current types of vegetation. The definition of the dominant groups in the palynological spectrum and their relationship with the current vegetation types was associated with the stratigraphic conditions of the sediments to detect the changes that occurred during this period. In the reconstruction of the paleoenvironments, we determined the relationship between the defined palynological associations and the stratigraphy of the sediments, the humidity (precipitation), and the covered area. For this purpose, we used the temperature calibration curves of the last 2000 years proposed by various authors. We did not recover enough palynomorphs at the base of the column between 400 and 380 cm deep (2000-1693 years BP), but organic components of marine origin predominated in the sediment, a condition associated with a warm period in the central and eastern Colombian Caribbean coastal environments. In zone I (1693-1294 years B.P.), the mangrove was consolidated and in zone II (1294-1078 years A.P.), it expanded with the vegetation of flooded areas. In zone III (1078-654 years B.P.), we detected the occurrence of the greatest mangrove development, especially by the dominant species Rhizophora mangle. In zones IV and V (654 years A.P.-present), the mangrove cover decreased. This period was less warm than the previous ones, similar to the prevailing conditions in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and its surroundings.

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF AYURVEDIC DRUGS (BHASMAS) BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER

2019 ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
ASHWINI A ◽  
KERUR BR
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Objective: Ayurvedic drugs/bhasmas are very potent and promising drugs for the treatment of various ailments. Bhasmas are the multielement samples, and the present work deals the analysis of the concentration of metallic elements in three ayurvedic bhasmas of four different brands, to compare and know the quality of commercial bhasma in market. Methods: Commercially available abhraka bhasma (AB), mandoor bhasma (MB), and godanti bhasma (GB) in market from four different manufacturing companies were procured, and bhasma sample solution was prepared to analyze the elemental concentrations in bhasma; the solution is subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) technique and determined elemental concentration in bhasmas of four different commercial brands. Results: FAAS analysis explores the presence of Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Cd elements’ concentration in three bhasmas/drugs by four manufacturers. AB is rich in Al and Fe following the other elements in low concentrations, MB is rich in Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, K, and Al and other elements are present in less quantity, and GB is rich in Ca and all other elements were very less in quantity. Conclusion: FAAS analysis showed that there is a difference in quantity/concentration of elements present in bhasma, aluminum (Al) is found high in Patanjali brand bhasmas compared to other three brands, and the toxic metal cadmium (Cd) is found in Dhootapapeshwar mandoor bhasma (DMB) (0.0458 mg/l), except DMB, all bhasmas found free from toxic metals, which reveal that there is a variation in quality of bhasmas from different manufacturers, and the elements present in bhasmas are found to be in permissible range for human intakes. As the mineral elements are essential in human diet, if the amount of any elements becomes too high in body, then it can affect the functioning of other important minerals in body causing the severe health problems, so it is must, to balance all nutrients in human diet, either through food or medicines. Hence, the present analysis work focuses on the variation of concentrations of elements present in bhasma of different manufacturers, which will help in practitioners to compare and refer good quality bhasmas or drugs in terms of their ingredients/elements, which plays a major role in functioning of human body normally. Further work is necessary to carry out on bhasmas and ayurvedic formulations in order to get good of diet supplementation.

scholarly journals Managing the Nutrition of Plants and People

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. White ◽  
Martin R. Broadley ◽  
Peter J. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of

One definition of food security is having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. This paper highlights the role of plant mineral nutrition in food production, delivering of essential mineral elements to the human diet, and preventing harmful mineral elements entering the food chain. To maximise crop production, the gap between actual and potential yield must be addressed. This gap is 15–95% of potential yield, depending on the crop and agricultural system. Current research in plant mineral nutrition aims to develop appropriate agronomy and improved genotypes, for both infertile and productive soils, that allow inorganic and organic fertilisers to be utilised more efficiently. Mineral malnutrition affects two-thirds of the world's population. It can be addressed by the application of fertilisers, soil amelioration, and the development of genotypes that accumulate greater concentrations of mineral elements lacking in human diets in their edible tissues. Excessive concentrations of harmful mineral elements also compromise crop production and human health. To reduce the entry of these elements into the food chain, strict quality requirements for fertilisers might be enforced, agronomic strategies employed to reduce their phytoavailability, and crop genotypes developed that do not accumulate high concentrations of these elements in edible tissues.

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