scholarly journals Effect of Soil Management and Training System on Negroamaro Wine Aroma

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Antonio Coletta ◽  
Aline Theodoro Toci ◽  
Sandra Pati ◽  
Giuseppe Ferrara ◽  
Francesco Grieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Training System ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This study aimed to assess the impact of two soil managements and training systems on yield and wine aroma compounds of Negroamaro variety grown in a warm climate region (southern Italy). Cover crop (CC) and soil tillage (ST) as soil management, whilst bilateral Guyot (BG) and monolateral Guyot (MG) as training systems were compared. Free and bound volatile fractions were evaluated by GC-MS. ST and CC as well as BG and MG significantly affected yield parameters. In particular, yield was higher in ST and BG than in CC and MG, respectively; moreover, it was found to be positively influenced by interaction between BG and ST. Regarding aroma compounds, significant interactions between soil management and training system factors were observed. In case of free volatiles, the most positive interaction was found between BG and ST, whereas, for bound volatiles, the best interaction was represented by MG with both soil tillage and cover crop. Vine leaf area and development over vine growth stages along with water stress levels played an important role in determining the aroma profile as well as yield parameters. In conclusion, the training system significantly interacted with soil management and affected most of important aroma compounds in Negroamaro wine.

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Structure of Bacterial Communities Within Alpine Vineyards: Trentino as a Case Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Guzzon ◽  
Daniela Bertoldi ◽  
Tomas Roman ◽  
Roberto Zanzotti ◽  
Elena Franciosi
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Training System ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

AbstractBacteria have a fundamental role in determining the fitness of grapevine, the composition of grapes and the features of wines but at present, little information is available. In this work, the bacteria colonizing the different portions of grapevine (bark, leaves and grapes) were explored in the vineyards of the Alpine region of Trentino, considering the impact of different environmental and agronomical variables. The vineyards included in the work were selected based on their different geographical positions (altitude) and grapevine training systems in order to explore the whole variability of the grapevine ecosystem. Moreover, the surface amount of copper was measured on grapes and leaves during the vegetative growth. Bacterial analysis, performed using plate counts and Illumina MiSeq, revealed an increase in the concentration of grape bacteria proportional to the progress of the ripening stage. Conversely, the peak of bacterial concentration onto leaf and bark samples occurred in August, probably due to the more favourable environmental conditions. In bark samples, the bacterial microbiota reached the 7 log CFU/cm2, while 6 log UFC/g were measured in grape samples. A remarkable biodiversity was observed, with 13 phyla, 35 classes, 55 orders, 78 families and 95 genera of bacteria present. The presence of some taxa (Alphaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostriadiales, Oscillospira, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales) was ubiquitous in all vineyards, but differences in terms of relative abundance were observed according to the vegetative stage, altitude of the vineyard and training system. Bacteria having oenological implication (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus) were detected in grape samples collected in August, in low abundance. The data revealed a complex bacterial ecosystem inside the vineyard that, while maintaining common traits, evolves according to environmental and agronomical inputs. This study contributes to define the role of bacteria in the complex balance established in each vineyard between human actions and agricultural environment, known as terroir.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Endre Szabó ◽  
Katinka Bajkai-Tóth ◽  
Ildikó Rudnák ◽  
Róbert Magda
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Training System ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

In the course of the research, we examined the impact of the selection and training system of a Hungarian automotive company on organizational performance, which together ensure the future development of the company. It contributes to the optimization of sales, purchasing and logistics processes, ensures customer satisfaction and the success of the company. In this fast-paced and globalized world, it is essential for companies to be aware that one of the most important factors of production is human resources themselves, whose proper selection and training are a key element in maintaining and developing economic competitiveness. Human resources play the biggest role in the operation of an economic organization. Process quality and process orientation reduce costs, increase profitability, and improve processes to always meet growing requirements. This is the basis of the quality strategy. Therefore, it consistently applies preventive quality assurance methods, learns from failures, eliminates the causes of mistakes without delays and transfers its experience to all areas of the company for preventive action. It is customer-oriented and strives for excellence in all areas, and thus makes it an obligation for everyone to aim for the highest level of customer service. Due to the special peculiarities and characteristics of the labor force, it cannot be compared to any of the production resources. Taking this as a basis, the human resource management used to be more of a functional purpose, while in recent decades human factors have become an essential source of competitiveness. The market operation and performance of an organization depends significantly on how we can select the most suitable workforce. We need to see what the strategic points that determine the role of HR are, and we are also looking for the answer in which direction the needs, expectations and professionalism given by the generational difference move the activities of human resources. The aim of the research is to get an answer to how the employees of one of the leading Hungarian players in the automotive industry perceive the importance of the selection and training of the workforce in maintaining and improving competitiveness. To this end, we used a semi-structured interview, with the help of which we evaluated the current selection and training processes in the light of competitiveness and made suggestions for the improvement and refinement of these processes.

scholarly journals Pembangunan dan Pelatihan Sistem Pendidikan Guna Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Relawan pada PMI Kota Tangerang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Euis Sitinur Aisyah ◽  
Ratna Nur Aulia ◽  
Ridhoi Ahmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modelling Language ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
And Training

<p><em>Abstrak - <strong>Sistem pendidikan dan pelatihan pada PMI Kota Tangerang yang berjalan saat ini masih semi komputerisasi. Pengetesan dan penilaian materi masih manual sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan input nilai peserta, memerlukan proses dan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mengetahui kelulusan peserta diklat yang mengakibatkan terlambatnya laporan panitia kepada Kadiv SDM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Metode analisis menggunakan metode analisis PIECES. Pemodelan sistem dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) untuk menggambarkan secara visualisasi, yang selanjutnya diimplementasikan dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan basis data MySQL-Server sebagai database. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem aplikasi diklat relawan PMI berbasis web yang terdatabase untuk membantu dalam hal pengelolaan data mulai dari pendaftaran, pemberian materi, keadiran, pengetesan, dan penilaian.</strong></em></p><p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>The education and training system at the PMI Kota Tangerang that is currently running is still semi-computerized. The testing and evaluation of material are still manual so that there are often input errors in the participants' scores, it requires a long process and time to find out the graduation of the training participants which results in the delay of the committee's report to the Head of HR Division. The research method used consisted of interviews, observation, and literature study. The analytical method uses the PIECES analysis method. Modeling the system using Unified Modeling Language (UML) to visualize, which is then implemented with the PHP programming language with the MySQL-Server database as a database. The results obtained from this study are a web-based PMI volunteer education and training system database that is assisted regarding data management ranging from registration, material delivery, presence, testing, and assessment.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords - </em></strong><em>Education and Training, Systems, Volunteers</em></p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Maciej Chowaniak ◽  
Naim Rashidov ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Florian Gambuś ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Training System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Northern Tajikistan creates favorable conditions for growing grapes due to its climate. The choice of method of grape production to ensure a high-quality yield, while reducing the negative effects of such production on the environment, poses a serious challenge to implementation regarding the principles of sustainable production. In addition to the essential techniques associated with grapevine production, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, a training system plays a significant role. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental efficiency of vineyard training systems in northern Tajikistan. The indicators accepted for the evaluation process were the vegetative growth of plants, yield, and environmental pressure of production expressed by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The single-factor experiment was conducted in Ghafurov District, and the following training systems were used: (A) multi-arm fan; (B) Umbrella Kniffin; (C) one-side multi-arm, paired planting. Growth parameters, yield, yield quality, and GHG emissions were evaluated. The cultivation of grapes in training system “C” resulted in higher values of parameters such as Practical Bud Fertility coefficient and fruiting shoots pcs and higher yields. The training systems were ranked according to GHG emissions per yield unit in the following order, from lower to higher emissions: C < B < A.

scholarly journals Estimating the Soil Hydraulic Functions of Some Olive Orchards: Soil Management Implications for Water Saving in Soils of Salento Peninsula (Southern Italy)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Anna Maria Stellacci ◽  
Marcello Mastrangelo ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Luisa Maria Manici
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relative Field ◽  
The Impact

Saving water resources in agriculture is a topic of current research in Mediterranean environments, and rational soil management can allow such purposes. The Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) procedure was applied in five olive orchards of Salento peninsula (southern Italy) to estimate the soil physical and hydraulic properties under alternative soil management (i.e., no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT)), and to quantify the impact of soil management on soil water conservation. Results highlighted the soundness of BEST predictions since they provided consistent results in terms of soil functions or capacitive-based soil indicators when (i) the entire data set was grouped by homogeneous classes of texture, bulk density, and capillarity of the soil, (ii) the predictions were compared with the corresponding water retention measures independently obtained in lab, and (iii) some correlations of literature were checked. BEST was applied to establish a comparison at Neviano (NE) and Sternatia (ST) sites. The two neighboring NT soils compared at NE showed substantial discrepancies in soil texture (i.e., sandy loam (NE-SL) or clay (NE-C)). This marked difference in soil texture could determine a worsening of the relative field capacity at the NE-SL site (relative field capacity, RFC < 0.6), as compared to NE-C where RFC was optimal. The current soil management determined a similar effect (RFC < 0.6) at Sternatia (ST-MT vs. ST-NT), but the worsening in soil properties, due to soil tillage, must be considered substantially transient, as progressive improvement is expected with the restoration of the soil structure. The results of this work suggest that strategic MT can be a viable solution to manage the soil of Salento olive orchards.

scholarly journals New Zealand’s 1989 skill ecosystem reform: preparations, implementation, outputs and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
javier alfonso luque gianella
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Education Act ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Shocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

<p>This thesis assesses the impact of the 1989 skill ecosystem reform, whereby New Zealand initiated a comprehensive reform of its skill ecosystem. The reforms radically transformed the education and training system and were driven primarily by the approval of the Education Act 1989 and the Industry Training Act 1992 and their amendments. For this thesis, the reform ended in 2020 with the approval of the Education and Training Act 2020. The reforms were part of a broader political transformation in New Zealand that ended up embarking on market policies to increase its productivity. Education and training were identified as a necessary condition to achieve that goal. New Zealand’s skill ecosystem has its foundations in the strong system built in the country since the arrival of the first settlers, but that had slowed its dynamism in the 1970s, with enrollment rates lagging behind comparable countries and concerns about the ability of the skill ecosystem to respond to current and future skill needs. The reform decentralized the education system at the primary / secondary and post-secondary levels but created an institution, the New Zealand Qualification Authority (NZQA) that should allow students and trainees a seamless navigation across it. The reform had a strong involvement of the private sector. To evaluate the impact of the reform, the thesis faces several challenges: there is no adequate counterfactual, the design is continually changing, and the country experienced a series of international shocks during its implementation. To address these challenges, the thesis presents a comprehensive set of indicators to evaluate the reform's outputs and outcomes at different levels. In terms of outputs, which include the reform, enrollment in education and training, participation rates increased. In terms of outcomes, which include indirect and behavioural changes, the measures are mixed. At the end of the reform, the ease of finding high-level skills in New Zealand is similar to its long-term trend despite the more sophisticated economic structure, albeit with significant differences by firm size and industries. And the ease is lower than in comparison countries, raising questions about whether that level could change given the small size and remoteness of New Zealand's economy.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Structure of Bacterial Communities Within Alpine Vineyards: Trentino as a Case Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Guzzon ◽  
Daniela Bertoldi ◽  
Tomas Roman ◽  
Roberto Zanzotti ◽  
Elena Franciosi
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Training System ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Microbiological Assays ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bacterial microbiota has a fundamental role in determining the fitness of a grapevine, the composition of grapes and the features of wines but, at present, little information is available. In this work, the bacterial microbiota that colonizes the different portions of a grapevine (bark, leaves and grapes) was explored in the vineyards of the Alpine region of Trentino, considering the impact of different environmental and agronomical variables. The six vineyards included in the work were identified considering different geographical positions, vine training systems and agronomical approaches, to explore the whole variability of the vine ecosystem. Moreover, the surface amount of copper was measured on grapes and leaves during the vegetative growth, to test its relation with microbiota development. Microbiological assays, performed using plate counts and Illumina MiSeq, started in May until October revealing an increase in the concentration of grape microbiota proportional to the ripening. Conversely, the peak of bacterial concentration onto leaves and bark occurred in August, probably due to the more favorable environmental conditions. In bark samples, the microbiota reached the 7 log UFC/cm2, while 6 log UFC/g were measured in grape samples. A remarkable biodiversity was observed, with 47 genera/species of bacteria present. The presence of the main microbial groups (Alphaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostriadiales, Oscillospira, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales) was ubiquitous in vineyards, but differences in terms of relative abundance were observed according to the period, altitude of vineyard and training system. Bacteria having oenological implication (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus) were detected only in grape samples collected in August. The data revealed a complex bacterial ecosystem inside the vineyard that, while maintaining common traits, evolves according to environmental and agronomical inputs. This study contributes to define the role of bacteria in the complex balance established in each vineyard between human actions and agricultural environment, known as terroir.

Information Technology and the Performance of Higher Education and Training Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-408
Author(s):  
Hadj Benyahia
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
University System ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
And Training

This study shows that the enrolment rate for the Canadian university system, at 56%, is one of the highest among the member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This good quantitative performance, however, is not accompanied by a similar qualitative performance in science graduation: only 25% of all university graduates are science graduates – a proportion below that observed in traditional areas (the humanities and social sciences). For computer science graduates, the share is still only 4% in all OECD countries – a paradoxically low proportion in these highly computerized countries. For the Canadian continuing training system, the weakness observable in the quantitative performance (participation rate) is accompanied by a qualitative weakness – the annual average training hours per employee is half the OECD average (31 hours against 64). To reduce the performance gaps between the higher education and training systems, measures are presented which would improve the integration of the two systems. These interventions are considered from the perspective of universities, companies and government.

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