scholarly journals The Epic of In Vitro Meat Production—A Fiction into Reality

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Wenchao Liu ◽  
Karthika Pushparaj ◽  
Sungkwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
In Vitro Meat ◽  
Pivotal Study ◽  
Computer Fluid Dynamics

Due to a proportionally increasing population and food demands, the food industry has come up with wide innovations, opportunities, and possibilities to manufacture meat under in vitro conditions. The amalgamation of cell culture and tissue engineering has been the base idea for the development of the synthetic meat, and this has been proposed to be a pivotal study for a futuristic muscle development program in the medical field. With improved microbial and chemical advancements, in vitro meat matched the conventional meat and is proposed to be eco-friendly, healthy, nutrient rich, and ethical. Despite the success, there are several challenges associated with the utilization of materials in synthetic meat manufacture, which demands regulatory and safety assessment systems to manage the risks associated with the production of cultured meat. The role of 3D bioprinting meat analogues enables a better nutritional profile and sensorial values. The integration of nanosensors in the bioprocess of culture meat eased the quality assessment throughout the food supply chain and management. Multidisciplinary approaches such as mathematical modelling, computer fluid dynamics, and biophotonics coupled with tissue engineering will be promising aspects to envisage the future prospective of this technology and make it available to the public at economically feasible rates.

On visions and promises — ethical aspects of in vitro meat

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758
Author(s):  
Silvia Woll
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
In Vitro Meat ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Production Conditions

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.

Myogenesis in paraxial mesoderm: preferential induction by dorsal neural tube and by cells expressing Wnt-1

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 3675-3686 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Stern ◽  
A.M. Brown ◽  
S.D. Hauschka
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Myogenic Response ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Ventral Neural Tube ◽  
Myogenic Induction ◽  
Inductive Activity

Previous studies have demonstrated that the neural tube/notochord complex is required for skeletal muscle development within somites. In order to explore the localization of myogenic inducing signals within the neural tube, dorsal or ventral neural tube halves were cultured in contact with single somites or pieces of segmental plate mesoderm. Somites and segmental plates cultured with the dorsal half of the neural tube exhibited 70% and 85% myogenic response rates, as determined by immunostaining for myosin heavy chain. This response was slightly lower than the 100% response to whole neural tube/notochord, but was much greater than the 30% and 10% myogenic response to ventral neural tube with and without notochord. These results demonstrate that the dorsal neural tube emits a potent myogenic inducing signal which accounts for most of the inductive activity of whole neural tube/notochord. However, a role for ventral neural tube/notochord in somite myogenic induction was clearly evident from the larger number of myogenic cells induced when both dorsal neural tube and ventral neural tube/notochord were present. To address the role of a specific dorsal neural tube factor in somite myogenic induction, we tested the ability of Wnt-1-expressing fibroblasts to promote paraxial mesoderm myogenesis in vitro. We found that cells expressing Wnt-1 induced a small number of somite and segmental plate cells to undergo myogenesis. This finding is consistent with the localized dorsal neural tube inductive activity described above, but since the ventral neural tube/notochord also possesses myogenic inductive capacity yet does not express Wnt-1, additional inductive factors are likely involved.

scholarly journals In vitro meat production system: why and how?

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 7599-7607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Sukhcharanjit Singh Thind ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
In Vitro Meat

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsation Stress Promotes the Angiogenesis of Tissue-Engineered Laminae

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Linli Li ◽  
Yiqun He ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
Haofei Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Fluid Pulsation ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background. Angiogenesis is a prerequisite step to achieve the success of bone regeneration by tissue engineering technology. Previous studies have shown the role of cerebrospinal fluid pulsation (CSFP) stress in the reconstruction of tissue-engineered laminae. In this study, we investigated the role of CSFP stress in the angiogenesis of tissue-engineered laminae. Methods. For the in vitro study, a CSFP bioreactor was used to investigate the impact of CSFP stress on the osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For the in vivo study, forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the CSFP group and the Non-CSFP group. Tissue-engineered laminae (TEL) was made by hydroxyapatite-collagen I scaffold and osteogenic MSCs and then implanted into the lamina defect in the two groups. The angiogenic and osteogenic abilities of newborn laminae were examined with histological staining, qRT-PCR, and radiological analysis. Results. The in vitro study showed that CSFP stress could promote the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression levels of osteogenic MSCs. In the animal study, the expression levels of angiogenic markers in the CSFP group were higher than those in the Non-CSFP group; moreover, in the CSFP group, their expression levels on the dura mater surface, which are closer to the CSFP stress stimulation, were also higher than those on the paraspinal muscle surface. The expression levels of osteogenic markers in the CSFP group were also higher than those in the Non-CSFP group. Conclusion. CSFP stress could promote the angiogenic ability of osteogenic MSCs and thus promote the angiogenesis of tissue-engineered laminae. The pretreatment of osteogenic MSC with a CSFP bioreactor may have important implications for vertebral lamina reconstruction with a tissue engineering technique.

scholarly journals 10th Anniversary of a Two-Stage Design in Bioequivalence. Why Has it Still Not Been Implemented?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kaza ◽  
Alexander Sokolovskyi ◽  
Piotr J. Rudzki
Keyword(s):  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pivotal Study ◽  
Two Stage Design

Abstract Purpose In 2010 the European Medicines Agency allowed a two-stage design in bioequivalence studies. However, in the public domain there are mainly articles describing the theoretical and statistical base for the application of the two-stage design. One of the reasons seems to be the lack of practical guidance for the Sponsors on when and how the two-stage design can be beneficial in bioequivalence studies. Methods Different variants with positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated, including a pivotal study, pilot + pivotal study and two-stage study. The scientific perspective on the two-stage bioequivalence study has been confronted with the industrial one. Results Key information needed to conduct a bioequivalence study – such as in vitro data and pharmacokinetics – have been listed and organized into a decision scheme. Advantages and disadvantages of the two-stage design have been summarized. Conclusion The use of the two-stage design in bioequivalence studies seems to be a beneficial alternative to the 2 × 2 crossover study. Basic information on the properties of the active substance and the characteristics of the drug form are needed to make an initial decision to carry out the two-stage study.

scholarly journals The LIM-only protein FHL2 interacts with β-catenin and promotes differentiation of mouse myoblasts

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Martin ◽  
Richard Schneider ◽  
Stefanie Janetzky ◽  
Zoe Waibler ◽  
Petra Pandur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Lim Domains ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Specific Proteins

FHL2 is a LIM-domain protein expressed in myoblasts but down-regulated in malignant rhabdomyosarcoma cells, suggesting an important role of FHL2 in muscle development. To investigate the importance of FHL2 during myoblast differentiation, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using a cDNA library derived from myoblasts induced for differentiation. We identified β-catenin as a novel interaction partner of FHL2 and confirmed the specificity of association by direct in vitro binding tests and coimmunoprecipitation assays from cell lysates. Deletion analysis of both proteins revealed that the NH2-terminal part of β-catenin is sufficient for binding in yeast, but addition of the first armadillo repeat is necessary for binding FHL2 in mammalian cells, whereas the presence of all four LIM domains of FHL2 is needed for the interaction. Expression of FHL2 counteracts β-catenin–mediated activation of a TCF/LEF-dependent reporter gene in a dose-dependent and muscle cell–specific manner. After injection into Xenopus embryos, FHL2 inhibited the β-catenin–induced axis duplication. C2C12 mouse myoblasts stably expressing FHL2 show increased myogenic differentiation reflected by accelerated myotube formation and expression of muscle-specific proteins. These data imply that FHL2 is a muscle-specific repressor of LEF/TCF target genes and promotes myogenic differentiation by interacting with β-catenin.

A novel approach for in vitro meat production

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (13) ◽  
pp. 5391-5395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthuraman Pandurangan ◽  
Doo Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meat Production ◽  
In Vitro Meat ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Rural tourism and sustainable rural development opportunities in apulia region (southern italy)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatello Caruso ◽  
Albert-Pol Miró
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Public Aid

The purpose of this study is to investigate the public aid role in to multifunctional farms in developing the rural tourism, and the implementation in non-agricultural activities in the Puglia region. Concretely, by referring to the Rural Development Program 2007/2013, this paper offers an analysis to verify whether there is a solid support for public aid in agrotourism using a farm level data. After a policies and literature review on the role of the Local Action Groups (LAGs) for enhancing economic and sustainable competitiveness of rural areas, we present our case study. Statistical analysis and a tree classification method are carried out.

scholarly journals GPR87 Promotes Metastasis through the AKT-eNOS-NO Axis in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Hye-Mi Ahn ◽  
Eun-Young Choi ◽  
Youn-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Tcga Dataset ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Despite the availability of advanced anticancer drugs for lung cancer treatment, the prognosis of patients still remains poor. There is a need to explore novel oncogenic mechanisms to overcome these therapeutic limitations. The functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to evaluate the role of GPR87 expression on lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. The public lung adenocarcinoma TCGA dataset was used to determine the clinical relevance of GPR87 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. GPR87 is upregulated in various cancer; however, the biological function of GPR87 has not yet been established in lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we found that GPR87 expression is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Additionally, we showed that GPR87 overexpression promotes invasiveness and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AKT-eNOS-NO signaling is a novel downstream pathway of GPR87 in lung adenocarcinoma. Conversely, we confirmed that silencing of GPR87 expression suppressed these phenotypes. Our results reveal the oncogenic function of GPR87 in cancer progression and metastasis through the activation of eNOS as a key mediator. Therefore, we propose that targeting eNOS could be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

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