scholarly journals Heavy Metals Presence in the Soil and Their Content in Selected Varieties of Chili Peppers in Slovakia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Judita Lidiková ◽  
Natália Čeryová ◽  
Marek Šnirc ◽  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Ľuboš Harangozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The People ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Genus Capsicum ◽  
Chili Peppers

Capsicum chili peppers are popular vegetables in Slovakia. They provide a supply of health-promoting substances, but contaminated vegetables can pose a serious health risk to the people who consume them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the soil as well as in selected varieties of the genus Capsicum grown in southern Slovakia. The results were compared with the limit values given by the Law no. 220/2004 (valid in the SR) as well as threshold values proposed by the European Commission (EC) (2006). The gained result showed that the total content of Cd (1.64 mg/kg) as well as the available mobile forms of Cd (0.12 mg/kg) and Pb (0.26 mg/kg) was exceeded on the soil on which Capsicum cultivars were grown. The limit values of other monitored heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg) were not exceeded. The studied species of the genus Capsicum did not accumulate monitored heavy metals. It can be stated that consumption of chili peppers does not pose any risk for human health.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals Safety of Potato Consumption in Slovak Region Contaminated by Heavy Metals due to Previous Mining Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Musilova ◽  
Judita Bystricka ◽  
Alena Vollmannova ◽  
Beata Janotova ◽  
Matyas Orsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

Heavy metals are among the most serious environmental contaminants in mining districts. Soil, as one of the main components of the environment, is the place of heavy metal entry into plants and consequently into the food chain, too. Potatoes grown in the region of Middle Spis (Slovakia) may be a source of increased content of heavy metals and pose a health risk to the consumer. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Ni) in potato and soil samples were determined using the AAS method and compared with limit values set by the Slovak Republic and the European Union. The content of heavy metals was determined in 12 potato cultivars with different length of vegetation period (mid-early, very early, and early, resp.), which were grown in three localities with a highly disturbed environment. Total contents and mobile forms of heavy metals as well as physical and chemical properties were determined in soil samples which were collected from the same sampling sites. Only Pb content in potato tubers was higher than the hygienic limit value (0.1 mg kg−1 FM) in 15 sampling sites (interval was n.d. –0.2298 mg kg−1 FM). The contents of exchangeable forms (total content) of heavy metals in soil were ranged between the intervals: Cd 0.004–0.055 (0.94–1 56), Pb 0.023–0.295 (17.00–26.80), and Ni 0.019–0.475 (30.80–71.00) mg kg−1. At current average consumption levels of potatoes, tolerable weekly intake (TWI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) for observed heavy metals was not exceeded.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF THE CONTENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS AT THE HUMUS SOIL HORIZON OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Sergii Sukharev ◽  
Larysa Bugyna ◽  
Oleksandra Pallah ◽  
Oksana Sukhareva ◽  
Volodymyr Drobnych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Humus Soil

Based on the screening of some heavy metals (HMs) content in the humus soil horizon of the Transcarpathian region, the regularities of the distribution of HMs in the soils of different landscape zones have been established. It is shown that  increasing of the terrain height, the content of HMs in soils decreases (except for Mn and Hg) and for the total HMs content  the values of the Spearman correlation coefficient are: Cu – (-0.84); Zn – (-0.83); Mn 0.77; Mo – (-0.91); Co – (-0.82); Pb – (-0.83); Hg – absent; for the content of acid-soluble forms: Cu – absent; Zn – (-0.72); Mn 0.75; Mo – (-0.89); Co – (-0.86); Pb – (-0.77); Hg is absent. This pattern is associated with the tectonic and geological features of the different landscape zones. The calculation of the migration coefficient (the ratio of the content of acid-soluble forms to the gross content) has been shown that in mountainous regions this indicator has the highest value for Zn, Pb, and Cu. That means the potential danger of migration of these heavy me­tals and their bioavailability. This is probably connected to the type of soil in the mountai­nous areas of the region. A pronounced inter-element correlation of the HMs content in soils (except for Hg) has been established and the corresponding values of Pearson’s coefficients for the gross content are: Cu:Zn – 0,96; Cu:Mn – (-0,84); Cu:Mo – 0,89; Cu:Co – 0,99; Cu:Pb – 0,87; Zn:Mn – (-0,79); Zn:Mo – 0,91; Zn:Co – 0,96; Zn:Pb – 0,86; Mn:Mo – (-0,86); Mn:Co – (-0,84); Mn:Pb – (-0,75); Mo:Co – 0,87; Mo:Pb – 0,81; Co:Pb – 0,87. This makes it possible to predict the content of several HMs in the soils of the Transcarpathian region based on the results of determining one of them. In general, the content of HMs in the humus soil horizon (total content and content of mobile forms) is lower than the corresponding values of maximum permissible concentrations.  

Regularities of accumulation of heavy metals by strawberry (Fragaria×Ananassa Duch.) plants from soddy-podzoly soil using adsorbents based on mineral and polymeric substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
V. V. Bobkova ◽  
S. N. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Natural Tendency

In vegetative experiment has been studied the infl uence of adsorbents on the basis of mineral and polymer substrates Bentonite, Arpolit, Supradit, Agronit on the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) of strawberry plants plant variety Troitskaya in the artificial contamination of sod-podzolic soil at the level MAC (maximum allowable concentration) of total content of TM: Cd 2 mg/kg, Cr 100 mg/kg (MAC missing), Pb 130 mg/kg, Zn 220 mg/ kg. It was found that the use of adsorbents based on mineral and polymer substrates helps to reduce the content of mobile forms of Cr, Cd, Pb in the soil. Their content is reduced to the greatest extent when the adsorbents Supradit M are added to the soil (by 78.5 % for Cd and 40.1 % for Pb, compared with the control) and Agronite (by 79.0 % for Cd and 48.9 % for Pb, compared with the control). For mobile Cr, the downward trend in soil content was statistically unreliable. The content of mobile Zn in the variants with all adsorbents, on the contrary, increased in comparison with the contaminated control, to the greatest extent when the adsorbent Supradit M was added – by 26.1 %, compared with the control. The use of adsorbents led to a decrease in the content of Cd and Pb in the roots of strawberry plants. The greatest decrease in their content in the roots was when adding adsorbents Supradit M (65.2 % for cadmium and 76.8 % for lead, compared with the control) and Agronite (65.7 % for cadmium and 78.2 % for lead, compared with the control). The content of Zn in the roots in the variants with the introduction of adsorbents, except for Bentonite, increased in comparison with the contaminated control, to the greatest extent with the introduction of the adsorbent Supradit M – by 45.2 %. The content of Cr in the roots when using all adsorbents, except Agronite, also tended to increase, to the greatest extent when applying Arpolite – by 105.9 %, compared with the control. When applying the adsorbents Supradit M and Agronit to the soil, the content of Cd in the leaves decreased: when applying the adsorbent Supradit M by 52.9 %, Agronit – by 41.2 %, compared to the control. The content of Zn, Cr, and Pb in the leaves in the variants with adsorbents increased in comparison with the contaminated control, to the greatest extent when adding the adsorbent Arpolite: by 63.7 % – for Zn, by 71.2 % – for Cr, and by 46.3 % – for Pb. When using this adsorbent, the content of Cd in the leaves also increased – by 105.9 % higher than the contaminated control. The content of Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn in the berries of strawberry when using adsorbents less than in the roots and leaves, depended on the content of the corresponding heavy metals in the soil and was not statistically significant. When adding the adsorbents Supradit M and Agronit to the soil, the content of Cd in berries tended to decrease: when using the adsorbent Supradit M – by 30.0 %, Agronit – by 40.0 %, compared with the control. When adding the adsorbent Arpolite to the soil, the Cd content in berries tended to increase by 30.0 %, Pb – by 111.8 % from the control. The Cr content in the berries in the variants with adsorbents increased in comparison with the contaminated control, to the greatest extent with the introduction of Bentonite adsorbent – by 180.0 %. For the content of Zn in berries, there was no pronounced natural tendency for adsorbents to act. The closest relationship between the content of TM in the organs of strawberry plants and the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil was observed for roots and leaves. There was no such dependency for Cr. At the studied levels of mobile TM content in the soil, the barrier properties of strawberry plants play an important role in the accumulation of heavy metals. The translocation coefficients of heavy metals were higher in the experiment variants, in which a decrease in the content of mobile forms of TM in the soil was observed when adding adsorbents. For Cd in the variant using the adsorbents Supradit M and Agronit, the TM translocation coefficients were higher than the control value by 98.0 and 72.5 %, respectively. For Pb, the values of translocation coefficients increased with the use of these adsorbents, compared to the control, by 300 % and 350 %, respectively. With an increased content of mobile forms of TM in the soil in the variants with the introduction of adsorbents Supradit M and Agronit, the translocation coefficients for Zn, compared to the control, were lower by 33.3 % and 33.3 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Bioaccessibilities and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust from the Guizhou-Guiyang urban zone, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
郁鑫杰 ◽  
王济 ◽  
蔡雄飞 ◽  
张帅 ◽  
李丁 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Exposure Pathways

Abstract To investigate the health risks of heavy metals in dust entering the human body from different exposure pathways. In this study, the old urban area of Guiyang was used as the study area to understand the heavy metals concentrations in surface dust, including recreational plazas, main streets, hospitals, residential areas, and schools in this city, and the bioaccessibility in the simulated lung phase and simulated gastrointestinal phase. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr in the dust were higher than the background values, especially the Zn content exceeded the background value by 9.71 times. The bioaccessibility results indicated that the most soluble heavy metals in the simulated lung phase, simulated gastric phase, and simulated intestinal phase were Zn, Ni, and Cu, respectively, and the bioaccessibility of most heavy metals was significantly higher in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase, and only Cu was higher in the intestinal phase than in the gastric phase. The linear results fit suggested that the total amount of heavy metals alone could not predict the human intake of heavy metals in the dust. Human health risk assessment based on bioaccessibility showed that children had higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults for both hand-to-mouth ingestion and respiratory inhalation exposure pathways, but none of them exceeded the limit values.

scholarly journals Concentration and health risk assessment of heavy metals in airborne particles at nusery schools in Ha Noi

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Dinh Trinh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Men
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Metals And Trace Elements

Indoor air quality is increasingly important as people spend more and more time for indoor activities.  A sampling campaign was conducted to sample airborne particles at nursery schools in Hanoi in May and June 2018. The sampling strategy was performed during lessons and in absence of children in classrooms. Heavy metals and trace elements (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, As, Mn, Cr, Hg, Fe…) were quantified by using ICP-MS method. Emission sources of heavy metals were estimated using statistical analyses such as factor analysis while cancer risk assessment was conducted using chronic daily intake (CDI) and slop factor (SF). In the presence of children, indoor concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements were within the range from 1,7-3,2 ng/m3 (Cd) to 1588-3238 ng/m3 (Zn), while these corresponding values obtained when the rooms were empty were in the ranges of 0,6-0,9  and 746,2-2011 ng/m3. Indoor/outdoor ratios of studied elements varied from school to school and ranged from 0.25 to 2.88, implying presence of indoor emission sources. The calculated cancer risks ranged from 4.8x10-6 to 5.0x10-4, being hihgher than limit values set by USEPA, implying significant health risk to young children.

scholarly journals Intake of heavy metals in selected varieties of onion (Allium cepa l.) Grown in the different locations / Akumulacja metali ciężkich w wybranych odmianach cebuli (Allium cepa L.) uprawianych w różnych warunkach

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Bystrická ◽  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Ján Tomáš ◽  
Tomáš Tóth ◽  
Petra Kavalcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Abstract The environmental study, carried out in Slovak Republic, was aimed at the assessment of quality of onion based on the contents of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd) as well as the possible correlations among heavy metals in soil and onions (Allium cepa L.). Gained results showed that in some monitored localities the measured values were exceeded in comparison with limit values given by the Law No. 220/2004 (valid in the Slovak Republic) as well as threshold values proposed by European Commission (2006). In our paper, the values of total cadmium content were in the range from 1.15 to 1.34 mg∙kg-1 and the content of mobile form of lead was in the range from 0.19 to 1.09 mg∙kg-1. The lead content in all samples (except cv. Red matte grown in locality Klasov) of the onions was also exceeded and the values ranged from 0.05 to 0.21 mg∙kg-1. Among the varieties statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the intake of heavy metals were found (Multifactorial analysis of variance, LSD-test contrast P < 0.05) was used to process gained data

scholarly journals Collaborative Assessment and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Soils and Tea Leaves in the Southwest Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10151
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Weihong Lu ◽  
Naiming Zhang ◽  
Dan Su ◽  
Ladu Zeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Collaborative Assessment ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Southwest Region

The collaborative assessment and health risk evaluation of heavy metals (HMs) enrichment in soils and tea leaves are crucial to guarantee consumer safety. However, in high soil HM geochemical background areas superimposed by human activities, the health risk associated with HMs in soil–tea systems is not clear. This study assessed the HMs concentration (i.e., chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb)) in tea leaves and their relationship with soil amounts in the southwest region of China to evaluate the associated health risk in adults. The results revealed that the average soil concentration of Cr was the highest (79.06 mg kg−1), followed by Pb (29.27 mg kg−1), As (14.87 mg kg−1), and Cd (0.18 mg kg−1). Approximately 0.71, 4.99, 7.36, and 10.21% of soil samples exceeded the threshold values (NY/T 853-2004) for Pb, Cr, As, and Cd, respectively. Furthermore, the average concentration of Pb, As, and Cd in tea leaves was below the corresponding residue limits, but Cr was above the allowed limits. Correlation analysis revealed that the Pb, Cr, As, and Cd amounts in tea leaves were positively correlated to their soil amounts (p < 0.01) with an R2 of 0.203 **, 0.074 **, 0.036 **, and 0.090 **, respectively. Additionally, approximately 40.38% of the samples were found to be contaminated. Furthermore, spatial distribution statistical analysis revealed that Lancang was moderately contaminated, while Yingjiang, Zhenkang, Yongde, Zhenyuan, Lüchun, Jingdong, Ximeng, and Menglian were slightly contaminated areas. The target hazard quotients (THQ; health risk assessment) of Pb, Cr, As, and Cd and the hazard index (HI) of all the counties were below unity, suggesting unlikely health risks from tea consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Pollution Near a Tannery in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdenesaikhan Naidansuren ◽  
Altangerel Dondog ◽  
Batmunkh Erdenesaikhan ◽  
Enkhbayar Byambanyam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
The People

Background. Due to an increase in population density and industrialization, the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, has been experiencing an increase in environmental pollution; especially soil contamination. Environmental pollutants include solid waste, silt and wastewater coming out of tanneries in three micro districts of the Khan-Uul district of Ulaanbaatar. Among the many types of chemicals these tanneries use, chromium (III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) poses the most serious environmental health risk. In addition, the surrounding areas around the tanneries include schools, hospitals and residential buildings, presenting additional risks to the people living and working in this area. Objectives. The present study aims to identify heavy metal contamination in the tannery area using a portable x-ray fluorescence reader (XRF). Methods. The study area (112 ha) was divided into 6 zones depending on usage and XRF readings were taken in each zone. Results. Results showed a mean or median lead (Pb) concentration of 2–405 mg/kg (33±2), chromium (Cr) concentration of 18–10,752 mg/kg (685±80), zinc (Zn) concentration of 5–1,316 mg/kg (113±6.5), and arsenic (As) concentration of 0–84 mg/kg (10.2±0.46) Five soil samples were collected from sites where Cr concentrations were extremely elevated and analyzed in two different laboratories to confirm XRF readings. Using the results from XRF readings and two different lab results, heavy metal distribution mapping was produced using geographic information system (GIS) tools, statistical processing tools and pollution indices for each heavy metal were determined using base heavy metals content in the soil. The distribution percentage of each of the heavy metals in the topsoil was 37.7% for Pb, 78.5% for Cr, 43.8% for Zn, and 51.3% for As. Discussion. There are 140 tannery facilities in Mongolia of which 60 processing facilities reside in the Khan-Uul district of Ulaanbaatar. Tanneries use chromium (III) sulfate and other environmentally hazardous chemicals often in tandem with less costly technologies. This increases the amount of wastewater and contaminated silt going onto and into soil. The baseline level of heavy metals content was indicated by 7 XRF readings taken along the side of the Tuul river (relatively untouched soil). The present study shows that the Cr contamination in soil surrounding the tannery area was very high and the main source of the pollutants are wastewater and silt highly contaminated with chromium sulfate originating from the tanneries. Conclusions. The present study found that the tannery area is heavily contaminated and may pose serious threats to human health, the surrounding environment and underground water resources. In order to reduce the health risk of the people working and living in the study area and remove contamination and rehabilitate the area, further studies are needed to determine heavy metal leakage into soil and underground water and to determine the volume of work needed for neutralization and rehabilitation. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropogenic contamination in an urban territory by the example of Blagoveshchensk city

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
V. I. Radomskaya ◽  
N. A. Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Mobile Forms

The distribution of heavy metals (HM) was analyzed in soils of Blagoveshchensk. The main physicochemical features (pH, the content of organic substance, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the exchangeable cations of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total content of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn) were studied in soil samples. The anthropogenic influence on the urban environment transforms the physicochemical properties of soils: alkalizes the soil cover, increases the organic matter content, exchangeable bases, and mobile forms of biogenic elements. The total content of studied HM in the soils of Blagoveshchensk exceeds their concentrations in soils of the Mukhinka background territory and shows the spatial heterogeneity of pollutants distribution in the upper soil layer. As proceeds from the comparison of the studied elements concentrations with their MPC/APC, the most polluted territories are confined to industrial zones. Four elements, i.e., Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn, are accumulated in urban soils. However, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr accumulation is not so important. The calculation results of total contamination index in the upper soil cover layer in Blagoveshchensk taking into account the HM toxicity coefficient prove that Blagoveshchensk soils are mainly classified as moderately hazardous and nonhazardous. The evidence on the total content of HM do not allow making conclusion about their geochemical behavior in soils and about possible transition to neighbor environment. That is why the most mobile and easily mobilized forms of heavy metals, i.e., water-soluble and specifically adsorbed forms, were extracted using the method of successive extractions. The mobility of metals was established to be higher in the urban soils as compared to the background soils. Among the studied elements, Cd, Pb and Zn proved to be the most hazardous, with their mobility being close to the average risk of being included in the nutrition chains. This may lead to the contamination of Amur cross-boundary river ecosystems with heavy metals in case the groundwater level rises in the Blagoveshchensk territory due to its waterlogging by the Zeya River water.

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