scholarly journals Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Food Chain: Is Horizontal Transfer of Natural Products of Relevance?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1827
Author(s):  
Mohammad Said Chmit ◽  
Gerd Horn ◽  
Arne Dübecke ◽  
Till Beuerle
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Feed Safety

Recent studies have raised the question whether there is a potential threat by a horizontal transfer of toxic plant constituents such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) between donor-PA-plants and acceptor non-PA-plants. This topic raised concerns about food and feed safety in the recent years. The purpose of the study described here was to investigate and evaluate horizontal transfer of PAs between donor and acceptor-plants by conducting a series of field trials using the PA-plant Lappula squarrosa as model and realistic agricultural conditions. Additionally, the effect of PA-plant residues recycling in the form of composts or press-cakes were investigated. The PA-transfer and the PA-content of soil, plants, and plant waste products was determined in form of a single sum parameter method using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). PA-transfer from PA-donor to acceptor-plants was frequently observed at low rates during the vegetative growing phase especially in cases of close spatial proximity. However, at the time of harvest no PAs were detected in the relevant field products (grains). For all investigated agricultural scenarios, horizontal transfer of PAs is of no concern with regard to food or feed safety.

scholarly journals Elaboration of Conductive Polymer thin films (P3HT/PCBM) by spin coating method – Application for hybrid organic solar cell

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Son Hoang Cao Tran ◽  
Quoc Kien Quoc ◽  
Nhan Thuc Chi Ha ◽  
Top Khac Le ◽  
Thang Bach Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Spin Coating Method ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Coating Method

The nanostructured polymer-fullerene thin film is one of the most prominent materials to make the hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell (BHJ) with high conversion efficiency. Especially when the blend of P3HT and PCBM was used as the donor and acceptor materials. The properties of P3HT and PCBM layer in solar cell has been much studied and considered as high performance systems. One of the important factors for the high performance device is the fabrication  of photo active layer with the appropriate thickness and morphology. In the ideal case, the intermolecular distance between the polymer and fullerene should be approximately 10-20 nm (the exciton diffusion distance) giving an area of extensive contact between the two phases. After the dissociation of carriers, the two polymer phases should create the path way for carriers to reach electrodes. But so far, this ideal configuration has not been published. In this work, we’ve elaborated the P3HT and PCBM photo active layers by spin coating methodon glass substrates covered ITO electrode. The rotational velocity was determined to get the necessary effective thickness of the polymer film. The annealing effect on structure, optical and electrical properties of the polymer thin film with different content of PCBM were also investigated. The experiments show the best device on electrode ITO has I-V characteristic as a photodiode and short circuit current (Isc) aboutmili-Ampere. These results demonstrate convincingly that polymer layers elaborated by spin coating method can result a good performance of the device.

scholarly journals An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Irene Dini ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Francalisa Luisa Fedele ◽  
Andrea Sicari ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Vegetation Water

In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

In search of photosensitising compounds in the annual forage legume Biserrula pelecinus L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Swinny ◽  
C. K. Revell ◽  
N. Campbell ◽  
E. Spadek ◽  
C. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Pasture Legume

Biserrula is an annual pasture legume endemic to the Mediterranean basin and has been recently domesticated for use in Mediterranean environments in southern Australia. Over the past 10 years the species has been associated with isolated cases of what appears to be a primary photosensitisation in sheep that graze green pastures in winter and spring. Whole-top samples of biserrula pasture were taken from a range of farmers’ paddocks over 2 years (including paddocks where photosensitisation had been observed) and methanolic extracts were screened by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for known primary photosensitising compounds belonging to the classes furanocoumarins and dianthrones. None of these were detected. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were also not detected and this supports the view that a secondary photosensitisation is not involved. Chlorophyll profiles were relatively unchanged between samples and this suggested that chlorophyll metabolites are unlikely to be responsible for a primary photosensitisation. A series of luteolin and apigenin mono- and diglycosides were identified in the extracts, but these are not regarded as photosensitising compounds. Further work is required to establish the photosensitising agent(s) in biserrula.

scholarly journals Extraction of Capsinoid and its Analogs From Pepper Waste of Different Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986567
Author(s):  
Sibel Bayil Oğuzkan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Pepper Sample

Pepper, a member of the Capsicum genus of the Solanaceae family, is an annual, cultivated plant that grows in temperate climates. The main analogs of capsinoids, which are the secondary metabolites of peppers, are capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. During process, calyxes and peduncles are considered to be waste. Levels of capsinoids in these tissues in not well known. An optimized method was used to extract bioactive materials from the waste products from C. annum L. genotypes. Calyxes and peduncles were collected and dried in the shade. Extractions were in MeOH solutions and the extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the total amount of capsinoid, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin contents. Capsinoid, and its analogs, were identified in all genotypes at varying concentrations, and their capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents evidenced with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In conclusion, the highest amount of capsinoids was found in chili Samandağ peppers, whereas the lowest amount of capsinoids was found in the red sweet pepper sample. All pepper genotypes, the capsaicin amount was higher comparison to dihydrocapsaicin. Capsanoids and anologues obtained from waste pepper can be used as raw materials in production of value added products.

scholarly journals Improved Method for Isolation of Lycopsamine from Roots of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Damjan Janeš ◽  
Boštjan Kalamar ◽  
Samo Kreft
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Preparative Layer Chromatography

An improved method for the isolation and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey ( Symphytum officinale L.) roots was developed, introducing very fast, selective and ion residue-free reduction of N-oxides followed by ion-exchange chromatography giving a non-aqueous solution of alkaloids, from which solvents can be easily removed. With this procedure the use of large volumes of organic solvents, very slow reduction of N-oxides and input of additional impurities was avoided. Lycopsamine, which proved to be the major alkaloid, was additionally purified by preparative layer chromatography (PLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The identity of the alkaloid was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Problems of estimation of production efficiency and use of pellets

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Максим Ванин ◽  
Maksim Vanin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Financial Strength

One of the directions of development of enterprises of the timber processing complex today is their modernization, which includes a complete replacement of obsolete equipment for modern high-performance, automated analogues. Obviously, at the same time, the capacity of production, the volume of output, is substantially increased, which leads to an increase in production waste. To solve the problem of their rational use, we propose to introduce a technology for the production of biofuel (fuel pellets), based on the process of crushed waste products pressing. The proposed project includes construction of a workshop for production of pellets with a capacity of 50 thousand tons per year, their packaging and storage. The description of the technological process with the identification of a number of its stages is given, the economic justification of the investment project efficiency is fulfilled, the project implementation schedule is developed, the main performance indicators are calculated and the possible risks associated with the project implementation are identified. The presented calculations testify to sufficient financial strength of the project and its financial solvency. There are two options for using the produced products. The first is generally accepted, based on the export orientation of pellets and their supply to the ever growing European market. The second one is an alternative one, envisaging construction or modernization of obsolete boiler houses and their transfer to cheaper, biologically clean wood fuel. The proposed alternative approach is aimed at solving existing problems in the field of ecology and the energy industry. The use of pellets will significantly reduce the environmental impact caused by coal or fuel oil as a fuel, and can also solve the problem of providing lower-cost energy to remote enterprises and residential areas.

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