scholarly journals Let Them Eat Fish!—Exploring the Possibility of Utilising Unwanted Catch in Food Bank Parcels in The Netherlands

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Madhura Rao ◽  
Lea Bilić ◽  
Joanna Duwel ◽  
Charlotte Herentrey ◽  
Essi Lehtinen ◽  
...  

The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union was reformed in 2013 with the aim of improving the sustainability of the fishing sector. The Landing Obligation, a cornerstone of this reform, requires fishers to land their unwanted catch instead of discarding it at sea. Existing literature pays little attention to what becomes of this unwanted catch once it is landed. To further the discourse on the sustainable valorisation of unwanted catch, this study explores whether unwanted catch that is safe for human consumption could be used for improving food security. The paper focuses on Dutch food banks, which deliver critical food aid to over 160,000 individuals yearly but struggle to provide all dependant recipients with nutritionally balanced food parcels. The research question is addressed in two ways. The food bank recipients’ willingness to consume UWC is evaluated quantitatively through a survey. Next to this, data from interviews with relevant stakeholders are analysed qualitatively. Results indicate that the Food Bank Foundation and its recipients are willing to receive this fish if it is safe to consume and accessible. However, various factors such as existing infrastructure, lack of economic incentive to donate, competition from non-food and black markets, and the fishing industry’s conflict with the landing obligation might pose barriers to this kind of valorisation. The dissonance between fisheries, food, and sustainability policies is discussed and identified as a key limiting factor. To bridge the differences between these policy areas, we propose public-private partnerships and voluntary agreements among involved stakeholders.

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Casini

Il contributo esamina la recente e complessa vicenda europea relativa al finanziamento comunitario della ricerca su cellule staminali embrionali. La particolarità della questione è che tale ricerca verrebbe svolta nei Paesi che la consentono anche con gli incentivi economici dei Paesi che la vietano (come per esempio l’Italia). Com’è noto, la questione è legata a due episodi in stretta relazione reciproca: da un lato l’avvio delle procedure per l’approvazione del VII Programma Quadro (VII PQ) di azioni comunitarie di ricerca, sviluppo tecnologico e dimostrazione (2007- 2013); dall’altro il ritiro arbitrario da parte del Ministro per l’Università e la Ricerca, on. Fabio Mussi, dell’adesione italiana alla c.d. “dichiarazione etica” contraria all’uso di cellule staminali embrionali. Il VII PQ dell’Unione Europea, rappresenta lo strumento più importante per la realizzazione dello “spazio europeo della ricerca”, processo già avviato con il VI PQ con l’obiettivo di rafforzare la competitività scientifica dell’Europa. Articolato in quattro programmi specifici (cooperazione, idee, persone, capacità), che corrispondono ad altrettanti obiettivi fondamentali della politica europea di ricerca, il VII PQ è frutto dell’azione coordinata di tre grandi organismi: la Commissione europea, il Parlamento Europeo e il Consiglio dei Ministri competenti per materia. Al fine di rendere più comprensibili – nel contesto europeo – i termini in cui si è posta la questione del finanziamento della ricerca utilizzante le cellule staminali embrionali, l’articolo si sofferma sia su alcuni profili di carattere tecnico sia sulla storia del precedente programma quadro, conclusosi con una moratoria circa la ricerca basata sull’impiego di embrioni umani e di cellule staminali embrionali. Questa volta il confronto serrato è avvenuto, in seno al Parlamento europeo, tra tre diverse posizioni: quella espressa dall’“emendamento Gargani” (divieto assoluto di distruzione di embrioni umani); quella espressa dall’“emendamento Niebler” (limitazione della ricerca alle linee di cellule staminali embrionali create prima del 31 dicembre 2003), quella espressa dalla Commissione industria (ITRE) del Parlamento europeo (finanziamento della ricerca sull’uso di cellule staminali umane anche allo stadio embrionale). Nonostante il voto del 15 giugno con cui il Parlamento europeo ha approvato la proposta più permissiva, l’Autore dimostra – numeri alla mano – che in realtà la preferenza del Parlamento europeo è per il diniego dell’incentivo economico per la distruzione di embrioni umani. Di qui una serie di considerazioni che toccano anche il paragrafo 73 dell’Enciclica Evangelium Vitae e la frettolosa e solitaria decisione del Ministro Mussi. Nonostante tutto, resta l’auspicio che l’Italia nell’Unione Europea non si lasci condizionare da un complesso d’inferiorità, ma anzi, avverta la sua funzione di motore nella costruzione di un’Europa cementata dall’idea della dignità umana e dei diritti umani. ---------- This contribute examines the recent European vicissitude of the communitarian financing on stem cells research. Such research would take place in Countries that allow it, also with the economic incentives of Countries that prohibit it (Italy, for example). The issue is tied up to two events closely connected: 1. starting procedures for the approval of the 7th Framework Program (FP7), Building the Europe of Knowledge (2007-2013); 2. the arbitrary withdrawal of the Italian adhesion to the “ethical declaration” against the use of embryo stem cells, by Italian Minister of University and Research, Fabio Mussi. FP7 represents the most important instrument in order to realize “an European space of research” which has been already started with the 6th Framework. The new Program identifies four main objectives (cooperation, ideas, people and capacities), which correspond to the four main specific programmes around which the European research effort is to be structured. In order to make the financing embryo research question more comprehensive, the paper takes into account technical questions and part of the Framework Program’s background, including moratorium on embryonic stem cells-based research. In such issue the comparison took place between three different positions: “Gargani amendment” (absolute prohibition to destroy human embryo); “Niebler amendment” (limiting research to embryo stem cells line created before December 2003); the position of the Committee of Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) (financing research of human stem cells including the embryonic stage). In spite of the approval, coming from the European Parliament on last June, of the most permissive proposal, the Author demonstrates that in reality the preference of the European Parliament was for the refusal of the economic incentive. In spite of everything, the auspice is that Italy – inside the European Union – doesn’t let itself carry away because of an inferiority complex, but indeed, it perceives its function as mover in the construction of Europe, cemented on the idea of human dignity and human rights.


2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Prellezo

Abstract The study analyses the economic viability of the mesopelagic fish exploitation. Operating characteristics of the selected bottom-trawl fleet operating in the Bay of Biscay were analysed on a trip basis, from the technical, financial and market perspectives. The results show that, while this activity is technically possible, it cannot be considered a viable financial alternative to the existing commercial fisheries. However, the landing obligation of the European Union Common Fisheries Policy, to become fully operational in 2019, provides an economic incentive in the form of alternative trips. The fishing effort is to be limited by this regulation. Thus, the discouraging opportunity costs of fishing mesopelagic species might be alleviated by the effort limitation. Additionally, the existing markets might expand, and new opportunities for commercial fisheries of mesopelagic species might be created. The sustainability of exploitation and its impact on the ecosystem services associated with these species should be considered in their management.


2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Prellezo ◽  
Itsaso Carmona ◽  
Dorleta García ◽  
Luis Arregi ◽  
Jon Ruiz ◽  
...  

The European Union Common Fisheries Policy has established a discard ban, which states that fish below a reference size cannot be sold directly for human consumption. In a fishing effort-regulated fishery, the discard ban can result in extra handling, storing and landing costs. In an output-regulated fishery, this policy might also limit the effort levels as all the catches count against the quota. In both cases, this regulation can reduce the economic performance of the companies, even in single-species fisheries. A possible solution is to increase the mesh size, thus retaining fewer small individuals. To study this option, a bioeconomic simulation of a change in the gear selectivity from 100- to 120-mm minimum mesh size (MMS) was performed. The results show that the private perspective (profits) does not change. Furthermore, due to the lower retention of 120 mm MMS, the efficiency of a fishing day was reduced by 5% and 2.5%, from the point of view of capital and labour productivity, respectively. In contrast, gross revenues increased by 1.5% and crew compensation by 2%. Given a societal benefit of this change in the mesh size, this gain could be re-distributed to provide an incentive for selectivity improvements.


Author(s):  
Christl Li ◽  
Sean B. Cash ◽  
Julie Lesnik ◽  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
Joel Mason ◽  
...  

Abstract Although research has demonstrated the positive nutritional value and environmental benefits associated with edible insect consumption, several factors challenge the growth and development of the edible insect industry for human consumption in the US and Canada. Cultural and psychological factors account for much of the aversion US and Canadian consumers display. The absence of specific regulation also constitutes a structural barrier to more widespread production and sale of edible insects. Compared to the US, the European Union has a more developed edible insect industry and has enacted legislation that removes some of the barriers. As consumer awareness of the putative health benefits of edible insects increases, more comprehensive regulations may emerge to keep pace with the growth of this industry. Overall, a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both benefits and barriers to consumption is needed to facilitate a robust market for edible insects in the US and Canada.


Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Anna Drab-Kurowska ◽  
Agnieszka Budziewicz-Guźlecka

Rapid technological changes have forced postal operators to adapt their services to the needs of the information society, exploit new business opportunities, and pay more attention to emerging and rapidly growing direct and indirect competition. The main goal of the article is to provide an answer to the question Do we have to digitalize postal services? The objectives of the article are as follows: defining of the postal ecosystem concept; defining of postal e-services; developing an action proposal approach for the operator designated to create a digital ecosystem of the postal service. Therefore, it is necessary to survey postal operators regarding the digitalization of the economy and postal e-services. The survey should focus on individual customers, businesses and telecommunications market experts. The survey covered postal e-services supplied by the designated operator in Poland. Its assessment has been based on variables which have major impact on the perception of postal e-services. These variables include: scope of e-services, regulatory framework (security), competitiveness, telecommunications infrastructure, advancement of e-services, innovation level, and digital awareness and digital skills in the society. In order to meet these objectives, the article refers to the essence of the ecosystem as a solution to the research problem. Additionally, studies on postal e-services have been presented, which enable to develop an action proposal to strengthen the position of the postal operator in the postal ecosystem. The article is based on studies that use various research methods, such as critical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis and generalization, Delphi method, versatile benchmarking and graphic visualization. Additionally, findings of studies on e-services have been presented to cover the European Union, as well as solicit opinions of individual and business clients and telecommunications market experts in Poland. This enables to develop an action proposal designed to strengthen the position of the postal operator in the postal ecosystem. The study has delivered an answer to the research question. Thus, the authors can confirm that it is necessary to digitalize postal services.


2013 ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Vida Cesnuityte

The aim of the research presented in the paper is to explore the inter-relations between care processes and personal social networks as social capital in the light of the changing family models. Research of interdependence of care, social capital and family models is based on the idea of family practices suggested by Morgan. The main research question is what family practices of various family models create such social capital that ensure caring for its' members? The research hypothesis is that participation in various activities together with family members and persons beyond nuclear and extended family create dense social networks of caregivers. The analysis is based on data of representative quantitative survey carried out in Lithuania between 2011 November-2012 May within the ESF supported research project "Trajectories of family models and social networks: intergenerational perspective". Research results only partly support this hypothesis: particular family practices create networks of caregivers, but in order to involve particular persons into network of caregivers, different family practices in various family models are needed. Usually, inhabitants of Lithuania primarily expect to receive care from persons who depend to nuclear family created through marriage and extended family arisen from this relation. But persons from whom it is expected to receive care and care received differ in Lithuania. In reality, caregivers usually are children in families with children and parents in families without children. Family practices that create social networks of caregivers, and are common for all family models include annual feasts like Christmas Eve, Christmas, Easter, All Soul's Day, New Year party, Mother's Day. Various family practices differently impacting creation social networks of caregivers for different family models but usually its include joint dinner daily, Sunday lunch together, vacations with family, communication face-toface, by the telephone or Internet, consultations on important decision-making, All Soul's Day feast, Christmas celebration, Mother's Day, Gatherings of relatives, Birthday, Name-day feast, visiting cultural event together.


2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brookes

Abstract The use of the technology of genetic modification (GM) in European agriculture and the food supply chain is currently controversial. Because of strong anti-GM technology sentiments, the use of ingredients derived from plants containing GM have largely been eliminated from foods manufactured for direct human consumption by the food supply chain in much of the European Union (EU). During the past year, the attention of those opposed to the technology has turned to the use of GM ingredients in livestock production systems by incorporation of GM soy and maize in animal feed. A discussion is presented of the key issues relating to this subject, focusing on how supplies of GM or non-GM products are segregated or how their identities are preserved. The discussion is centered on GM maize and soybeans into which agronomic traits, such as herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance, have been incorporated. These are currently the only crops into which some varieties containing GM have been approved for use in the EU.


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