scholarly journals An Integrative View of the Role of Lachancea thermotolerans in Wine Technology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Javier Vicente ◽  
Eva Navascués ◽  
Fernando Calderón ◽  
Antonio Santos ◽  
Domingo Marquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Lachancea Thermotolerans

The interest in Lachancea thermotolerans, a yeast species with unusual characteristics, has notably increased in all ecological, evolutionary, and industrial aspects. One of the key characteristics of L. thermotolerans is the production of high quantities of lactic acid compared to other yeast species. Its evolution has mainly been driven by the influence of the environment and domestication, allowing several metabolic traits to arise. The molecular regulation of the fermentative process in L. thermotolerans shows interesting routes that play a complementary or protective role against fermentative stresses. One route that is activated under this condition is involved in the production of lactic acid, presenting a complete system for its production, showing the involvement of several enzymes and transporters. In winemaking, the use of L. thermotolerans is nowadays mostly focused in early–medium-maturity grape varieties, in which over-ripening can produce wines lacking acidity and with high concentrations of ethanol. Recent studies have reported new positive influences on quality apart from lactic acid acidification, such as improvements in color, glutathione production, aroma, malic acid, polysaccharides, or specific enzymatic activities that constitute interesting new criteria for selecting better strains. This positive influence on winemaking has increased the availability of commercial strains during recent years, allowing comparisons among some of those products. Initially, the management of L. thermotolerans was thought to be combined with Saccaharomyces cerevisiae to properly end alcoholic fermentation, but new studies are innovating and reporting combinations with other key enological microorganisms such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Oenocous oeni, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, or other non-Saccharomyces.

Protective role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as dietary carcinogen-binding agents – a review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cuevas-González ◽  
A. F. González-Córdova ◽  
B. Vallejo-Cordoba ◽  
J. E. Aguilar-Toalá ◽  
F. G. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Binding Agents

Study on the protective role of selenium against cadmium toxicity in lactic acid bacteria: An advanced application of ICP-MS

2008 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I ARAUZ ◽  
S AFTON ◽  
K WROBEL ◽  
J CARUSO ◽  
J CORONA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Icp Ms

Protective effects of selenium against sister chromatid exchange induced by AFG 1 in human lymphocytes in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Lokman Alpsoy ◽  
Elif Kotan ◽  
Abdulgani Tatar ◽  
Guleray Agar
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Aflatoxins have been shown to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to different species of animals. Besides, at low concentrations, Selenium (Se4+) is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic while it is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic at high concentrations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Se4+ against aflatoxin GAFG1 (AFG1) on blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The results showed that at 0.4 and 0.8 parts per million (ppm) concentration of AFG1, the frequency of SCE increased in cultured human lymphocytes. When different concentration of Se4+ (0.08 and 8 ppm) were added to AFG1, the frequencies of SCE decreased. Howewer, when 800 ppm concentration of Se4+ together with 0.08 ppm AFG1 were added to cell division inhibited in the cultures. Results suggested that Se4+ could effectively inhibit AFG1-induced SCE. Besides, the protective role of Se4+ against AFG1-induced SCE is probably related to its doses.

Beneficial Protective Role of Endogenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Mycotic Contamination of Honeybee Beebread

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irakli Janashia ◽  
Yvan Choiset ◽  
Damian Jozefiak ◽  
Franck Déniel ◽  
Emmanuel Coton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protective Role

scholarly journals The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Vittoria Carlotta Magenes ◽  
Martina Chiara Pascuzzi ◽  
Virginia Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Complex Process

Puberty is a critical phase of growth and development characterized by a complex process regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. In fact, it is crucial in psychological and physical development and can impact future health. Nutritional status is considered as one of the most important factors modulating pubertal development. This narrative review presents an overview on the role of nutritional factors as determinants of the timing of sexual maturation, focusing on early-life and childhood nutrition. As reported, breast milk seems to have an important protective role against early puberty onset, mainly due to its positive influence on infant growth rate and childhood overweight prevention. The energy imbalance, macro/micronutrient food content, and dietary patterns may modulate the premature activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, inducing precocious activation of puberty. An increase in knowledge on the mechanism whereby nutrients may influence puberty will be useful in providing adequate nutritional recommendations to prevent PP and related complications.

scholarly journals Brain Metabolic Correlates of Hypoxic-Ischemic Cerebral Necrosis in Mid-Gestational Sheep Fetuses: Significance of Hypotension

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Wagner ◽  
Pauline Ting ◽  
Margaret V. Westfall ◽  
Shun-Ichi Yamaguchi ◽  
John D. Bacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Basis ◽  
Cerebral Necrosis

Midgestational sheep fetuses exposed to marked hypoxia for 2 h remain brain intact if MABP is maintained above 30 mm Hg. On the other hand, similarly hypoxic fetuses, if they experience reductions in MABP below 30 mm Hg, develop foci of necrosis that predominantly affect hemispheric white matter and neostriatum. Cortex damage is more restricted and is usually associated with more massive underlying white matter damage. The present study examines the brain metabolic basis for the important role of hypotension in brain injury development in marked hypoxia. Sheep fetuses rendered hypoxic by respiring their ewes with 11% oxygen (fetal Pao2 = 8–12 mm Hg) in which MABP was maintained above 30 mm Hg showed increases in brain lactic acid concentrations to 7–13 μmol/g but unaltered energy charge. In contrast, fetuses that sustained MABP reductions below 30 mm Hg showed increases in lactic acid concentrations in vulnerable structures to 16–24 μmol/g accompanied by marked decreases in energy charge. The vulnerable structures also showed reductions in fructose concentrations but a variable behavior of other brain metabolites including phosphocreatine, glycogen, and glucose. Thus, the present findings suggest a relation between hypotension during marked hypoxia, low energy charge, lactic acid accumulation in brain at high concentrations, and fetal brain injury. The ewes of hypoxic hypotensive fetuses received pentobarbital at lower doses than did those of fetuses that maintained blood pressure. This suggests that pentobarbital plays an important role in protecting the fetal brain from asphyxia by extending the hypoxic fetus's ability to maintain blood pressure in addition to reducing its brain metabolism.

Protective Role of Trehalose in Thermal Denaturation of Yeast Pyrophosphatase

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Sola-Penna ◽  
José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Thermal Denaturation ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Thermal Denaturation, Trehalose, Yeast Pyrophosphatase, Water Activity, Carbohydrates Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is accumulated in yeast cytosol when this organism is submitted to a stress condition. Recently it was shown that the level of trehalose increase up to 15 times when yeast cells are submitted to heat shock (De Virgilio et al., 1991). In this report we give evidence how trehalose may play an important role on the stress-survival of yeasts when submitted to a heat shock. We show that 1.5 M trehalose increases 13-fold the half-time for thermal inactivation (t0.5) of yeast cytosolic pyrophosphatase at 50 °C. This thermal pro­tection conferred by trehalose is dose-dependent, after 10 min at 50 °C, a condition which inactivated pyrophosphatase, the presence of 2 M trehalose preserves 95% of total activity. Other carbohydrates were tested but were not so effective as trehalose. The presence of tre­halose at high concentrations in the reaction medium at 35 °C inhibits pyrophosphatase activity. This inhibition is less effective at 50 °C suggesting that under this condition the enzyme is temperature-protected and active.

scholarly journals Hemin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells through promoting lipid peroxidation: the protective role of autophagy

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (7) ◽  
pp. H1394-H1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee N. Higdon ◽  
Gloria A. Benavides ◽  
Balu K. Chacko ◽  
Xiaosen Ouyang ◽  
Michelle S. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Free Heme ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbonyl Formation

The hemolysis of red blood cells and muscle damage results in the release of the heme proteins myoglobin, hemoglobin, and free heme into the vasculature. The mechanisms of heme toxicity are not clear but may involve lipid peroxidation, which we hypothesized would result in mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells. To test this, we used bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in culture and exposed them to hemin. Hemin led to mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of autophagy, mitophagy, and, at high concentrations, apoptosis. To detect whether hemin induced lipid peroxidation and damaged proteins, we used derivatives of arachidonic acid tagged with biotin or Bodipy (Bt-AA, BD-AA). We found that in cells treated with hemin, Bt-AA was oxidized and formed adducts with proteins, which were inhibited by α-tocopherol. Hemin-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction was also attenuated by α-tocopherol. Protein thiol modification and carbonyl formation occurred on exposure and was not inhibited by α-tocopherol. Supporting a protective role of autophagy, the inhibitor 3-methyladenine potentiated cell death. These data demonstrate that hemin mediates cytotoxicity through a mechanism which involves protein modification by oxidized lipids and other oxidants, decreased respiratory capacity, and a protective role for the autophagic process. Attenuation of lipid peroxidation may be able to preserve mitochondrial function in the endothelium and protect cells from heme-dependent toxicity.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Catechin and Quercetin in Sodium Benzoate-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and the Antioxidant System in Human ErythrocytesIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Yetuk ◽  
Dilek Pandir ◽  
Hatice Bas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of catechin and quercetin in sodium benzoate- (SB-) induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytesin vitro. For this, the effects of SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL), catechin (10 μM), and quercetin (10 μM) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST were studied. Significantly higher LPO and lower activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed with the increasing concentrations of SB. Catechin or quercetin protected the erythrocytes against SB-induced toxicity only at low concentrations of SB. The presence of catechin or quercetin at 10 μM have no effect on SB-induced toxicity at high concentrations of SB (50 and 100 μg/mL). In conclusion, SB may cause oxidative stress as food additive in human erythrocytesin vitro. So, it appears that our findings provide evidence for the protection of erythrocytes from SB that could be considered for further studies.

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