scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Stockpiling Behavior over Time in China

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Erpeng Wang ◽  
Zhifeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Demand Side ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Studying the impact of COVID-19 on consumer food stockpiling behavior is timely and imperative. It can provide important information and help to understand whether consumers permanently change their behavior or return to their old habits in the long run. This study analyzed Chinese consumers’ food stockpiling behavior using six rounds of nationwide surveys in China from December 2020 to July 2021. The results show that the scale of food reserves extended from 3.03 to 10.01 days after the outbreak of COVID-19, then dropped to a “new normal” plateau and kept fluctuating with the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consumers who stockpile food for “Avoiding shortage” and “Pursuing ease” are going to stockpile food on a larger scale, implying a supply shock may affect the demand side. Those who perceive a higher level of severity of the pandemic are less likely to return to their old habits. Finally, although consumers’ food stockpiling behavior fluctuates with the tide of COVID-19 pandemic, it gradually returns to old habits over time.

scholarly journals Extreme Events, Entrepreneurial Start-Ups, and Innovation: Theoretical Conjectures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gries ◽  
Wim Naudé
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we scrutinize what has been established in the literature on whether entrepreneurship can cause and resolve extreme events, the immediate and long-run impacts of extreme events on entrepreneurship, and whether extreme events can positively impact (some) entrepreneurship and innovation. Based on this, we utilize a partial equilibrium model to provide several conjectures on the impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship, and to derive policy recommendations for recovery. We illustrate that while entrepreneurship recovery will benefit from measures such as direct subsidies for start-ups, firms’ revenue losses, and loan liabilities, it will also benefit from aggregate demand-side support and income redistribution measures, as well as from measures that facilitate the innovation-response to the Keynesian supply-shock caused by the pandemic, such as access to online retail and well-functioning global transportation and logistics.

scholarly journals Is There Any Role of Technological Inputs? A District-wise Analysis of Output Differential in Crop Sector

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 925-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jalil Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The idea of inclusive growth has emerged over time that highlighted systematically excluded segments of society from enjoying the benefits of growth on the basis of religion, ethnicity or location. In Pakistan, districts-wise allocation and usage of technological inputs is the outcome of growth and the important contributing elements as well to enhance specifically crop sector output under the advancement in growth prospective. It is reported that crop sector output contributes around 40 percent of the total agricultural GDP,1 where 2/3rd belongs to Punjab.2 The introduction of advance technological inputs provides an opportunity to enhance production potentials of crop sector in different provinces and their respective districts because Pakistan is also facing the problem of low agricultural productivity in comparison to many developed and developing countries of the world.3 Secondly, the expansion of opportunities to enhance economic freedom in long run has been considered an important issue that needs to be addressed in inclusive growth process. Hence, understanding the interrelationship among different farm related inputs effecting crop sector would help to measure (i) the impact of increased total traditional and technological inputs; (ii) contributive aspects of both types of technological inputs; machine and bio-chemical; and (iii) districtwise differential especially considering their resource endowments and availability.

Economic Geography, Political Inequality, and Public Goods in the Original 13 U.S. States

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2235-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Beramendi ◽  
Jeffrey Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
British North American ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

A large and fruitful literature has focused on the impact of colonial legacies on long-term development. Yet the mechanisms through which these legacies get transmitted over time remain ambiguous. This article analyzes the choice and effects of legislative representation as one such mechanism, driven by elites interested in maximizing jointly economic prospects and political influence over time. We focus on malapportionment in the legislatures of the original 13 British North-American colonies. Their joint independence created a unique juncture in which postcolonial elites simultaneously chose the legislative and electoral institutions under which they would operate. We show that the initial choice of apportionment in the state legislatures is largely a function of economic geography, that such a choice generated persistent differences in representation patterns within states (political inequality), and that the latter shaped public goods provision in the long run.

scholarly journals Top incomes in South Africa in the twentieth century

Cliometrica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo Alvaredo ◽  
A. B. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere have been important studies of recent income inequality and of poverty in South Africa, but very little is known about the long-run trends over time. There is speculation about the extent of inequality when the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, but no hard evidence. In this paper, we provide evidence that is partial—being confined to top incomes—but which for the first time shows how the income distribution changed on a (near) annual basis from 1913 onwards. We present estimates of the shares in total income of groups such as the top 1% and the top 0.1%, covering the period from colonial times to the twenty-first century. For a number of years during the apartheid period, we have data classified by race. The estimates for recent years bear out the picture of South Africa as a highly unequal country, but allow this to be placed in historical and international context. The time series presented here will, we hope, provide the basis for detailed investigation of the impact of South African institutions and policies, past and present. But the similarity of the changes over time in top incomes across the four ex-dominions suggests that national developments have to be seen in the light of common global forces.

scholarly journals Is colonialism history? The declining impact of colonial legacies on African institutional and economic development

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBBERT MASELAND
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper investigates the claim that colonial history has left an enduring imprint on Africa's institutional and economic development. The literature following Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2001) and Sokoloff and Engerman (2000) maintains that different types of colonialism affected the institutional environment differently, and that path-dependence subsequently ensures that these institutional differences and their impact on economic performance are persistent over time. By tracing the impact of colonial institutions on contemporary institutions over time, I show that – in contrast to claims in this literature – the relevance of colonial legacies to institutional quality and to per capita income is rapidly disappearing in Africa. Differences in institutional quality or income are explained less and less by colonial legacy, while there is some evidence that precolonial social and geographical circumstances are becoming more important. I conclude that while colonialism has affected African institutional and economic development significantly, this impact is not persistent. Rather, the evidence suggests that colonialism has created a large but very temporary institutional shock, after which a long-run equilibrium is being restored.

Land acquisition and industrial growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Satya P. Das ◽  
Anuradha Saha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
R Package ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – This paper aims to understand the impact of land acquisition and the provision of rehabilitation and remuneration (R & R) transfers included in it, toward the short-run and the long-run growth of an economy as well as on the welfare of farmers and industrialists over time. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a two-sector model of growth with agriculture and manufacturing in which land is an essential input to production in both sectors. Industrialists buy land from farmers and deals include R & R payments. Individuals live for one period and at its end, bequeath land and capital assets to their child. There is Hicks-neutral technical progress in each sector. Findings – The R & R policy has no effect on the long-run sectoral growth or land allocation. While such a policy benefits the farmers initially, after a certain period, it reduces their welfare. The R & R scheme makes the industrialist worse-off in all periods. It was found that besides the standard convergence effect, land acquisition by the industrial sector increases the growth rate of capital. This may lead to non-monotonic growth rate of capital. Research limitations/implications – The two-sector model abstracts from labor and labor markets. Hence, sectoral employment mobility or changes in the skill-wage premium over time are not captured. Originality/value – First, this paper developed a two-sector growth model with land as a factor of production and an asset. Second, it examined growth and distributive impacts of the R & R package embodied in land transactions.

Collective Memory in International Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
World Politics ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This book traces the influence of collective memory in international relations (IR). It inquires where a country’s memory first emerges and how it guides states through time in world politics. It locates the origins of national memory in political strategies within the international environment. The study then turns to the domestic landscape, where among a country’s public, it finds memory to be the carrier of national identity over time. From there, however, the analysis reverts to the international sphere: in the medium term, collective memory begins to channel international state behaviour, whereas, in the long run, it circumvents a country’s normative horizons. In this book, collective memory is thus assumed to become manifest in world politics in four varying forms: as a country’s political strategy, as its public identity, as underwriting its international state behaviour, and finally, as a source for its national values. All four theorized manifestations of memory are tested in a comparative study of (West) Germany and Austria and the impact their diverse post-war interpretations of the Nazi legacy had on their international policies over time. With the illustrative help of the empirical cases, the book not only explores whether collective memory has an influence on political outcomes but how and why it matters for IR.

scholarly journals The Heterogeneous Interconnections between Supply or Demand Side and Oil Risks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoke Liao ◽  
Zhenghui Li ◽  
Ziqing Du ◽  
Yue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Capacity ◽  
Over Time

Due to the crucial implication of oil risks for economic growth and policy making, the aim of this paper is to explore the heterogeneous interconnections of supply or demand in oil risks over time horizons and different countries. Specifically, we first examine the correlation of supply or demand in oil return risks and show the relationships in different countries based on wavelet coherence. Furthermore, we explore the time-varying interconnections between supply- or demand-side and oil return risks, as well as oil producers and demand countries. The empirical results show that the correlation between supply and oil return risks is relatively stable, whereas the linkage between demand and oil return risks shows greater volatility due to the impact of specific events. Further study indicates that there are heterogeneous interconnections between supply- or demand-side and oil return risks over sample periods. Specifically, the sign of response could be divided into four phases, i.e., 1997–2002, 2002–2010, 2010–2013 and 2014–2018. In addition, the interconnections of the demand side could be divided into three phases due to the sign of it. What is more, the dynamic interconnections of oil producers’ or countries’ demands behave quite heterogeneously in different countries. Thus policymakers should focus on the coordination level and space capacity in the global crude oil market.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

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