scholarly journals Effect of Microwave Drying on the Drying Characteristics, Color, Microstructure, and Thermal Properties of Trabzon Persimmon

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soner Çelen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Color Changes

In this study, changes in the drying kinetics, color change, and the energy consumption for microwave energy were investigated for Trabzon persimmon. In addition to that, the microstructure of the persimmon was also investigated by considering its thermal changes. It is important to be aware of the purpose of the drying process for determining the drying system. Results of this research showed that 460 W for 7 mm slice thickness depending on energy consumption, 600 W for 5 mm slice thickness depending on drying time, and 600 W depending on color changes were found as suitable drying processes depending on drying conditions. The effective diffusion values varied between 2.97 × 10−8 m2 s−1 and 4.63 × 10−6 m2 s−1. The activation energy values for 5 mm, 7 mm and 9 mm slice thickness were estimated as 32.82, 18.64, and 12.80 W g−1, respectively. The drying time and energy consumption decreased, whereas drying rate increased with an increase in the microwave energy. The number of pores increased compared to structure of fresh sample, and the pores got to be larger for 5 mm slice thickness as the power level increased. Results showed that the applied microwave energy had an important effect on the heating of the material and the change in the microstructure.

Study of color kinetics of banana (Musa cavendish) under microwave drying by application of image analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322098133
Author(s):  
Sagar Nagvanshi ◽  
Subbarao Kotra Venkata ◽  
TK Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Volumetric Heating ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Microwave Power Level

Microwave drying works on the volumetric heating concept promoted by electromagnetic radiation at 0.915 or 2.450 GHz. In this study, banana ( Musa Cavendish) was taken as the sample and treated under microwave drying. The effect of two process variables, namely slice thickness (2, 3.5, and 5 mm) and microwave power (180 W, 360 W, and 540 W), were studied on drying kinetics and color kinetics. It was observed that the inverse variation relationship exists between drying time and microwave power level while drying time and slice thickness exhibited a direct variation relationship. A Computer Vision System (CVS) was developed to measure the color values of banana in CIELab space using an algorithm written in MATLAB software. Once the color parameters were obtained, they were fitted in First and Zero-order kinetic models. Both models were found to describe the color values adequately. This study concludes that microwave drying is a promising dehydration technique for banana drying that reduces the significant time of drying. Application of CVS is an excellent approach to measure the surface color of banana.

scholarly journals Performa dan Analisis Konsumsi Energi Pengeringan Rumput Laut Menggunakan Energi Gelombang Mikro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Arif Rahman Hakim ◽  
Wahyu Tri Handoyo ◽  
Adrianto Widi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Moisture Ratio ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Rates

Pengeringan menggunakan energi gelombang mikro menjadi alternatif agar pengeringan berjalan lebih cepat tanpa terpengaruh kondisi cuaca. Namun performa dan efisiensi energi dalam mengeringkan rumput laut belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performansi pengeringan rumput laut menggunakan energi gelombang mikro (microwave) dan analisa konsumsi energinya. Metode yang digunakan ialah mengeringkan rumput laut segar dalam oven gelombang mikro secara batch. Dalam proses pengeringan dilakukan variasi level daya (400, 500, 600 watt) ke dalam oven gelombang mikro dan variasi ketebalan rumput laut (3, 5, 7 cm). Parameter yang diamati meliputi rasio kadar air (moisture ratio/MR), laju pengeringan (g/menit), difusi efektif air/Deff (mm2/detik), specific energy consumption/SEC (J/g H2O) dan efisiensi energi (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, level daya magnetron 600 watt menghasilkan MR terendah (0,19), laju pengeringan tertinggi (13,15 g/menit) dan Deff tertinggi (2,28 x 10-2 mm2/detik). Rumput laut ketebalan 3 cm memperoleh MR terendah (0,05), laju pengeringan tertinggi (6,42 g/menit) dan Deff tertinggi (9,42 x 10-2 mm2/detik). SEC pengeringan sebesar 4,38-4,51 J/g H2O dan efisiensi energi 22,56-23,42% untuk level daya 400-600 watt. Perbedaaan level daya tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap SEC dan efisiensi. Sedangkan variasi ketebalan rumput laut antara 3 cm dan 7 cm memberi hasil yang berbeda. SEC terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan rumput laut tebal 3 cm yaitu 2,96 J/g H2O sementara efisiensi tertinggi pada rumput laut dengan tebal 5 cm yaitu 22,93%.Oleh karena itu pengeringan rumput laut menggunakan energi gelombang mikro dengan level daya 600 watt dan ketebalan 3 cm menghasilkan performasi dan konsumsi energi yang lebih baik. AbstractMicrowave drying becomes alternative method to get faster process without being influenced by weather. However performance and energy efficiency of microwave drying for seaweed are still unknown. This research aims to find out performance of seaweed drying in microwave oven as well as energy consumption analysis. The method used was drying seaweed in microwave oven. Seaweed drying was conducted at various power level (400, 500, 600 watt) and thickness of seaweed (3, 5, 7 cm). Observed parameters were moisture ratio/MR, drying rates (g/min), effective diffusion/Deff (mm2/s), specific energy consumption/SEC (J/g H2O) and energy efficiency (%). Result of research showed that power level, 600 watt of magnetron produced lowest MR (0,19), highest drying rate and Deff i.e 13.15 g/min and 2.28 x 10-2 mm2/s respectively. Seaweed 3 cm thickness achieved lowest MR (0.05), highest drying rates 6.42 g/min and Deff 9.42 x 10-2 mm2/s. SEC of drying were 4.38-4.51 J/g H2O while energy efficiency were 22.56-23.42 % for 400-600 watt. Differences of power level have not given significant effect to SEC and efficiency values. Whereas differences of seaweed thickness between 3 cm and 7 cm have given significant effect. Seaweed in 3 cm thickness resulted in the lowest SEC i.e 2.96 J/g H2O, however, the highest efficiency energy was 5 cm thickness i.e 22.93%. Therefore drying seaweed utilize microwave energy of 600 watt power level and 3 cm thickness generated better performance and energy consumption.

scholarly journals LNT microwave-multiphase transport model for the microwave drying of lignite thin layer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi An Fu ◽  
Meiqian Chen ◽  
Q. H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Multiphase Transport ◽  
Mass Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Simulation Results

The LNT microwave-multiphase transport model has been applied to the microwave drying of lignite thin layer. Microwave energy, temperature and moisture distribution were obtained to gain a comprehensive understanding on the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the drying process. The required drying time of experiments decreased by 50, 63, 67, and 83%, respectively, with the power level rising from 119 to 700 W, while that decreased by 60, 72, 76 and 86%, respectively, for simulation results. The temperature values of the corner and edge of the lignite thin layer were higher than that of the center region, which corresponded to the microwave energy distribution. The moisture ratio profiles, temperature profiles and temperature distribution indicated good agreement between the experimental and simulation results, providing confidence in the modeling approach, which made it possible to obtain the moisture distribution successfully via simulation method.Keywords: microwave; lignite; thin layer.  

Moisture Diffusivity and Energy Consumption during Microwave Drying of Plaster of Paris

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magesh Ganesh Pillai ◽  
Iyyasamy Regupathi ◽  
Lima Rose Miranda ◽  
Thanapalan Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Effective Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Effective Moisture

The drying characteristics of plaster of paris (POP) under microwave conditions at different microwave power input, initial moisture content, sample thickness and drying time were studied. Further the experimental data on moisture ratio of POP for different operating conditions were obtained and calculations were made using nine basic drying model equations. The appropriate model with modified constants and coefficients to represent the drying kinetics of POP was found through the analysis of the statistical analysis. The effective moisture diffusivity of the drying process was also computed for different experimental conditions and a relationship between the drying rate constant and the effective moisture diffusivity was obtained. The energy consumption for microwave drying of plaster of paris at different experimental conditions were also computed.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-Microwave and Infrared Assisted Convective Drying of Carrot: Drying Kinetic, Quality and Energy Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6309
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
The Us

In this study, the drying time, effective moisture diffusivity (Deff), specific energy consumption (SEC), and quality (color, shrinkage, and rehydration) of the ultrasound-pretreated (US) carrot slices were compared when dried by hot air drying (HD), microwave drying (MWD), infrared drying (INFD), and hybrid methods of MW–HD and INF–HD. Five mathematical models were considered to describe the drying kinetics in the carrots. The results show that US+MW–HD and INFD were the fastest and the slowest drying techniques compared to the HD technique with a 73% and 23% drying time reduction, respectively. The Deff ranged from 7.12 × 10−9 to 2.78 × 10−8 m2/s. The highest and lowest SECs were 297.29 ± 11.21 and 23.75 ± 2.22 MJ/kg which were observed in the HD and US+MWD, respectively. The color variation indices indicated that the best sample in terms of color stability was the one dried by US+MW–HD with the color variation of 11.02 ± 0.27. The lowest and highest shrinkage values were also observed in the samples dried by US+MWD and HD (31.8 ± 1.1% and 62.23 ± 1.77%), respectively. Samples dried by US+MWD and HD possessed the highest and lowest rehydration, respectively. Although the carrot slices dried at a higher pace by US+MW–HD (compared to US+MWD), the shrinkage and SEC of the samples dried by US+MWD were significantly lower than the US+MW–HD (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the US+MWD method can be considered as a proper alternative for drying the carrot slices when compared to the HD, MWD, INFD, and hybrid methods.

scholarly journals Drying of Phyla nodiflora Leaves: Antioxidant Activity, Volatile and Phytosterol Content, Energy Consumption, and Quality Studies

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Yen Wen Chua ◽  
Bee Lin Chua ◽  
Adam Figiel ◽  
Chien Hwa Chong ◽  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Vacuum Microwave

Drying is an important process in the preservation of antioxidants in medicinal plants. In this study, leaves of Phyla nodiflora, or commonly known as frog fruit, were dried using convective drying (CD) at 40, 50, and 60 °C; vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9, and 12 W/g; and convective pre-drying followed by vacuum-microwave finish drying (CPD–VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. Drying kinetics of P. nodiflora leaves was modelled, and the influences of drying methods on the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, volatile and phytosterol contents, energy consumption, water activity, and color properties were determined. Results showed that drying kinetics was best described by modified Page model. VMD achieved highest drying rate, whereas VMFD considerably reduced the drying time of CD from 240 min to 105 min. CPD–VMFD was the best option to dry P. nodiflora in terms of retaining volatiles and phytosterols, with lower energy consumption than CD. Meanwhile, VMD at 6 W/g produced samples with the highest antioxidant activity with 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 11.00 and 15.99 µM Trolox/100 g dw, respectively.

Effect of Pretreatment Methods on the Moisture State and Drying Quality of Balsam Pear (Momordica charantia L.) Slices Using a Microwave Vibratory Fluidized Bed

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Lv ◽  
Jiwei Ma ◽  
Weiqiao Lv ◽  
Huangzhen Lv ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Drying Quality

AbstractIn order to improve the uniformity of microwave absorption and obtain good drying quality, a vibratory fluidized bed was used during the microwave drying of balsam pear slices. The temperature distribution of the materials during drying is discussed. The water state and drying quality of the balsam pear slices with blanching, ultrasonic, and superheated steam pretreatment were measured using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the drying uniformity of balsam pear slices was improved, and the drying temperature decreased more than 10 °C using the microwave vibratory fluidized bed. By using an ultrasonic pretreatment step, the activity of the water molecules was improved, and the drying time was reduced by 10 min, but the product was discolored during drying. Blanching and superheated steam pretreatment did not improve the activity of water molecules, but the product color changes were minimal and drying time was reduced by 20 min. The microstructure of dehydrated balsam pear slices was destructed seriously caused by this heat–moist pretreatment. Therefore, a variety of pretreatments should be integrated for the comprehensive control of the processing characteristics, such as enzyme deactivation and improving water activity, to further improve the drying efficiency and quality of balsam pear slices.

scholarly journals Microwave drying of corn seeds: Effect of Temperature on Drying Time, Energy Consuption and Germination Rate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Hernández Moreno ◽  
Rafael Hernández-Maqueda ◽  
Isabel Ballesterios ◽  
Carlos Torres-Miño
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Temperature

Previous studies on the microwave drying of corn seeds have shown that the process parameters employed play a very important role in determining the properties and quality of this grain (Gürsoy et al, 2013). Among these parameters, the drying temperature has a fundamental role (Nair et al, 2011). The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature on drying time, energy consumption and germination rate of corn seeds after they have been dried with microwave energy. To achieve the proposed objective, the drying process of these seeds was carried out in a rotating turntable domestic microwave oven (LACOR Model 69330), with a capacity of 30 liters and a total output power of 900 W, fitted with a PID temperature controller Eurotherm 3216 L. In this oven, 100 g of corn seeds, with an initial humidity of approximately 20%, was heated up to 3 drying temperatures (35, 55 and 75 °C). The seeds were weighed every 30 minutes and the drying process was considered completed when a humidity of 12 % was obtained. For each drying temperature studied, the experiments were carried out in duplicate. In each experiment, the electrical energy consumption was measured using a FLUKE 1735 energy analyzer. A sample of the dried seeds was subject to germination tests in a petri dish using filter paper and a volume of distillate water of 20mL to achieve sufficient humidity for them to sprout. Table 1 shows the average values obtained from the variables evaluated for each drying temperature.   Table 1. Results of the microwave drying experiments of the corn seeds at different temperatures and their germination tests. Drying temperature (ºC) Drying time to reach a humidity of 12% (min) Energy consumption (Wh) Germination rate (%) 35 345,0 880,3 90,0 55 118,5 330,0 81,3 75 73,5 183,9 12,0   As can be seen in Table 1, the temperature exerts a significant influence on the drying process and the germination rate of the corn seeds. An increase in the drying temperature causes a simultaneous decrease in drying time (∿ 78%) and in energy consumption (∿ 79%), which are very positive aspects. However, there is also an unacceptable decrease (∿ 87%) in the germination rate of the corn seeds.   References Gürsoy, S., Choudhary, R., Watson, D.G. Int. J Agric. &amp; Biol. Eng., 2013, 6, 1, 90–99.Nair, G.R., Li, Z., Gariepy, Y., Raghavan, V. Drying Technology, 2011, 29, 11, 1291-1296.

scholarly journals Microwave dehydration of potato slices and assessment of energy efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Marko Petković ◽  
Alexander Lukyanov ◽  
Igor Đurović ◽  
Nemanja Miletić ◽  
Svetlana Studennikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Mass Loads ◽  
Potato Slices

The dehydration parameters (thickness, mass load, and power level) statistically significantly (p<0.05) affect the microwave dehydration of potato slices. Potato slices with thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm were dehydrated as monolayers at different mass loads (1.00, 0.63, and 0.38 kg m-2) and microwave power levels (80, 240 W). The optimal model of potato slices with a 3 mm thickness, 0.38 kg m-2 mass load, dehydrated on 240 W, had the shortest dehydration time (15 minutes), the most negligible energy consumption (0.064 kWh), and the most insignificant emission of carbon dioxide (0.063 kg). The model of potato slices of 9 mm slice thickness dehydrated on 240 W, with 0.38 kg m-2 mass load, showed the highest resistance to mass transfer (the maximum effective moisture diffusivity 1.1847 × 10-7 ± 2.6080 × 10-9 m2 s-1). The average activation energy for all models was determined to be 11.635 W g-1. The thinner potato slices showed better results in dehydration time and energy consumption and good moisture diffusivity.

scholarly journals Influence of intermittent and continuous microwave heating on drying kinetics and wood behavior of Eucalyptus Gomphocephala

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Habouria ◽  
Sahbi Ouertani ◽  
Soufien Azzouz ◽  
Wahbi Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Taher Elaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Level ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Gomphocephala

 The aim of this work was to determine the microwave drying kinetics of Eucalyptus Gomphocephala wood  and to investigate the influence of intermittent and continuous heating  processes on the end quality of dreid samples.  The average moisture content evolution and temperature of wood samples under different microwave powers were analyzed in terms of drying time and internal temperature level. Results show that the increase of microwave power level decreses the drying time and increases the internal wood temperature. Based on qualitative observations on the state of dried samples, the intermittent microwave powers intensity process present the optimal processing parameter in microwave drying of  Eucalyptus wood species.Keywords: microwave drying; power; intermittent; continuous; Eucalyptus wood.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document