Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron)

In this work, the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of Colchicum triphyllum (an unexplored Turkish cultivar belonging to Colchicaceae) have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, tuber, and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods, namely maceration (both aqueous and methanolic), infusion, and Soxhlet. Besides, the complete phenolic and alkaloid untargeted metabolomic profiling of the different extracts was investigated. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 285 compounds when considering the different matrix extracts, including mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and tyrosol equivalents. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (119 compounds), while colchicine, demecolcine, and lumicolchicine isomers were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. In addition, our findings showed that C. triphyllum tuber extracts were a superior source of both total alkaloids and total polyphenols, being on average 2.89 and 10.41 mg/g, respectively. Multivariate statistics following metabolomics allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Overall, C. triphyllum leaf extracts showed a strong in vitro antioxidant capacity, in terms of cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC; on average 96.45 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 66.86 mg TE/g). Interestingly, each C. triphyllum methanolic extract analyzed (i.e., from tuber, leaf, and flower) was active against the tyrosinase in terms of inhibition, recording the higher values for methanolic macerated leaves (i.e., 125.78 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activities were observed against AChE and α-amylase. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between the phytochemical profiles and the biological activities determined. Therefore, our findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential of C. triphhyllum extracts in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8120632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriele Rocchetti ◽

Biancamaria Senizza ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Murat Ali Okur ◽

Domenico Montesano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Orthogonal Projections ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Latent Structures

Like other members of the Colchicum genus, C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii is also of medicinal importance in Turkish traditional medicine. However, its biological properties have not been fully investigated. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, root and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods. In addition, a comprehensive (poly)-phenolic and alkaloid profiling of the different extracts was undertaken. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 195 polyphenols and 87 alkaloids. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (83 compounds), whilst colchicine and 2-demethylcolchicine were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. However, our findings showed that C. szovitsii leaf extracts were a superior source of both total polyphenols and total alkaloids (being, on average 24.00 and 2.50 mg/g, respectively). Overall, methanolic leaf extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 109.52 mgTE/g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (on average 90.98 mgTE/g). Interestingly, each C. szovitsii methanolic extract was more active than the water extracts when considering enzymatic inhibition such as against tyrosinase, glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between polyphenols/alkaloids and the biological activities determined. Multivariate statistics based on supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Therefore, this is the first detailed evidence showing that C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii might provide beneficial effects against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of action need to be further investigated.

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Antidiabetic activity of tannin fraction of Bridelia ferruginea (Benth) leaf extract on fructose-induced diabetic mice

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 68-74

Author(s):

Sabrina Sanvee ◽

Oudjaniyobi Simalou ◽

Gneiny Whad Tchani ◽

Hèzouwè Kagnou ◽

Batomayena Bakoma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condensed Tannins ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Bridelia Ferruginea

Introduction: Bridelia ferruginea is a plant known for its antidiabetic properties. However, few studies on leaf extracts have induced anti-hyperglycemic activity on normal mice subjected to carbohydrate overload. The current study was designed to assess the effect of the leaf extracts’ fraction on fructose-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The in vitro ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were carried out and the condensed tannins quantified. The vanillin-HCl method was used to characterize the condensed tannins. The antidiabetic effect on fructose-induced diabetic mice was evaluated for 28 days using a fructose-enriched fat diet approach. Results: The fraction confirmed the antioxidant activity with a reducing power of 800 μg/mL comparable to ascorbic acid at 200 μg/mL. The condensed tannins were estimated at 79.6 ± 3.4 mg catechin equivalent per gram of sample. Significant decreases in blood sugar levels of 6.25% at the 7th day, 11.04% at the 14th day, 12.61% at the 21th day, and 11.35% at the 28th day were obtained in mice treated with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight, compared to the positive control group. The decreases of 37.11% of triglycerides and 40.16% of total cholesterol were also obtained. Conclusion: The investigated fraction showed notable antidiabetic activity and might be a good candidate in the treatment of diabetes.

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Cecropia pachystachya Leaves Present Potential to Be Used as New Ingredient for Antiaging Dermocosmetics

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8263934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Maria Fernanda Fernandes ◽

Jessica Leiras Mota Conegundes ◽

Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto ◽

Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira ◽

Jair Adriano Kopke de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Hek 293 ◽

Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

First Time

Several biological activities have been reported for leaf extracts of Cecropia pachystachya species, including antioxidant and wound healing activities. This study aims to report, for the first time, the antiaging potential of the hydroethanolic (HE) and the ethanolic (EE) extracts obtained from the leaves of C. pachystachya using different in vitro assays. Both HE and EE presented relevant antioxidant capacity in different models, including phosphomolybdenum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Their ability to prevent the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was also evaluated, and both extracts showed important activity, especially HE. The extracts also stimulated the fibroblasts proliferation in vitro, specialized cells that produce several mediators which maintain the skin integrity and youthfulness. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was not observed for this lineage or HEK-293, human embryonic kidney cells widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity of chemical compounds. HE also exhibited the ability to inhibit the collagenase (metalloproteinase MMP-2) and elastase activities. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, which were quantified to be used as chemical markers. The results suggested that the extracts of C. pachystachya leaves present the potential to be used in dermocosmetic formulations to prevent the skin aging process, which attracts the attention of pharmaceutical companies and researchers interested in the development of novel ingredients likely to be used as active principles in antiaging products.

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Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholinesterase Activities and Phytochemical Profile of Azorella glabra Wedd

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8080265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Immacolata Faraone ◽

Dilip K. Rai ◽

Daniela Russo ◽

Lucia Chiummiento ◽

Eloy Fernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Neutral Radical ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Oxidative stress is involved in different diseases, such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The genus Azorella includes about 70 species of flowering plant species; most of them are commonly used as food and in particular as a tea infusion in the Andean region of South America in folk medicine to treat various chronic diseases. Azorella glabra Wedd. aerial parts were firstly analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant activity using different complementary assays. In particular, radical scavenging activity was tested against biological neutral radical DPPH; ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity (FRAP and Beta-Carotene Bleaching tests) were also determined. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was used to compare data obtained by different assays. Then, the inhibitory ability of samples was investigated against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in diabetes and against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes considered as strategy for the treatment of Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Moreover, the phytochemical profile of the sample showing the highest RACI (1.35) and interesting enzymatic activities (IC50 of 163.54 ± 9.72 and 215.29 ± 17.10 μg/mL in α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively) was subjected to characterization and quantification of its phenolic composition using LC-MS/MS analysis. In fact, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from ethanol extract by liquid/liquid extraction showed 29 compounds, most of them are cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoid derivatives, and a terpene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the evaluation of significant biological activities and phytochemical profile of A. glabra, an important source of health-promoting phytochemicals.

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Characterization of (2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-Trien-1-Ol with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials from Euclea Crispa (Thunb.) Leaves

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 51-63

Author(s):

Chella Perumal Palanisamy ◽

Bo Cui ◽

Hong Xia Zhang ◽

Thanh Trung Nguyen ◽

Hoang Dung Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Isolated Compound ◽

First Time ◽

Diffusion Assay

(2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol or farnesol is a natural isoprenoid possessing a range of beneficial biological activities as anti-candidiasis, anti-tumor and anti-hyperglycaemia. The present study, for the first time, isolated and identified farnesol from Euclea crispa leaves’ extract, subsequently, validated its antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The isolated compound was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and 1H and 13C magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. By in vitro investigations, farnesol exhibited a considerable antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 113.79, 109.59, and 116.65 µg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays, respectively. Additionally, farnesol performed a potent reducing power capacity which was in line with ascorbic acid, an outstanding antioxidant. By the disc-diffusion assay, farnesol exposed the superior antimicrobial activity against various disease-causing microorganisms. Significantly, at the concentration of 50 µg/mL, the compound effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger with inhibition zones of 12 and 11 mm, respectively. Findings from this research suggest that E. crispa leaf is a potential source of farnesol, a powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

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Hydrolysable Tannins and Biological Activities of Meriania hernandoi and Meriania nobilis (Melastomataceae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Claudia Valverde Malaver ◽

Ana Colmenares Dulcey ◽

Carlos Rial ◽

Rosa Varela ◽

José Molinillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Wheat Coleoptile ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Hydrolysable Tannins ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

First Time ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

A bio-guided study of leaf extracts allowed the isolation of two new macrobicyclic hydrolysable tannins, namely merianin A (1) and merianin B (2), and oct-1-en-3-yl β-xylopyranosyl-(1”-6’)-β-glucopyranoside (3) from Meriania hernandoi, in addition to 11 known compounds reported for the first time in the Meriania genus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The bioactivities of the compounds were determined by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity and by carrying out antioxidant power assays (FRAP), etiolated wheat coleoptile assays and phytotoxicity assays on the standard target species Lycopersicum esculentum W. (tomato). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the best free radical scavenging activities, with FRS50 values of 2.0 and 1.9 µM, respectively.

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Iron (FeII) Chelation, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, and Immune Modulating Potential ofArisaema jacquemontii(Himalayan Cobra Lily)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/179865 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rasleen Sudan ◽

Madhulika Bhagat ◽

Sahil Gupta ◽

Jasvinder Singh ◽

Anupurna Koul

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Ferrous Ions ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontiiof north-western Himalayan region. The tubers, leaves, and fruits of this plant were subjected to extraction using different solvents.In vitroantioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 μg/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value1085.4±0.11 μMFe3+/g dry wt.) than all the other extracts. The crude methanol extract was thus further partitioned with solvents to yield five fractions. Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 μg/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 μM/g dry wt. The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. Therefore, it can be concluded thatA. jacquemontiileaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities.

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Onion Peel: Turning a Food Waste into a Resource

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 304

Author(s):

Rita Celano ◽

Teresa Docimo ◽

Anna Lisa Piccinelli ◽

Patrizia Gazzerro ◽

Marina Tucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

High Performance ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Onion Skin

Food waste is a serious problem for food processing industries, especially when it represents a loss of a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals. Increasing consumer demand for processed food poses the problem of minimizing waste by conversion into useful products. In this regard, onion (Allium cepa) waste consisting mainly of onion skin is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. Here, we characterized the flavonoid profiles and biological activities of onion skin wastes of two traditional varieties with protected geographical indication (PGI), the red “Rossa di Tropea” and the coppery “Ramata di Montoro”, typically cultivated in a niche area in southern Italy. The phytochemical profiles of exhaustive extracts, characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry, revealed that flavonols and anthocyanins were the characteristic metabolite classes of onion skins. Quercetin, quercetin glucosides and their dimer and trimer derivatives, and, among anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, were the most abundant bioactive compounds. The potential of onion skins was evaluated by testing several biological activities: ABTS/oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and in vitro alpha-glucosidase assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of the extracts and of their main compounds, respectively, and proliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay on human fibroblasts. In the present study, by observing various biological properties of “Rossa di Tropea” and “Ramata di Montoro” onion-dried skins, we clearly indicated that this agricultural waste can provide bioactive molecules for multiple applications, from industrial to nutraceutical and cosmetical sectors.

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Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L., Rosaceae): A review of traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological properties

Lekovite sirovine ◽

10.5937/leksir2040066t ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 66-74

Author(s):

Vanja Tadić ◽

Nemanja Krgović ◽

Ana Žugić

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Phenolcarboxylic Acids

Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L. syn. Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm., Rosaceae) has been commonly used in folk medicine to heal inflammations in the mouth, bleeding of the nose, furuncules, gynaecological (menorrhagia and dysmenorrhoea), and gastrointestinal disorders. Although therapeutic indications for lady's mantle are non-specific diarrhoea and gastrointestinal complaints, it has been reported to exert, as well, a variety of biological activities, including wound healing, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, cytotoxic, and antioxidant. Lady's mantle presents a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds, mostly phenolic compounds - a large amount of tannins, phenolcarboxylic acids, and flavonoids, being responsible for the abovementioned effects. In this work, a literature review of biological properties, investigated in in vitro and in vivo experiments in regard to the determined chemical profile is presented. In addition, the data reported are discussed, and the directions for further investigations are proposed.

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Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2018.v9.20180106 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 47-52

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Kashmir Himalayas ◽

Near Future ◽

First Time ◽

Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

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