scholarly journals Nutritional Bar with Potato-Based Resistant Starch Attenuated Post-Prandial Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Vishnupriya Gourineni ◽  
Maria L. Stewart ◽  
Meredith L. Wilcox ◽  
Kevin C. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Capillary Glucose ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Resistant starch is a non-digestible starch fraction and is classified as fiber. Beyond naturally occurring fiber sources, starches can be modified to resist digestion, increase their fiber content and provide physiological benefits. The current study examined acute postprandial glycemic responses of VERSAFIBE™ 1490 resistant starch type-4, containing 90% total dietary fiber (TDF, AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Collaboration International) 991.43 method). In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, healthy adults (n = 38) consumed a nutritional bar containing either control (2 g), medium (21 g) or high (30 g) fiber. The test bars were matched with control for available carbohydrates, fat and protein. Venous glucose, insulin, and capillary glucose were measured. Mean ± SEM capillary glucose incremental area-under-curve (iAUC0)-120 min in min*mmol/L was lower (p < 0.005) for both fiber bars (136.2 ± 9.2 and 137.0 ± 10.4 for the medium and high fiber bars, respectively) compared to the control bar (174.9 ± 13.5). Mean venous insulin iAUC0-120 min in min*pmol/L was also lower for medium (8096.3 ± 894.5) and high fiber (7533.8 ± 932.9) bars, respectively, compared to the control bar (11871.6 ± 1123.9, p < 0.001). Peak capillary glucose and venous insulin concentrations were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after consumption of both fiber bars compared to the control bar. The results of this study suggest that nutritional bars containing potato based RS4 fiber reduced post-consumption glycemic and insulinemic responses when consumed by generally healthy adults.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal effects of resistant starch, soluble maize fibre and pullulan in healthy adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby S. Klosterbuer ◽  
Meredith A. J. Hullar ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Elizabeth Traylor ◽  
Johanna W. Lampe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Fibre has been shown to exert a number of benefits on gastrointestinal (GI) health, yet its intake is low. Addition of novel fibres to food products may increase fibre intake and improve gut health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of three novel fibres on GI outcomes in healthy human subjects. A total of twenty healthy participants (ten men and ten women) with normal BMI (23 (sem 2) kg/m2) participated in the present randomised, double-blind, cross-over study with five treatment periods. Participants consumed a maltodextrin control or 20–25 g/d fibre from soluble maize fibre (SCF) or resistant starch (RS), alone or in combination with pullulan (SCF+P and RS+P). The treatment periods were 7 d with a 3-week washout between the periods. Stool samples were collected on day 7 of each period, and GI tolerance was assessed via a questionnaire on days 1 and 6. There were no treatment differences in stool weight or consistency. SCF significantly reduced stool pH and increased total SCFA production compared with RS and control. RS+P significantly increased the percentage of butyrate compared with all the other treatments. Overall, GI symptoms were minimal. SCF+P led to the highest GI score on day 1, while RS+P had the highest score on day 6. Both SCF treatments caused a significant shift in the gut microbial community. These functional fibres are generally well tolerated, have minimal effects on laxation and may lead to beneficial changes in SCFA production in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Effect Modification by the Gut Microbiota on Metabolic Response to Resistant Starch (RS) Wheat Supplementation (FS11-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Hughes ◽  
Maria Marco ◽  
Mary Kable ◽  
Nancy Keim
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Breath Hydrogen ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study is to determine whether features of individuals’ baseline gut microbiota modify the effect of a resistant starch (RS) intervention on post-prandial glycemic response and other metabolic markers that have been linked to gut microbial action (i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bile acids, breath hydrogen/methane). Methods Metabolic responses and 16S rRNA gene data generated from a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial of RS and regular wheat will be used to investigate whether baseline features of the microbiota are correlated with inter-individual differences in the effect of RS supplementation in individuals. Women and men consumed 3 or 4 rolls per day, respectively, made from RS (14–18 g total dietary fiber, TDF) or conventional wheat (4–5.5 g TDF) for 7 days during each arm of the trial duration. Linear mixed models of glycemic response and features of the gut microbiota hypothesized to modify the effect of the intervention as well as covariates (e.g., gender, habitual fiber intake) will be used to determine microbiota features associated with improvement in glycemic response as a result of RS supplementation. Results A total of 30 healthy adults ages 40–65 will be studied and 25 have completed the study thus far. Of the metabolic variables analyzed to date, a significant amount of inter-individual variability in the magnitude and direction of postprandial glycemia and breath hydrogen responses to RS wheat supplementation. For example, the intra-class correlations (ICC) of post-prandial glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC) were high, 42.07% and 52.86%, respectively. However, there was a significant overall effect of RS wheat on glycemic response such that postprandial insulin during RS supplementation was lower than during regular wheat consumption (P = 0.004). Conclusions The results of this study show a high degree of inter-individual variability in metabolic response to fiber (RS) supplementation, suggesting the presence of individual factors that modify the effect of the intervention. Future studies should incorporate this analysis into their statistical plan to validate these findings and contribute to the current literature on personalized nutrition and the gut microbiota. This will enable us to predict and potentially modify metabolic response to dietary components. Funding Sources Institute for Innovation and Health (IIFH) and Arcadia Biosciences. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals The In Vivo Net Energy Content of Resistant Starch and Its Effect on Macronutrient Oxidation in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Giles ◽  
Ian L. Brown ◽  
Paul S. MacLean ◽  
Zhaoxing Pan ◽  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Insulin Responses

The in vivo net energy content of resistant starch (RS) has not been measured in humans so it has not been possible to account for the contribution of RS to dietary energy intake. We aimed to determine the in vivo net energy content of RS and examine its effect on macronutrient oxidation. This was a randomized, double-blind cross-over study. Eighteen healthy adults spent 24 h in a whole room indirect calorimeter to measure total energy expenditure (TEE), substrate oxidation, and postprandial metabolites in response to three diets: 1) digestible starch (DS), 2) RS (33% dietary fiber; RS), or 3) RS with high fiber (RSF, 56% fiber). The in vivo net energy content of RS and RSF are 2.74 ± 0.41 and 3.16 ± 0.27 kcal/g, respectively. There was no difference in TEE or protein oxidation between DS, RS, and RSF. However, RS and RSF consumption caused a 32% increase in fat oxidation (p = 0.04) with a concomitant 18% decrease in carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.03) versus DS. Insulin responses were unaltered after breakfast but lower in RS and RSF after lunch, at equivalent glucose concentrations, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. The average in vivo net energy content of RS is 2.95 kcal/g, regardless of dietary fiber content. RS and RSF consumption increase fat and decrease carbohydrate oxidation with postprandial insulin responses lowered after lunch, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity at subsequent meals.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistant Starch (RS) Wheat Supplementation on Satiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
Riley Hughes ◽  
Leslie Woodhouse ◽  
Nancy Keim
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Products

Abstract Objectives The objective of this analysis is to determine whether intake of wheat products high in resistant starch (RS) increase satiety relative to conventional wheat products via blunting of the glycemic response and stimulation of hormones such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, or ghrelin. Methods Metabolic responses generated from a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial of RS and regular wheat were used to investigate whether RS supplementation affects subjective and objective measures of satiety relative to conventional wheat. Women and men consumed 3 or 4 rolls per day, respectively, made from RS (14–18 g total dietary fiber, TDF) or conventional wheat (4–5.5 g TDF) for 7 days during each arm of the trial. Linear mixed models of glycemic and satiety outcomes were used to determine the effect RS supplementation. Results A total of 30 healthy adults ages 40–65 completed the study. We observed a significant effect of RS wheat on glycemic response such that postprandial glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) during RS supplementation were lower than during regular wheat consumption (P = 0.004, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Biological indicators of satiety showed lower iAUC and peak GIP (piAUC &lt; 0.001, ppeak &lt; 0.001) as well as higher fasting and peak PYY (pfasting = 0.004, ppeak = 0.004). There were no significant effects of treatment observed for ghrelin, leptin, or GLP-1. Additionally, there were no significant effects of treatment on subjective measures of fullness or hunger during test days (P = 0.57 and P = 0.20, respectively). Conclusions The results of this analysis indicate that RS supplementation is effective at blunting the postprandial glycemic response but has marginal effects on objective and subjective measures of satiety. Further research is needed to determine the potential effects of providing RS in different doses, volumes (e.g., supplement versus whole food), food matrix (e.g., pasta versus rolls), or duration of exposure on satiety. Funding Sources Funding was provided by the University of California Innovation Institute for Food and Health with gifts from Arcadia Biosciences and Ardent Mills.

The Effect of Warfarin Sodium on the Duration of Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J Knieriem ◽  
A. B Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warfarin Sodium

SummaryThe effect of the administration of warfarin sodium (Coumadin®) on the duration of platelet aggregation in vitro was studied. Coumadin was given for 4 consecutive days to 10 healthy adults who were followed over a period of 9 days. The duration of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, the prothrombin time, and the platelet count of platelet-rich plasma were measured. Four other healthy adults received placebos and participated in a double-blind study with those receiving Coumadin.Although administration of Coumadin caused a prolongation of the prothrombin time to 2 or 21/2 times the normal value, a decrease in the duration of platelet aggregation was not observed. In most individuals who received Coumadin an increase in the duration of platelet aggregation occurred. The effect of Coumadin on platelet aggregation was not consistently related to the prothrombin time or to the platelet count. In the placebo group there was a distinct relation between the duration of platelet aggregation and the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma.The mean increase in the duration of platelet aggregation when compared to the control value before medication with Coumadin was 37.7%. In the placebo group there was a mean increase of 8.4%. The difference between the two groups is significant (p <0.001). Increased duration of platelet aggregation also occurred in two individuals who received Coumadin over a period of 10 and 16 days respectively.

scholarly journals High-Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Characterized by More Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rachelle A. Pretorius ◽  
Debra J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High Fiber

Higher dietary fiber intakes during pregnancy may have the potential health benefits of increasing gut microbiome diversity, lowering the risk of glucose intolerance and pre-eclampsia, achieving appropriate gestational weight gain, and preventing constipation. In this observational cohort study, we have assessed the dietary fiber intakes of 804 women in late pregnancy, using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Overall, the median (interquartile range) dietary fiber intake was 24.1 (19.0–29.7) grams per day (g/day). Only 237/804 (29.5%) women met the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of dietary fiber during pregnancy of 28 g/day. Women consuming the highest quartile of fiber intakes (34.8 (IQR 32.1–39.5) g/day) consumed more fruit, especially apples and bananas, than women consuming the lowest quartile of fiber intakes (15.9 (IQR 14.4–17.5) g/day). These women in the highest fiber-intake quartile were older (p < 0.01), more had completed further education after secondary school (p = 0.04), and they also consumed more vegetables (67 g/day) compared to the women in the lowest fiber consumption quartile (17 g vegetables/day). Bread intakes of 39–42 g/day were consistent in quantities consumed across all four fiber-intake quartiles. Our findings suggest that antenatal education advice targeting increased fruit and vegetable consumption before and during pregnancy may be a simple strategy to achieve increased total dietary fiber intakes to reach recommended quantities.

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