scholarly journals Spousal Dictator Game: Household Decisions and Other-Regarding Preferences

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Matthew Gnagey ◽  
Therese Grijalva ◽  
Rong Rong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Other Regarding Preferences

Using a laboratory experiment, we collected data on dictator giving among student strangers and married couples in a suburban area in the United States. Confirming common belief and prior empirical evidence, we find that giving among spouses is greater than giving among anonymous students. We further investigated factors associated with spousal giving which may provide insight for the development of future theories, or into explaining other-regarding preferences. Our data shows that giving is positively associated with who manages household money and controls household income. This result is robust after controlling for each spouse’s personal income and using various econometric specifications. The results suggest that spousal giving may be due to household economic roles in addition to other-regarding preferences.

Unstaged Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in the United States: Predictors and Patient Outcomes

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2109-2109
Author(s):  
Binay K. Shah ◽  
Amir Bista ◽  
Sandhya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract Background: Treatment and prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) depends on the stage of lymphoma. We conducted this study to examine unstaged DLBCL in the United States. Methods and methodology: We used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) 18 registries to select patients with DLBCL diagnosed during January 2000 to December 2012. We used LRD Summary stage 2000 was used to determine stage of the disease - localized, regional, distant or unstaged. We used Logistic regression to investigate factors associated with unstaged DLBCL. We used Cox Proportional Hazard model to compare survival outcomes. Results: Among 67765 patients, 3194 (4.71%) were unstaged. Age (60+years), "Others" and Caucasian races, single or single/divorced/widow marital status, metropolitan residence, median household income> $50,000, lymph node as the primary site and cased with other primaries before diagnosis of DLBCL were the factors associated with unstaged cases (Table 1). The 5- year relative survival rate for unstaged patients was inferior to those with localized and regional disease, and superior to those with distant disease (HRs of 0.58, 0.66 and 1.24 for localized, regional and distant respectively when compared to unstaged cases). Conclusion: In this large population-based study, 4.71% patients with DLBCL had unstaged disease. Patients with unstaged DLBC had significantly inferior survival rates compared to patients with localized and regional stage. Table 1. Factors associated with unstaged DLBCL cases Parameters Unadjusted OR (95% CI) P value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P value Age (60+ Vs. <60 years) 1.478 (1.363 - 1.602) <0.001 1.458 (1.335 - 1.592) <0.001 Sex (Female Vs. Male) 1.063 (0.990 - 1.141) 0.093 0.983 (0.911 - 1.059) 0.646 Race Caucasians Reference Reference African American 0.804 (0.691 - 0.935) 0.005 0.835 (0.715 - 0.974) 0.022 Others 1.109 (0.976 - 1.261) 0.112 1.257 (1.104 - 1.431) 0.001 Marital Status Married Reference Reference Single 1.026 (0.927 - 1.135) 0.662 1.208 (1.086 - 1.345) 0.001 Single/divorced/widow 1.249 (1.152 - 1.355) <0.001 1.185 (1.087 - 1.291) <0.001 Rural/Urban Rural Reference Reference Urban 0.878 (0.651 - 1.183) 0.393 0.896 (0.661 - 1.214) 0.479 Metropolitan 0.882 (0.667 - 1.165) 0.882 1.028 (0.767 - 1.379) 0.852 Median annual household income Upto 25,000 Reference Reference >25,000-50,000 01.009 (0.753 - 1.354) 0.951 0.927 (0.675 - 1.271) 0.636 >50,000 0.758 (0.563 - 1.021) 0.068 0.673 (0.486 - 0.933) 0.017 Sequence (Not first or only primary vs. first or only primary) 1.261 (1.156 - 1.377) <0.001 1.219 (1.115 - 1.334) <0.001 Site of primary Lymph nodes Reference Reference Extra-lymphatic 0.760 (0.704 - 0.821) <0.001 0.748 (0.693 - 0.808) <0.001 Unknown primary 6.295 (4.569 - 8.672) <0.001 6.727 (4.865 - 9.300) <0.001 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Lois K. Lee ◽  
Eric W. Fleegler ◽  
Rebekah Mannix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Root Cause

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

scholarly journals Associations between Greenspace and Gentrification-Related Sociodemographic and Housing Cost Changes in Major Metropolitan Areas across the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Leah H. Schinasi ◽  
Helen V. S. Cole ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Ghassan B. Hamra ◽  
Pedro Gullon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Housing Cost ◽  
Census Tract Level ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Meta Analyses

Neighborhood greenspace may attract new residents and lead to sociodemographic or housing cost changes. We estimated relationships between greenspace and gentrification-related changes in the 43 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of the United States (US). We used the US National Land Cover and Brown University Longitudinal Tracts databases, as well as spatial lag models, to estimate census tract-level associations between percentage greenspace (years 1990, 2000) and subsequent changes (1990–2000, 2000–2010) in percentage college-educated, percentage working professional jobs, race/ethnic composition, household income, percentage living in poverty, household rent, and home value. We also investigated effect modification by racial/ethnic composition. We ran models for each MSA and time period and used random-effects meta-analyses to derive summary estimates for each period. Estimates were modest in magnitude and heterogeneous across MSAs. After adjusting for census-tract level population density in 1990, compared to tracts with low percentage greenspace in 1992 (defined as ≤50th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution in 1992), those with high percentage greenspace (defined as >75th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution) experienced higher 1990–2000 increases in percentage of the employed civilian aged 16+ population working professional jobs (β: 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11, 0.26) and in median household income (β: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.31). Adjusted estimates for the 2000–2010 period were near the null. We did not observe evidence of effect modification by race/ethnic composition. We observed evidence of modest associations between greenspace and gentrification trends. Further research is needed to explore reasons for heterogeneity and to quantify health implications.

Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Anna Boch ◽  
Tomás Jiménez ◽  
Katharina Roesler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Restaurant Reviews ◽  
Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
International Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Authority Structures

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

From Defining Characteristic to Vitiation of Principle

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-500
Author(s):  
J. C. Herbert Emery
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sickness Insurance ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Welfare State

Some studies that address the decline of fraternal sickness insurance conclude that fraternal insurers were crowded out of the market by increasing government and commercial competition. This line of reasoning reinforces beliefs that government and commercial insurers were superior to fraternal providers and that voluntary insurance arrangements were deficient for addressing household income risks before the rise of the welfare state. This article shows that this interpretation is problematic. The largest sickness insurer in the United States, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, dismantled its sick benefit arrangements between the 1860s and the 1920s not because of an inability to compete with the government and commercial insurers that were not in the market until well after 1920 but rather because of declining demand for the insurance within the membership.

Trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers: Who is affected the most?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13531-e13531
Author(s):  
John Chan ◽  
Michelle Ann P. Caesar ◽  
Chloe Chan ◽  
Michael Richardson ◽  
Daniel Stuart Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Asian Men

e13531 Background: To examine trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers among racial groups in the United States. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database for all cancers diagnosed between 2001 and 2017. Alcohol-associated cancers, HPV-associated, obesity-associated, physical inactivity-associated, and tobacco-associated were defined using ICD-O-3 site codes. SEER*Stat 8.3.8 and Joinpoint regression program 4.8.0.1 were used to calculate the trends of associated cancers expressed per 100,000. Results: In women, the incidence of all cancers has decreased significantly or remain unchanged for all racial groups in 2017, with the exception of an increase of HPV related cancers in white women (APC = 0.77%, p < 0.001), obesity related cancers in Hispanic women (APC = 0.46%, p < 0.001), and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black and Asian women (APC 0.78%, 1.06%, p < 0.001). The incidence of alcohol, tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity associated cancer decreased significantly in men for all racial groups in 2017. HPV related cancers increased annually by 3.13% (p < 0.001) in White men and 0.90% in Asian men (p = 0.022). The highest decrease in modifiable factors associated with cancers was in physical inactivity related cancers in black men from the west (APC = -3.79, p < 0.001). The intersection of black race and U.S. region had the highest decreases in all cancers except obesity-related cancers where the intersection of Asian race and Midwest region had the highest decrease. Conclusions: In women, most modifiable factors associated with cancer are decreasing except in obesity related cancers and physical inactivity/obesity related postmenopausal breast cancer. In men, these rates of cancer are decreasing for all racial groups except HPV related cancers in White and Asian men.

Environmental risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. KRUEGER ◽  
E. D. HILBORN ◽  
R. R. CONVERSE ◽  
T. J. WADE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
H Pylori

SUMMARYHelicobacter pylori imparts a considerable burden to public health. Infections are mainly acquired in childhood and can lead to chronic diseases, including gastric ulcers and cancer. The bacterium subsists in water, but the environment's role in transmission remains poorly understood. The nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined for environmental risk factors associated with H. pylori seroprevalence. Data from 1999–2000 were examined and weighted to represent the US population. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with seropositivity. Self-reported general health condition was inversely associated with seropositivity. Of participants aged <20 years, seropositivity was significantly associated with having a well as the source of home tap water (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·1–2·6) and living in a more crowded home (aOR 2·3, 95% CI 1·5–3·7). Of adults aged ⩾20 years, seropositivity was not associated with well water or crowded living conditions, but adults in soil-related occupations had significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to those in non-soil-related occupations (aOR 1·9, 95% CI 1·2–2·9). Exposures to both well water and occupationally related soil increased the effect size of adults' odds of seropositivity compared to non-exposed adults (aOR 2·7, 95% CI 1·3-5·6). Environmental exposures (well-water usage and occupational contact with soil) play a role in H. pylori transmission. A disproportionate burden of infection is associated with poor health and crowded living conditions, but risks vary by age and race/ethnicity. These findings could help inform interventions to reduce the burden of infections in the United States.

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